Microbiology Plate Reading Quiz

Chemical exfoliation involves using specific acids like AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) and BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acids) to exfoliate the skin, unlike physical scrubs, coconut oil, or bar soap which do not have the same exfoliating properties.

AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) and BHAs (Beta Hydroxy Acids) are chemical compounds commonly used in skincare products for exfoliation. AHAs such as citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid work by loosening the bonds between cells on the skin's surface, aiding in the removal of dead skin cells. BHAs like salicylic acid also have exfoliating properties and help improve skin texture.

Enzymes are commonly used in skin care products to help exfoliate the skin by breaking down keratin proteins. Acids, alcohols, and oils do not have the same properties as enzymes in terms of dissolving keratin proteins.

Clay masks are known for their ability to absorb excess oil and impurities from the skin, making them ideal for oily and acne-prone skin. Sheet masks, peel-off masks, and gel masks are not specifically designed for oil absorption but offer other skincare benefits such as hydration or exfoliation.

Salicylic acid is the beta hydroxy acid originally derived from willow bark, wintergreen, and sweet birch. Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid derived from sugar cane. Lactic acid is another alpha hydroxy acid found in sour milk. Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits.

Sulfur in skin care products is known for reducing oil gland activity and helping dissolve dry, dead cells, making it beneficial for treating acne and improving skin texture.

Seaweed, which is a type of algae, is derived from the ocean and used in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Seagrass, coral, and sponge are not specifically derived from seaweed.

Cleansers are designed to cleanse the skin without stripping its natural oils, making them ideal for maintaining the skin's acid mantle. Exfoliators, toners, and serums serve different purposes and may not always rinse clean with water without causing irritation.

A freshner is typically used in skincare routines to balance the skin's pH levels after cleansing and moisturizing, helping to restore the natural balance of the skin.

Exfoliants help in removing dead skin cells, resulting in smoother, softer skin and improved skin luminosity. They also enhance product penetration by allowing skincare products to better absorb into the skin. On the other hand, exfoliants should not cause skin irritation, increase wrinkle formation, or lead to dryness and flakiness if used correctly.

Masks can be categorized into setting masks, which harden or set into a solid form after application, and non-setting masks, which do not harden but remain in a flexible form.

Non-setting masks are designed to be left on the skin without hardening or drying, allowing the oil, emollients, and humectants to deeply moisturize the skin.

An ampoule is a small, sealed vial intended for a single application of a concentrated skincare formula. Unlike toners, serums, or essences, which may come in larger bottles for multiple uses, ampoules contain a highly potent dose of active ingredients in a water or oil base.

Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances, allowing easier spreading in cosmetic products. Emollients help keep the skin soft and smooth, antioxidants fight free radicals, and preservatives prevent the growth of microorganisms in products.

Witch hazel is a well-known herb used as an astringent due to its tannin content, making it effective in tightening skin and reducing inflammation.

Humectants are ingredients that have the ability to attract and retain moisture, helping to keep the skin hydrated. Emollients help to smooth and soften the skin, while surfactants are cleansing agents, and preservatives are used to extend the shelf life of products.

Performance ingredients are active compounds that have specific effects on the skin, such as improving hydration, reducing wrinkles, or evening out skin tone. Fragrance ingredients, color additives, and preservatives do not have direct effects on skin appearance.

Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidation. They help neutralize free radicals by donating electrons, thus preventing them from causing harm to the cell membrane.

Occlusion is the process of creating a barrier on the skin's surface to trap moisture and prevent it from evaporating. Exfoliation involves removing dead skin cells, hydration is about providing the skin with water, and anti-aging treatments focus on reducing signs of aging.

Comedogencity refers to the ability of a substance to clog pores and lead to blackheads. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe this specific concept.

Natural exfoliators are gentle on the skin and environmentally friendly, unlike plastic microbeads or chemical peels. Pumice stones are a physical exfoliant, but not a natural ingredient like the other options mentioned.

Masks and packs provide various benefits such as hydration, calming and soothing the skin, as well as nourishing it. The incorrect answers focus on other skincare benefits such as exfoliation, brightening, tightening, detoxifying, and purifying, which are not specifically related to masks and packs.

Modelage masks are thermal masks that contain gypsum and are used in skincare routines for their various benefits.

Potassium hydroxide is commonly used in soaps and cosmetic creams as a strong alkaline to help with saponification and emulsification processes.

Binders are substances that help hold products together, while emulsifiers help mix substances that normally don't mix, preservatives are used to prevent spoilage, and thickeners help increase the viscosity of a product.

Preservatives are added to products to prevent the growth of bacteria and extend their shelf life. Temperature control is important for storing products correctly, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections in living organisms, and vaccines are used to prevent diseases in living organisms, but they do not specifically prevent bacteria growth in products.

Anhydrous is the correct term to describe products that do not contain any water, while the other options do not accurately reflect the absence of water in a product.

Delivery systems refer to the use of vehicles to enhance the effectiveness of various products by facilitating their controlled release or targeted delivery.

Functional ingredients are substances that are included in a product formulation to perform a specific role and contribute to aspects like texture, body, and spreadability. Emulsifiers help stabilize mixtures of non-miscible liquids, flavor enhancers improve taste, and color additives provide color to the product.