Exam 3 File Pt.1

50 Questions | Attempts: 111
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Jennifer swartz biology class


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 
    ATP is
    • A. 

      A. a short-term energy-storage compound.

    • B. 

      B. the cell's principal compound for energy transfers

    • C. 

      C. synthesized within mitochondria.

    • D. 

      D. the molecule all living cells rely on to do work.

    • E. 

      E. All of the above

  • 2. 
    When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes
    • A. 

      A. reduced.

    • B. 

      B. oxidized.

    • C. 

      C. redoxed.

    • D. 

      D. hydrogenated.

    • E. 

      E. hydrolyzed.

  • 3. 
    Which of the following processes occurs when oxygen is unavailable?
    • A. 

      A. Pyruvate oxidation

    • B. 

      B. The citric acid cycle

    • C. 

      C. Fermentation

    • D. 

      D. An electron transport chain

    • E. 

      E. All of the above

  • 4. 
    In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with
    • A. 

      A. glycolysis.

    • B. 

      B. fermentation.

    • C. 

      C. pyruvate oxidation.

    • D. 

      D. the citric acid cycle.

    • E. 

      E. chemiosmosis.

  • 5. 
    When NADH donates two electrons to ubiquinone during respiration, ubiquinone is
    • A. 

      A. reduced.

    • B. 

      B. oxidized.

    • C. 

      C. phosphorylated.

    • D. 

      D. aerobic.

    • E. 

      E. hydrolyzed.

  • 6. 
    The end product of glycolysis is
    • A. 

      A. pyruvate.

    • B. 

      B. the starting point for pyruvate oxidation.

    • C. 

      C. the starting point for the fermentation pathway.

    • D. 

      D. Both a and b

    • E. 

      E. All of the above

  • 7. 
    The function of NAD+ is to
    • A. 

      A. cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions.

    • B. 

      B. hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen.

    • C. 

      C. carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced.

    • D. 

      D. block the release of energy to adjacent cells.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 8. 
    In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the 
    • A. 

      A. nucleus.

    • B. 

      B. chloroplast.

    • C. 

      C. endoplasmic reticulum.

    • D. 

      D. mitochondrion.

    • E. 

      E. cytosol.

  • 9. 
    The end result of glycolysis is the
    • A. 

      A. creation of 38 molecules of ATP.

    • B. 

      B. reduction of 8 molecules of NAD.

    • C. 

      C. formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.

    • D. 

      D. conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to lactic acid.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 10. 
    Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a(n)
    • A. 

      A. phosphate to a protein.

    • B. 

      B. phosphate to a substrate.

    • C. 

      C. phosphate to an ADP.

    • D. 

      D. ATP to a protein.

    • E. 

      E. phosphate from ATP to a substrate.

  • 11. 
    The citric acid cycle begins with
    • A. 

      A. glucose.

    • B. 

      B. pyruvate.

    • C. 

      C. acetyl CoA.

    • D. 

      D. NADH + H+.

    • E. 

      E. ATP synthase.

  • 12. 
    The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of
    • A. 

      A. an exergonic reaction.

    • B. 

      B. an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis.

    • C. 

      C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen.

    • D. 

      D. cellular respiration.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 13. 
    Animals breathe in air containing oxygen and breathe out air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comes from
    • A. 

      A. hydrocarbons and the air.

    • B. 

      B. the citric acid cycle.

    • C. 

      C. glycolysis.

    • D. 

      D. waste products.

    • E. 

      E. All of the above

  • 14. 
    For glycolysis to continue, all cells require
    • A. 

      A. a respiratory chain.

    • B. 

      B. oxygen.

    • C. 

      C. mitochondria.

    • D. 

      D. chloroplasts.

    • E. 

      E. NAD+.

  • 15. 
    More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis, but only 1 mole of ATP is produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle. Most of the remaining free energy that is produced during the citric acid cycle is
    • A. 

      A. used to synthesize GTP.

    • B. 

      B. used to reduce electron carriers.

    • C. 

      C. lost as heat.

    • D. 

      D. used to reduce pyruvate.

    • E. 

      E. converted to kinetic energy.

  • 16. 
    In human muscle cells, the fermentation process produces
    • A. 

      A. lactic acid.

    • B. 

      B. 12 moles of ATP.

    • C. 

      C. pyruvic acid.

    • D. 

      D. an excessive amount of energy.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 17. 
    During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is _______ molecule(s).
    • A. 

      A. one

    • B. 

      B. two

    • C. 

      C. three

    • D. 

      D. six

    • E. 

      E. eight

  • 18. 
    The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, and IV), cytochrome c, and ubiquinone. The function of these molecules is to
    • A. 

      A. transport electrons.

    • B. 

      B. ensure the production of water and oxygen.

    • C. 

      C. regulate the passage of water through the chain.

    • D. 

      D. oxidize NADH.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 19. 
    Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?
    • A. 

      A. Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2.

    • B. 

      B. Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.

    • C. 

      C. Usually the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.

    • D. 

      D. Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    • E. 

      E. All of the above

  • 20. 
    Water is a by-product of cellular respiration. The water is produced as a result of the
    • A. 

      A. combining of carbon dioxide with protons.

    • B. 

      B. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

    • C. 

      C. degradation of glucose to pyruvate.

    • D. 

      D. reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 21. 
    The proton-motive force is
    • A. 

      A. ATP synthase.

    • B. 

      B. the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.

    • C. 

      C. a metabolic pathway.

    • D. 

      D. a redox reaction.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 22. 
    The chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by
    • A. 

      A. osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration.

    • B. 

      B. the addition of protons to ADP and phosphate via enzymes.

    • C. 

      C. oxidative phosphorylation.

    • D. 

      D. a difference in H+ concentration on both sides of a membrane.

    • E. 

      E. None of the above

  • 23. 
    The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is
    • A. 

      A. the electron transport chain.

    • B. 

      B. the citric acid cycle.

    • C. 

      C. glycolysis.

    • D. 

      D. lactic acid fermentation.

    • E. 

      E. alcoholic fermentation.

  • 24. 
    In some mammals, such as new born humans and hibernating animals, body temperature is raised by means of
    • A. 

      A. the uncoupling of respiration by the protein thermogenin.

    • B. 

      B. an increase in the rate of glycolysis.

    • C. 

      C. shivering.

    • D. 

      D. leakage of hydrogen ions across the cell’s plasma membrane.

    • E. 

      E. cytochrome reductase.

  • 25. 
    Before starch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolyzed to
    • A. 

      A. pyruvate.

    • B. 

      B. fatty acids.

    • C. 

      C. amino acids.

    • D. 

      D. glucose.

    • E. 

      E. oxaloacetate.

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