Define The Following The Origins Of Cellular Life Quiz

The basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry among all living cells provide evidence of a common origin, as these fundamental components are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor.

Having thin, finger-like projections, such as microvilli or villi, increases the surface area of the cell without significantly increasing its volume, thereby allowing for more efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products.

The correct answer is 'Smallest cell are egg cells.' Nerve cells are actually the longest cells in the human body, red blood cells do not have a nucleus, and plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose not chitin.

Magnification is the correct term used to describe the ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object. It refers to how much larger an object appears compared to its actual size. The other three options - resolution, illumination, and refraction - are not specific to this concept and do not specifically describe the relationship between the size of the image and the actual size of the object when viewed under a microscope.

The correct answer differentiates the scanning electron microscope from the transmission electron microscope by highlighting its ability to provide a three-dimensional image, unlike the transmission electron microscope which gives a two-dimensional image.

Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus and various membranous organelles.

Membrane-bounded organelles provide a confined space where reactants are more concentrated and have a smaller distance to travel, allowing for faster interactions and reactions.

The endomembrane system includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, but peroxisomes are not directly part of this system.

Chromatin is the complex formed by DNA wrapped around histones, not ribosomes, cytoplasm, or golgi apparatus.

Nucleoli are specialized regions within the nucleus of a cell responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). This rRNA is essential for the synthesis of proteins within the cell, making it a crucial component of cellular function.

The most likely change that leads to a cell becoming cancerous, doubling DNA, and dividing rapidly occurs in the nucleus where genetic material is housed and replication occurs.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Without functional ribosomes, the process of protein synthesis will be halted, affecting various cellular functions dependent on proteins.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing lipids, not storing calcium ions, producing proteins, or breaking down cellular waste.

Proteins made on ribosomes are often transported to the Golgi complex for further modifications and sorting before reaching their final destination within or outside the cell.

The cis face of the Golgi complex is responsible for receiving vesicles from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) for further processing within the Golgi apparatus.

In the Golgi complex, the glycoprotein moves from the cis face to the trans face through the medial region before being secreted out of the cell.

The Golgi complex, also known as the Golgi apparatus, is responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids in the cell. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

During phagocytosis, the fusion of primary lysosomes with the phagocytic vesicle allows for the mixing of pathogens with strong hydrolytic enzymes that can break down and destroy the pathogens. This process is crucial for the immune system to eliminate the infection.

Plant vacuoles are known to perform various functions such as storage of waste products, maintenance of turgor pressure, and regulation of pH levels. However, they do not typically play a role in the storage of nucleic acids.

Peroxisomes are cellular organelles that primarily carry out detoxification reactions by breaking down toxic substances such as hydrogen peroxide. The incorrect answers do not align with the known functions of peroxisomes.

Apoptosis is a controlled process of cell death that involves mitochondria releasing pro-apoptotic factors. While the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus play important roles in various cellular functions, they are not directly involved in apoptosis like mitochondria.

Chloroplast is the correct answer as it is an organelle found only in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. Mitochondria is found in both plant and animal cells. Lysosome is a cell organelle found in animal cells. Centriole is also found in animal cells and plays a role in cell division.

Plant roots do not contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis and are primarily found in the leaves. Additionally, cell walls and vacuoles are common structures in plant cells, including those in roots.

The cytoskeleton is composed of different filamentous proteins, with microtubules being a crucial component. Actin filaments, ribosomes, and mitochondria are not part of the cytoskeleton structure.

The centrosome is an organelle that plays a key role in cell division by organizing the microtubules involved in the process. It is correctly matched with its definition of cell division. The incorrect answers do not match the provided definition of each organelle.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through while blocking others altogether.

Phospholipids actually contain two fatty acid chains, not three. The hydrophilic head of the phospholipid faces outward towards the water, while the hydrophobic tails are sandwiched in between, forming the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. Phospholipids are important for maintaining the structure and function of cells, as well as being involved in cellular signaling processes.

In a lipid bilayer, hydrophobic fatty acid tails face each other and exclude water due to their non-polar nature, which repels water molecules.

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. When placed in water, they naturally orient themselves into a bilayer structure due to this amphipathic nature.