Fundamentals of Cellular Biology and Microbial Diversity

1. Membranous organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, found in the modern Eukaryotic cell have originated from:

Algae

Prokaryotic cells

Viruses

Early Eukaryotic cells

Membranous organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts have their origins traced back to prokaryotic cells through endosymbiosis. This theory suggests that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by primitive eukaryotic cells, forming a symbiotic relationship.

Explanation

Membranous organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts have their origins traced back to prokaryotic cells through endosymbiosis. This theory suggests that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by primitive eukaryotic cells, forming a symbiotic relationship.

2. Fungi usually grow better in an environment with a pH of about

5

9

11

7

Fungi typically grow better in acidic environments, with a pH around 5 being optimal for their growth.

Explanation

Fungi typically grow better in acidic environments, with a pH around 5 being optimal for their growth.

3. Which of the following is an imprecise term used for any fungus forming a visible layer of mycelium and/or spores on solid surfaces but does not form macroscopic fruiting bodies?

Actinomycetes

Ray fungi

Yeast

Mould

Mould is a common term used to describe fungi that grow on various surfaces. While yeasts are single-celled fungi, Actinomycetes are a group of filamentous bacteria. 'Ray fungi' is not a commonly used term in mycology.

Explanation

Mould is a common term used to describe fungi that grow on various surfaces. While yeasts are single-celled fungi, Actinomycetes are a group of filamentous bacteria. 'Ray fungi' is not a commonly used term in mycology.

4. Yeasts are

Nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval

Filamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval

Nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically mycelial

Nonfilamentous, multicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval

Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding. They are nonfilamentous, meaning they do not form hyphae or mycelium. Yeasts are typically spherical or oval in shape.

Explanation

Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding. They are nonfilamentous, meaning they do not form hyphae or mycelium. Yeasts are typically spherical or oval in shape.

5. The universal tree of life originating from a universal ancestor has three main lines and these major lines are called.

Bacteria, Protozoa and Fungi

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

Prokarya, Archaea and Eukarya

Monera, Protista and Plantae

The correct answer refers to the three domains of life recognized in biological classification. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya are the main lines of the universal tree of life, each representing distinct groups of organisms with unique characteristics.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to the three domains of life recognized in biological classification. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya are the main lines of the universal tree of life, each representing distinct groups of organisms with unique characteristics.