Jennifer swartz biology class
A. a short-term energy-storage compound.
B. the cell's principal compound for energy transfers
C. synthesized within mitochondria.
D. the molecule all living cells rely on to do work.
E. All of the above
A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. redoxed.
D. hydrogenated.
E. hydrolyzed.
A. Pyruvate oxidation
B. The citric acid cycle
C. Fermentation
D. An electron transport chain
E. All of the above
A. glycolysis.
B. fermentation.
C. pyruvate oxidation.
D. the citric acid cycle.
E. chemiosmosis.
A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. phosphorylated.
D. aerobic.
E. hydrolyzed.
A. pyruvate.
B. the starting point for pyruvate oxidation.
C. the starting point for the fermentation pathway.
D. Both a and b
E. All of the above
A. cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions.
B. hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen.
C. carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced.
D. block the release of energy to adjacent cells.
E. None of the above
A. nucleus.
B. chloroplast.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. mitochondrion.
E. cytosol.
A. creation of 38 molecules of ATP.
B. reduction of 8 molecules of NAD.
C. formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.
D. conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to lactic acid.
E. None of the above
A. phosphate to a protein.
B. phosphate to a substrate.
C. phosphate to an ADP.
D. ATP to a protein.
E. phosphate from ATP to a substrate.
A. glucose.
B. pyruvate.
C. acetyl CoA.
D. NADH + H+.
E. ATP synthase.
A. an exergonic reaction.
B. an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis.
C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen.
D. cellular respiration.
E. None of the above
A. hydrocarbons and the air.
B. the citric acid cycle.
C. glycolysis.
D. waste products.
E. All of the above
A. a respiratory chain.
B. oxygen.
C. mitochondria.
D. chloroplasts.
E. NAD+.
A. used to synthesize GTP.
B. used to reduce electron carriers.
C. lost as heat.
D. used to reduce pyruvate.
E. converted to kinetic energy.
A. lactic acid.
B. 12 moles of ATP.
C. pyruvic acid.
D. an excessive amount of energy.
E. None of the above
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. six
E. eight
A. transport electrons.
B. ensure the production of water and oxygen.
C. regulate the passage of water through the chain.
D. oxidize NADH.
E. None of the above
A. Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2.
B. Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.
C. Usually the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.
D. Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
E. All of the above
A. combining of carbon dioxide with protons.
B. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
C. degradation of glucose to pyruvate.
D. reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
E. None of the above
A. ATP synthase.
B. the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.
C. a metabolic pathway.
D. a redox reaction.
E. None of the above
A. osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration.
B. the addition of protons to ADP and phosphate via enzymes.
C. oxidative phosphorylation.
D. a difference in H+ concentration on both sides of a membrane.
E. None of the above
A. the electron transport chain.
B. the citric acid cycle.
C. glycolysis.
D. lactic acid fermentation.
E. alcoholic fermentation.
A. the uncoupling of respiration by the protein thermogenin.
B. an increase in the rate of glycolysis.
C. shivering.
D. leakage of hydrogen ions across the cell’s plasma membrane.
E. cytochrome reductase.
A. pyruvate.
B. fatty acids.
C. amino acids.
D. glucose.
E. oxaloacetate.
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