F1-tii- Mid Term Test

A wetland is an area that is permanently or seasonally covered with water. Wetlands are characterized by the presence of waterlogged soils and the growth of specialized plants that are adapted to wet conditions. They play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing habitat for a wide range of plant and animal species. Wetlands also provide important ecosystem services such as water filtration, flood control, and carbon storage.

Reafforestation refers to the act of replanting trees in an area where they previously existed. This helps to restore the forest cover and replenish the trees that may have been lost due to deforestation or other reasons. It is an important activity to maintain the ecological balance and conserve forests.

The Martha Brae wetland is located in Jamaica.

Graeme Hall Swamp is located in Barbados. This is the correct answer because Barbados is a Caribbean island known for its diverse wildlife and natural beauty. The Graeme Hall Swamp is a significant wetland area in Barbados, home to a variety of bird species and other wildlife. It is an important ecological site and a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers.

Wetlands play a crucial role in purifying water and providing oxygen for the plants and animals that inhabit them. They act as natural filters, trapping sediment, pollutants, and excess nutrients from the water, thereby improving its quality. Additionally, wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that support a diverse range of plant and animal species. Through photosynthesis, the plants in wetlands release oxygen into the water, benefiting the aquatic organisms. Therefore, the statement that wetlands purify water and provide more oxygen for flora and fauna is true.

An ecosystem is a place where flora and fauna live and interact with both the living (biotic) and the non-living (abiotic) environment. It includes all the organisms in an area as well as the physical components of the environment such as air, water, and soil. Ecosystems can vary in size and can be found in various habitats, including wetlands, tropical rainforests, and coral reefs. In an ecosystem, there is a complex web of interactions between different species and their environment, which allows for the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients.

The statement is true because the Northern Range in Trinidad and Tobago is indeed one of the few remaining tracts of Virgin Rainforest. This means that the area has not been significantly disturbed or altered by human activities and remains in its natural state. The presence of Virgin Rainforest in the Northern Range is significant as it supports a diverse range of plant and animal species and contributes to the overall biodiversity of the region.

Latosols are the correct answer because they are commonly found in tropical rainforests. Latosols, also known as laterite soils, are typically reddish or yellowish in color and are formed in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. These soils are highly weathered and contain a high concentration of iron and aluminum oxides. They have a low fertility due to leaching of nutrients, but their high clay content allows them to retain water well. Latosols are well-suited for supporting the diverse vegetation found in tropical rainforests.

A forest is an environment with a distinct set of flora and fauna. This means that forests have a specific combination of plant and animal species that are unique to that environment. Forests are characterized by their dense vegetation and the diverse range of organisms that inhabit them. They provide a habitat for various plants and animals, creating a complex ecosystem. Forests can be found in different regions and climates, not limited to tropical areas.

The leaf litter layer is the most fertile layer in the rainforest because it is made up of decomposing plant material, such as fallen leaves, branches, and fruits. This layer provides nutrients to the soil as it decomposes, creating a rich environment for plant growth. Additionally, the leaf litter layer also acts as a protective covering for the soil, preventing erosion and helping to retain moisture. This layer plays a crucial role in supporting the diverse plant and animal life found in the rainforest ecosystem.

Mudflats are formed by the accumulation of alluvium in wetland areas. Alluvium refers to the sediment and silt that is carried by water and deposited in these areas. Over time, this accumulation forms mudflats, which are flat, muddy areas that are exposed during low tide and submerged during high tide. These mudflats are important habitats for various species of plants and animals, as they provide food and shelter. They also play a crucial role in filtering water and preventing erosion along the coast.

Elfin Woodland is located in the cloud forest. This means that it is situated within a specific type of forest known as the cloud forest. Cloud forests are characterized by their high altitude and the presence of persistent cloud cover, which creates a unique and moist environment. Elfin Woodland is likely to have adapted to the specific conditions found in the cloud forest, such as cooler temperatures and high levels of moisture.

The Caroni swamp is predominantly made up of red mangrove trees. Red mangroves are well-suited to swampy environments as they have specialized roots called pneumatophores that allow them to survive in oxygen-deprived soil. These trees are characterized by their dense, tangled root systems and vibrant red prop roots that provide stability in the muddy terrain. Red mangroves also play a crucial role in coastal ecosystems by providing habitat for various species, protecting against erosion, and filtering pollutants from the water.

The statement is false because tropical rainforests and equatorial rainforests are actually found near the equator, between 0 degrees latitude and 10 degrees latitude in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. They are not found between 30 N latitude and 45 N latitude.

Pawi is an endemic species to Trinidad.

Trees prevent erosion by intercepting rainfall, reducing the rate at which it hits the slope. This helps to prevent the force of the water from washing away the soil. Additionally, the roots of trees hold the soil together, providing stability and preventing it from being easily eroded. Trees also act as a windbreaker, reducing the impact of strong winds that can contribute to erosion.

Squatters, agricultural activity, and marine construction can all cause damage to wetlands. Squatters may encroach upon wetland areas, leading to habitat destruction and pollution. Agricultural activity, such as excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, can contaminate wetlands and disrupt their natural ecosystems. Marine construction, such as the building of piers or dredging, can alter the hydrology and physical structure of wetlands, impacting their ability to support diverse plant and animal species.

Coral growth does not require deep sea conditions, lots of sediment to hold the coral together, or being near harbours where lots of nutrients from boats are available. Coral growth does require temperatures approximately 27 degrees Celsius, sunlight must be able to penetrate the bottom, and shallow water.

The correct answer is "all of the above". This means that all three areas mentioned in the question - Invaders Bay in POS, Bayside Towers in West Moorings, and Scarborough Port in Tobago - have been reclaimed in Trinidad. Reclamation refers to the process of creating new land by filling in or draining water from an area. Therefore, all three locations mentioned have undergone this process of land reclamation.

The statement "There are warm as well as cold coral reefs in the world" does not belong because all other statements are about ways to protect or describe the environment, while this statement is a factual statement about coral reefs. The statement "Tropical rainforests are found between latitudes 0-30 degrees north and south of the equator" also does not belong because it is a factual statement about the location of rainforests, while the other statements are about ways to protect or describe the environment.