8. Politics, Society And Identity - Heywood, 5th Edition

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1. What does 'Gemeinschaft' mean?

(German) Community; social ties typically found in traditional societies and characterized by natural affection and mutual respect.

A popular German dish made with sauerkraut and sausage.

A religious festival celebrated in Germany.

A type of traditional German dance.

The term 'Gemeinschaft' in German refers to a community characterized by natural affection and mutual respect, commonly found in traditional societies.

Explanation

The term 'Gemeinschaft' in German refers to a community characterized by natural affection and mutual respect, commonly found in traditional societies.

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About This Quiz

Explore central themes in politics, society, and identity with this focused study aid, based on 'Politics, Society And Identity - Heywood, 5th Edition'. This resource is designed to... see moredeepen understanding of political theories, societal structures, and personal identity within a political context. see less

2. What is the meaning of Gesellschaft?

A type of dessert originating from Austria.

A form of government popular in rural areas.

(German) Association; the loose, artificial and contractual bonds typically found in urban and industrial societies.

A style of dance originating from Brazil.

Gesellschaft is a German term that refers to the type of social structure characterized by loose, artificial, and contractual bonds typically found in urban and industrial societies.

Explanation

Gesellschaft is a German term that refers to the type of social structure characterized by loose, artificial, and contractual bonds typically found in urban and industrial societies.

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3. What is Atomism?

The tendency for society to be made up of a collection of self-interested and largely self-sufficient individuals, operating as separate atoms.

The study of atoms and their structure.

A scientific model for the behavior of gases at low densities and moderate temperatures.

A philosophical theory that all elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

Atomism in this context refers to the sociological concept rather than the scientific or philosophical definitions.

Explanation

Atomism in this context refers to the sociological concept rather than the scientific or philosophical definitions.

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4. What is the definition of underclass?

A term that denotes individuals with high social status.

A term referring to individuals who are financially wealthy.

A poorly defined and politically controversial term that refers, broadly, to people who suffer from multiple deprivation (unemployment or low pay, poor housing, inadequate education, and so on)

A term used to describe the upper class in society.

The correct definition of underclass refers to individuals who face various forms of deprivation, not individuals of high social or financial status.

Explanation

The correct definition of underclass refers to individuals who face various forms of deprivation, not individuals of high social or financial status.

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5. What does the term 'Connectivity' refer to in relation to computers?

The color of a computer monitor.

The type of operating system a computer uses.

A computer buzzword that refers to the links between one device (usually a computer) and others, affecting the speed, ease and extent of information exchanges.

The size of a computer's hard drive.

Connectivity in this context specifically deals with the connections between devices for information exchange, not the physical attributes of the devices themselves.

Explanation

Connectivity in this context specifically deals with the connections between devices for information exchange, not the physical attributes of the devices themselves.

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6. What is the definition of community?

A term used to describe a specific religious belief

The feeling of being alone and isolated

A group of houses in a specific area

A principle or sentiment based on the collective identity of a social group; bonds of comradeship, loyalty, and duty.

The correct definition of community emphasizes the idea of social identity and bonds within a group.

Explanation

The correct definition of community emphasizes the idea of social identity and bonds within a group.

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7. What is anomie?

A sense of strong community and belonging.

A weakening of values and normative rules, associated with feelings of isolation, loneliness, and meaninglessness.

A state of absolute conformity to social expectations.

A strong adherence to societal norms and values.

Anomie is characterized by a lack of strong values and normative rules, leading to feelings of disconnection and purposelessness.

Explanation

Anomie is characterized by a lack of strong values and normative rules, leading to feelings of disconnection and purposelessness.

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8. What is Ethnicity?

Ethnicity is the sentiment of loyalty towards a distinctive population, cultural group, or territorial area.

Ethnicity is a genetic trait that determines one's cultural background.

Ethnicity is the same as race and nationality.

Ethnicity refers to skin color and physical characteristics.

Ethnicity is not solely based on physical characteristics or genetic traits, but rather encompasses a sense of social identity and cultural belonging. It is distinct from race, which is based on physical traits, and nationality, which is tied to citizenship and legal boundaries.

Explanation

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9. What does the term 'Hybridity' refer to?

A condition of social and cultural mixing; the term derives from cross-breeding between genetically dissimilar plants or animals.

A state of being entirely self-sufficient and isolated from any form of external influence.

A concept that promotes the superiority of one culture over all others.

A process of eliminating all diverse elements in order to establish a homogeneous society.

Hybridity refers to the blending or mixing of different cultures or social identities, rather than promoting isolation or homogenization. It celebrates diversity and cross-pollination of ideas and practices.

Explanation

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10. What does the term 'transgender' refer to?

A term describing individuals who conform strictly to traditional gender roles.

A term exclusive to individuals who have undergone gender reassignment surgery.

A term used to identify individuals who are unsure about their gender identity.

A term denoting or relating to people who do not conform to prevailing expectations about gender, usually by crossing over or moving between gender identities.

Transgender is a term used to describe individuals who do not conform to traditional gender expectations by crossing over or moving between gender identities, it does not strictly adhere to traditional gender roles nor imply uncertainty about gender identity, and is not limited to individuals who have undergone gender reassignment surgery.

Explanation

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11. What does secularism refer to?

The requirement for all citizens to adhere to a specific religious doctrine.

The promotion of religious teachings in all aspects of society.

The belief in the superiority of one religion over others.

The belief that religion should not intrude into secular (worldly) affairs, usually reflected in the desire to separate the state from institutionalized religion.

Secularism advocates for the separation of state and religion, ensuring that governmental decisions are not influenced by religious beliefs.

Explanation

Secularism advocates for the separation of state and religion, ensuring that governmental decisions are not influenced by religious beliefs.

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12. What is the Secularization thesis?

A belief that secularism will eventually lead to the demise of all religions.

The theory that modernization is invariably accompanied by the victory of reason over religion and the displacement of spiritual values by secular ones.

A thesis proposing the increase of religious influence in modern societies due to globalization.

An ideology promoting the superiority of one particular religion over others in a society.

The correct answer defines the Secularization thesis as the theory that modernization leads to the dominance of secular values over religious ones, not the demise of all religions or the promotion of one specific religion. It also highlights the shift towards secularism, not the increase in religious influence due to globalization.

Explanation

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13. What is a theocracy?

A political system in which the people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual, such as a king or dictator.

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and individual states or regions.

Literally, rule by God; the principle that religious authority should prevail over political authority, usually through the domination of church over state.

A theocracy is a form of government where religious authority holds sway over political decisions, often with the church exerting control over the state.

Explanation

A theocracy is a form of government where religious authority holds sway over political decisions, often with the church exerting control over the state.

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14. What is the Clash of civilizations thesis?

The emergence of a universal culture that will erase all cultural differences.

The belief that conflicts in the future will be solely based on economic resources.

The idea that twenty-first century conflict will be primarily cultural in character, rather than ideological, political or economic (Huntington, 1996).

The theory that conflicts will be resolved through diplomatic negotiations only.

The Clash of civilizations thesis, proposed by Huntington in 1996, suggests that future conflicts will be more centered around cultural differences rather than other factors such as ideology or economics.

Explanation

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