Exam 3 File Pt.1
Jennifer swartz biology class
- 1.ATP is
- A.
A. a short-term energy-storage compound.
- B.
B. the cell's principal compound for energy transfers
- C.
C. synthesized within mitochondria.
- D.
D. the molecule all living cells rely on to do work.
- E.
E. All of the above
- 2.When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes
- A.
A. reduced.
- B.
B. oxidized.
- C.
C. redoxed.
- D.
D. hydrogenated.
- E.
E. hydrolyzed.
- 3.Which of the following processes occurs when oxygen is unavailable?
- A.
A. Pyruvate oxidation
- B.
B. The citric acid cycle
- C.
C. Fermentation
- D.
D. An electron transport chain
- E.
E. All of the above
- 4.In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with
- A.
A. glycolysis.
- B.
B. fermentation.
- C.
C. pyruvate oxidation.
- D.
D. the citric acid cycle.
- E.
E. chemiosmosis.
- 5.When NADH donates two electrons to ubiquinone during respiration, ubiquinone is
- A.
A. reduced.
- B.
B. oxidized.
- C.
C. phosphorylated.
- D.
D. aerobic.
- E.
E. hydrolyzed.
- 6.The end product of glycolysis is
- A.
A. pyruvate.
- B.
B. the starting point for pyruvate oxidation.
- C.
C. the starting point for the fermentation pathway.
- D.
D. Both a and b
- E.
E. All of the above
- 7.The function of NAD+ is to
- A.
A. cause the release of energy to adjacent cells when energy is needed in aerobic conditions.
- B.
B. hasten the release of energy when the cell has been deprived of oxygen.
- C.
C. carry hydrogen atoms and free energy from compounds being oxidized and to give hydrogen atoms and free energy to compounds being reduced.
- D.
D. block the release of energy to adjacent cells.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 8.In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the
- A.
A. nucleus.
- B.
B. chloroplast.
- C.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
- D.
D. mitochondrion.
- E.
E. cytosol.
- 9.The end result of glycolysis is the
- A.
A. creation of 38 molecules of ATP.
- B.
B. reduction of 8 molecules of NAD.
- C.
C. formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.
- D.
D. conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to lactic acid.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 10.Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a(n)
- A.
A. phosphate to a protein.
- B.
B. phosphate to a substrate.
- C.
C. phosphate to an ADP.
- D.
D. ATP to a protein.
- E.
E. phosphate from ATP to a substrate.
- 11.The citric acid cycle begins with
- A.
A. glucose.
- B.
B. pyruvate.
- C.
C. acetyl CoA.
- D.
D. NADH + H+.
- E.
E. ATP synthase.
- 12.The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of
- A.
A. an exergonic reaction.
- B.
B. an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis.
- C.
C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen.
- D.
D. cellular respiration.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 13.Animals breathe in air containing oxygen and breathe out air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comes from
- A.
A. hydrocarbons and the air.
- B.
B. the citric acid cycle.
- C.
C. glycolysis.
- D.
D. waste products.
- E.
E. All of the above
- 14.For glycolysis to continue, all cells require
- A.
A. a respiratory chain.
- B.
B. oxygen.
- C.
C. mitochondria.
- D.
D. chloroplasts.
- E.
E. NAD+.
- 15.More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis, but only 1 mole of ATP is produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle. Most of the remaining free energy that is produced during the citric acid cycle is
- A.
A. used to synthesize GTP.
- B.
B. used to reduce electron carriers.
- C.
C. lost as heat.
- D.
D. used to reduce pyruvate.
- E.
E. converted to kinetic energy.
- 16.In human muscle cells, the fermentation process produces
- A.
A. lactic acid.
- B.
B. 12 moles of ATP.
- C.
C. pyruvic acid.
- D.
D. an excessive amount of energy.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 17.During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is _______ molecule(s).
- A.
A. one
- B.
B. two
- C.
C. three
- D.
D. six
- E.
E. eight
- 18.The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, and IV), cytochrome c, and ubiquinone. The function of these molecules is to
- A.
A. transport electrons.
- B.
B. ensure the production of water and oxygen.
- C.
C. regulate the passage of water through the chain.
- D.
D. oxidize NADH.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 19.Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?
- A.
A. Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2.
- B.
B. Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions.
- C.
C. Usually the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.
- D.
D. Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- E.
E. All of the above
- 20.Water is a by-product of cellular respiration. The water is produced as a result of the
- A.
A. combining of carbon dioxide with protons.
- B.
B. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- C.
C. degradation of glucose to pyruvate.
- D.
D. reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 21.The proton-motive force is
- A.
A. ATP synthase.
- B.
B. the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.
- C.
C. a metabolic pathway.
- D.
D. a redox reaction.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 22.The chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by
- A.
A. osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration.
- B.
B. the addition of protons to ADP and phosphate via enzymes.
- C.
C. oxidative phosphorylation.
- D.
D. a difference in H+ concentration on both sides of a membrane.
- E.
E. None of the above
- 23.The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is
- A.
A. the electron transport chain.
- B.
B. the citric acid cycle.
- C.
C. glycolysis.
- D.
D. lactic acid fermentation.
- E.
E. alcoholic fermentation.
- 24.In some mammals, such as new born humans and hibernating animals, body temperature is raised by means of
- A.
A. the uncoupling of respiration by the protein thermogenin.
- B.
B. an increase in the rate of glycolysis.
- C.
C. shivering.
- D.
D. leakage of hydrogen ions across the cell’s plasma membrane.
- E.
E. cytochrome reductase.
- 25.Before starch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolyzed to
- A.
A. pyruvate.
- B.
B. fatty acids.
- C.
C. amino acids.
- D.
D. glucose.
- E.
E. oxaloacetate.
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