Practical 1 Study Sheet- Cell Organelles

The plasma membrane serves as a barrier that separates the cell's contents from the external environment, allowing for controlled movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm is the fluid inside a cell that houses various cell organelles and is the site of most cellular activities.

Cytosol is the intracellular fluid that fills the space between organelles in a cell and contains various cell contents.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains genetic material and is responsible for regulating all cellular activities.

The nuclear envelope acts as a boundary for the nucleus, separating its contents from the rest of the cell.

Nuclear pores are essential structures that allow for the transport of proteins and RNA molecules in and out of the cell nucleus, facilitating various cellular processes.

Chromatin refers to the material in a cell's nucleus that consists of DNA and protein. It coils and condenses into chromosomes during cell division to ensure proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

The nucleolus is responsible for assembling ribosome subunits, not energy production, protein synthesis, or DNA replication.

Centrioles play a crucial role in organizing the mitotic spindle and the formation of cilia and flagella, but they do not have a direct role in providing energy, storing genetic information, or regulating cell membrane permeability.

Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation and are crucial for cellular respiration.

The golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging various substances, particularly proteins, for transport out of the cell or for local use.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays a crucial role in various cellular activities such as steroid hormone production, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification. It does not play a direct role in protein synthesis or providing structural support to the cell. Additionally, it is not directly involved in energy production or ATP synthesis.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for modifying, storing, and dispatching newly formed proteins, as well as being involved in phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis. It is not involved in energy production and storage, regulation of cell shape and movement, or waste removal and excretion.

Ribosomes are the cellular organelles where protein synthesis occurs, by translating genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) into functional proteins.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They primarily function to break down and digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances within the cell.

Vesicles primarily serve to transport, incorporate into the cell membrane, release contents, and may become lysosomes in a cell. They do not store excess water, facilitate cell division, or produce energy for the cell.

Microvilli are protrusions on the surface of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients and signaling molecules. They do not serve the purpose of protecting the cell, regulating cell division, or storing excess nutrients.

Cilium functions as a tiny hair-like structure that creates movement to propel substances across the cell surface, aiding in processes such as movement of mucus in the respiratory tract.

Organelles in a cell are specialized structures that perform specific functions crucial for the cell's survival and functioning. While some organelles may assist in cellular respiration or store genetic information, their primary role is to identify and carry out specific functions within the cell.

Cell organelles primarily work to carry out specific functions within the cell, such as identifying and sorting different organelles based on their functions.

The components of the endomembrane system include the smooth ER, rough ER, and nuclear envelope, which work together in various cellular processes such as protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.