Understanding Mitosis: Key Components and Functions in Cell Division

1. What is the function of the mitotic spindle?

Stores genetic information for cell replication - consists of condensed chromatin material

Protects the nucleus from external damage - composed of a dense layer of lipids

Assists distribution of chromosomes - contains many fibers each composed of bundles of microtubles are made of tublin protein

Provides energy for cellular processes - contains mitochondria as the main component

The mitotic spindle is a structure that helps in the distribution of chromosomes during cell division. It is composed of fibers made of microtubules that are essential for segregating the chromosomes properly.

Explanation

The mitotic spindle is a structure that helps in the distribution of chromosomes during cell division. It is composed of fibers made of microtubules that are essential for segregating the chromosomes properly.

2. What are the key events that occur during prophase in cell division?

- nucleoli dissaper - duplicated chromosome - centrosome move away from each other

Chromosomes move to the cell membrane

Cell membrane breaks down

Nuclear envelope forms

During prophase, the nucleoli disappear, the duplicated chromosomes condense, and the centrosomes move away from each other. This stage is characterized by the preparation of the cell for division.

Explanation

During prophase, the nucleoli disappear, the duplicated chromosomes condense, and the centrosomes move away from each other. This stage is characterized by the preparation of the cell for division.

3. What is the function of a centromere during cell division?

- synthesizes proteins for cell division

- acts as a protective barrier around the nucleus

- organize spindle MTOC- microtuble organizing center divides before mitosis

- stores excess nutrients for the cell

The centromere plays a crucial role in organizing the spindle microtubule organizing center before cell division, helping in the separation of chromosomes. It does not synthesize proteins, store nutrients, or act as a protective barrier.

Explanation

The centromere plays a crucial role in organizing the spindle microtubule organizing center before cell division, helping in the separation of chromosomes. It does not synthesize proteins, store nutrients, or act as a protective barrier.

4. What is an aster?

A type of flower

Cell division process

Radial array of short microtubles

A type of constellation

An aster is a cellular structure composed of a radial array of short microtubules that are produced by the centrosome and are involved in cell division.

Explanation

An aster is a cellular structure composed of a radial array of short microtubules that are produced by the centrosome and are involved in cell division.

5. What is a kinetochore?

A type of plant found in tropical rainforests.

A type of chemical compound used in food preservation.

A protein involved in muscle contractions.

A structure of protein associated with specific chromosonal DNA at the centrosome

A kinetochore is a crucial structure in cell division, specifically during mitosis and meiosis, where it plays a key role in the segregation of chromosomes.

Explanation

A kinetochore is a crucial structure in cell division, specifically during mitosis and meiosis, where it plays a key role in the segregation of chromosomes.

6. What are the key events that occur during Prometaphase in cell division?

- Cell divides into two daughter cells

- DNA replication occurs

- Chromosomes condense into visible structures

Prometaphase is the stage in cell division where the nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules move toward the center of the cell, and some of the microtubules attach to kinetochores on chromosomes, jerking them back and forth. This process is crucial for the proper alignment and separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Explanation

Prometaphase is the stage in cell division where the nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules move toward the center of the cell, and some of the microtubules attach to kinetochores on chromosomes, jerking them back and forth. This process is crucial for the proper alignment and separation of chromosomes during cell division.

7. What occurs during metaphase in cell division?

- The nuclear envelope breaks down allowing the mitotic spindle to interact with the chromosomes

- The genetic material in the form of chromosomes condenses and becomes visible

- The cells begin to divide into two separate daughter cells

Metaphase is the stage of cell division where the centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, kinetochores attach to sister chromatids, and chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The other options describe different stages or processes in cell division.

Explanation

Metaphase is the stage of cell division where the centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, kinetochores attach to sister chromatids, and chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The other options describe different stages or processes in cell division.

8. What is Anaphase known for in the cell cycle?

Prophase - the stage where chromosomes condense

- shortest stage- two sister chromatids part

Telophase - the stage where cell division is completed

Interphase - the stage where the cell prepares for division

Anaphase is known for being the shortest stage of cell division where sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell.

Explanation

Anaphase is known for being the shortest stage of cell division where sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell.

9. What occurs during Telophase?

C. The nuclear membrane dissolves completely

D. DNA replication occurs

B. Chromosomes condense further and become more visible

A. Cell begins to divide into four daughter cells

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the two daughter cells begin to form, the nuclear envelope starts to form around the separated chromosomes, the chromatin becomes less condensed, and the division of one nucleus into two nuclei is complete.

Explanation

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the two daughter cells begin to form, the nuclear envelope starts to form around the separated chromosomes, the chromatin becomes less condensed, and the division of one nucleus into two nuclei is complete.

10. What is cytokinesis?

The movement of organelles within a cell

- the division of the cytoplasm is usually well underway - formation of clevage furrow

The production of ATP in the mitochondria

The process of DNA replication in a cell

Cytokinesis specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, not other cellular processes like DNA replication, organelle movement, or ATP production.

Explanation

Cytokinesis specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, not other cellular processes like DNA replication, organelle movement, or ATP production.