Aircraft Maneuvering and Effects of Ground Effect & Wake Turbulence Quiz

Wingtip vortices are formed when the aircraft is generating lift, causing a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wings. This lift creation results in the swirling vortex of air at the wingtips.

The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow, resulting in more distinct and powerful vortices behind it.

When performing S-turns, it is important to maintain a consistent bank angle and properly coordinate the controls to ensure even turns on both sides of the road. In the case of a consistently smaller half circle being made on one side, it is most likely due to an increase in bank angle too rapidly during the early part of the turn, causing the aircraft to overshoot the turn on that side.

Ground effect is a phenomenon where the lift-to-drag ratio of an aircraft is increased when it is flying close to the ground. This effect decreases induced drag, leading to potential floating during landing if excess speed is present at the point of flare.

When landing behind a large aircraft, it is crucial to stay above its final approach flight path to avoid flying through its wake turbulence or vortices. Flying below, directly below, or at the same altitude as the large aircraft increases the risk of encountering dangerous vortices.

Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to sink below the aircraft as they are heavier than surrounding air, generating turbulence in their wake.

The correct answer includes the basic maneuvers of flying an aircraft which involve maintaining straight and level flight, making turns, climbing, and descending. The incorrect answers either mix up different phases of flight or involve incorrect actions related to aircraft control.

Ground effect is the result of the interference of the Earth's surface with the airflow patterns around an airplane, causing changes in lift and drag. It is not related to touching the ground while flying, emergency procedures, or navigation systems.

Ground effect is a phenomenon in which an aircraft that is close to the ground experiences an increase in lift and a reduction in induced drag. This can cause the aircraft to become airborne prematurely, potentially leading to issues if it hasn't reached the recommended takeoff speed.

The correct answer describes the circulation of wake turbulence vortex around each wingtip. It flows outward and upward around each tip, creating a potential hazard for following aircraft.

When landing, a light, quartering wind can cause the wake turbulence from the preceding aircraft to be shifted across the landing path, requiring maximum caution to avoid encountering it.

When departing behind a heavy aircraft, it is important for the pilot to maneuver the aircraft above and upwind from the heavy aircraft in order to avoid encountering its wake turbulence. This positioning helps to minimize the risk of encountering turbulent air that could adversely affect the following aircraft.

Wingtip vortices generated by heavy aircraft can have significant effects on nearby aircraft, especially those below. The turbulence created tends to sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below, potentially causing hazardous conditions.

In a rectangular course, an aircraft would be turned less than 90 degrees at Corners 1 and 4 to change direction without completing a full 90-degree turn.

Ground effect occurs when an aircraft is close to the ground, resulting in the reduction of induced drag and increase in lift. This allows the airplane to become more efficient and requires a lower angle of attack to generate lift.

Flying in ground effect refers to the phenomenon where the aircraft experiences an increase in lift and a reduction in induced drag when flying close to the ground. The airspeed range to avoid while in ground effect is crucial to maintaining control and stability during takeoff and landing.