The 'Exam 3 File pt. 1' assesses key concepts in cellular metabolism, focusing on ATP roles, oxidation processes, fermentation, glycolysis, and electron transfer in respiration. This quiz is essential for students studying advanced biology or preparing for exams like AP, IB, or MCAT.
A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. redoxed.
D. hydrogenated.
E. hydrolyzed.
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A. Pyruvate oxidation
B. The citric acid cycle
C. Fermentation
D. An electron transport chain
E. All of the above
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A. glycolysis.
B. fermentation.
C. pyruvate oxidation.
D. the citric acid cycle.
E. chemiosmosis.
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A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. phosphorylated.
D. aerobic.
E. hydrolyzed.
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A. pyruvate.
B. the starting point for pyruvate oxidation.
C. the starting point for the fermentation pathway.
D. Both a and b
E. All of the above
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A. cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions.
B. hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen.
C. carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced.
D. block the release of energy to adjacent cells.
E. None of the above
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A. nucleus.
B. chloroplast.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. mitochondrion.
E. cytosol.
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A. creation of 38 molecules of ATP.
B. reduction of 8 molecules of NAD.
C. formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.
D. conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to lactic acid.
E. None of the above
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A. phosphate to a protein.
B. phosphate to a substrate.
C. phosphate to an ADP.
D. ATP to a protein.
E. phosphate from ATP to a substrate.
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A. glucose.
B. pyruvate.
C. acetyl CoA.
D. NADH + H+.
E. ATP synthase.
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A. an exergonic reaction.
B. an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis.
C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen.
D. cellular respiration.
E. None of the above
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A. hydrocarbons and the air.
B. the citric acid cycle.
C. glycolysis.
D. waste products.
E. All of the above
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A. a respiratory chain.
B. oxygen.
C. mitochondria.
D. chloroplasts.
E. NAD+.
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A. used to synthesize GTP.
B. used to reduce electron carriers.
C. lost as heat.
D. used to reduce pyruvate.
E. converted to kinetic energy.
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A. lactic acid.
B. 12 moles of ATP.
C. pyruvic acid.
D. an excessive amount of energy.
E. None of the above
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A. one
B. two
C. three
D. six
E. eight
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A. transport electrons.
B. ensure the production of water and oxygen.
C. regulate the passage of water through the chain.
D. oxidize NADH.
E. None of the above
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A. Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2.
B. Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.
C. Usually the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.
D. Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. All of the above
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A. combining of carbon dioxide with protons.
B. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
C. degradation of glucose to pyruvate.
D. reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
E. None of the above
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A. ATP synthase.
B. the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.
C. a metabolic pathway.
D. a redox reaction.
E. None of the above
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A. osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration.
B. the addition of protons to ADP and phosphate via enzymes.
C. oxidative phosphorylation.
D. a difference in H+ concentration on both sides of a membrane.
E. None of the above
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A. the electron transport chain.
B. the citric acid cycle.
C. glycolysis.
D. lactic acid fermentation.
E. alcoholic fermentation.
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A. the uncoupling of respiration by the protein thermogenin.
B. an increase in the rate of glycolysis.
C. shivering.
D. leakage of hydrogen ions across the cell’s plasma membrane.
E. cytochrome reductase.
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A. pyruvate.
B. fatty acids.
C. amino acids.
D. glucose.
E. oxaloacetate.
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A. electron carrier.
B. substrate.
C. allosteric activator.
D. acetate donor.
E. proton pump.
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A. pyruvate.
B. NAD.
C. proteins.
D. fatty acids.
E. lactic acid.
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A. Vertebrates
B. Mammalia
C. Fishes
D. Plants
E. All of the above
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A. reduction
B. dark reactions
C. carbon fixation
D. light reactions (or photophosphorylation)
E. None of the above
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A. Water is converted into hydrogen and water.
B. CO2 is converted into sugars.
C. Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme.
D. Nothing occurs; the plant rests in the dark.
E. None of the above
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A. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + O2
B. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
C. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
D. 12 CO2 + 12 H2O 2 C6H12O6 + 2 O2
E. None of the above
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A. the reaction requires CO2.
B. the reaction is exergonic.
C. the reaction requires ATP and NADPH + H+.
D. the reaction requires O2.
E. chlorophyll is not synthesized in the dark.
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A. a reducing agent.
B. a quantum.
C. a photon.
D. electromagnetic radiation.
E. a pigment.
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A. reduced.
B. absorbed.
C. converted to chemical energy.
D. scattered or transmitted.
E. used to synthesize ATP.
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A. bounce off the molecules, having no effect.
B. pass through the molecules, having no effect.
C. be absorbed by the molecules.
D. Both a and c
E. All of the above
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A. chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light.
B. chloroplasts transmit green light.
C. energized chlorophyll a emits green light.
D. plants possess green pigment.
E. chlorophylls absorb green light.
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A. loses its ability to generate any energy.
B. raises the molecule from a ground state of low energy to an excited state.
C. affects the molecule in ways that are not clearly understood.
D. causes a change in the velocity of the wavelengths.
E. None of the above
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A. chlorophyll s; chlorophyll a
B. chlorophyll x; chlorophyll y
C. retinal pigment; accessory pigment
D. chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b
E. None of the above
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A. a Planck equation.
B. an absorption spectrum.
C. enzyme kinetics.
D. an electromagnetic spectrum.
E. an action spectrum.
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A. play no role in photosynthesis.
B. transfer energy from chlorophyll to the electron transport chain.
C. absorb only the red wavelengths.
D. allow plants to absorb visible light of intermediate wavelengths.
E. transfer electrons to NADP.
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A. CO2.
B. glucose.
C. water.
D. CO.
E. bicarbonate ions.
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A. electron transport.
B. photolysis.
C. CO2 fixation.
D. reduction of O2.
E. glycolysis.
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A. occurs when the ratio of NADPH + H+ to NADP+ in the chloroplasts of some organisms is high.
B. is a series of redox reactions.
C. stores its released energy as a proton gradient.
D. is completed when the electron returns to P700+.
E. All of the above
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A. protons and electrons.
B. CO2 and glucose.
C. water and photons.
D. light and chlorophyll.
E. ATP and NADPH.
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A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 6
E. 12
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A. CO2
B. ATP
C. NADPH + H+
D. rubisco
E. All of the above
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A. CO2
B. O2
C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
D. 3-phosphoglycerate
E. NADPH
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A. Rubisco has 10 times more affinity for O2 than CO2; therefore, it favors O2 fixation.
B. If O2 is relatively abundant, rubisco acts as a carboxylase.
C. If O2 predominates, rubisco fixes it and the Calvin–Benson cycle occurs.
D. Photorespiration is more likely at low temperatures.
E. As the ratio of CO2 to O2 falls in the leaf, the reaction of rubisco with O2 is favored and photorespiration proceeds.
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A. in the dark only.
B. in the light only.
C. in all organisms except plants.
D. both with and without light.
E. None of the above
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