ER: Transfusion Medicine

1. Packed red blood cells are a good source of hemoglobin.

True

False

2. Blood typing is based on _ by .

Serological identification, agglutination reactions

Trial and error, tranfusion

Serological identification, transfusion

Trial and error, sensitization

3. Post-transfusion blood work should be done after 1 hour.

True

False

4. Dilution factor for blood collection.

35 mL CPDA to 450 mL blood

30 mL CPDA to 450 mL blood

5 mL CPDA to 10 mL blood

1:1 ratio

5. DDAVP boosted plasma increases coagulation factors ______.

VIII and VonWillebrands

V and VI

V and VonWillebrands

VoksWagen and VonWillyNilly

6. Packed red blood cells are obtained following _ of whole blood and removal of _.

Centrifugation, plasma

Centrifugation, serum

CBC, plasma

Hemolysis, hemoglobin

7. Blood product should be SLOWLY warmed to around _____.

37 C

36 C

32 C

38 C

8. When blood positive for DEA 1.1 is transfused into a DEA 1.1 negative dog, the process is called ____.

Sensitization

Desensitization

Delayed transfusion

Bad idea

9. Transfusion volume equation for kitties.

Donor Blood= 70 x (recipient weight x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 40 x (recipient PCV x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 70 x (recipient weight x desired hematocrit) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 80 x (recipient weight x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor weight)

10. Why is it fatal to give type A blood to type B cats?

Type B cats have strong anti-A antibodies

Type B cats have weak anti-A antibodies

It's not fatal

Type B and type A hate each other

11. Major crossmatch involves comparing to to test for alloantibodies. It is the most important crossmatch.

Donor erythrocytes, recipient plasma

Donor plasma, recipient erythrocytes

Donor serum, recipient plasma

Donor erythrocytes, recipient erythrocytes

12. Minor crossmatch compares _ and _. It is done very often.

Donor plasma, recipient erythrocytes

Donor erythrocytes, recipient plasma

Donor serum, recipient plasma

Donor plasma, recipient plasma

13. Transfusion volume equation for pooches.

Donor Blood= 80 x (recipient weight x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 40 x (recipient PCV x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 70 x (recipient weight x desired PCV) - (recipient weight/ donor PCV)

Donor Blood= 90 x (recipient weight x desired PCV) - (recipient PCV/ donor PCV)

14. Delayed hemolytic reaction is usually very symptomatic.

True

False

Asymptomatic.

Explanation

Asymptomatic.

15. Plasma doesn't contain any coagulation factors.

True

False

It doesn't contain certain coag factors (V, VIII, von Willebrand).

Explanation

It doesn't contain certain coag factors (V, VIII, von Willebrand).

16. All blood product administration sets must have a attached to the IV to prevent from reaching the patient and causing a pulmonary embolism.

Filter, clots/debris

Stopcock, air bubbles

Filter, air bubbles

Stopcock, clots/debris

17. What's the most important thing to remember about open system blood collection?

Administer this blood immediately

Store this blood immediately

This sample almost always gets hemolyzed

I don't remember what I had for breakfast

18. Dogs can donate _, cats can donate ____.

20 mL/kg, 10-15 mL/kg

20 mL/kg, 10-20 mL/kg

15 mL/kg, 7-8 mL/kg

30 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg

19. During transfusion, ensure _ does not exceed maintenance to avoid ___.

Total fluid rate,fluid overload

Total fluid rate, dehydration

Total fluid delivered, hemolytic reactions

Surgical rate, fluid overload

20. Platelet support is necessary in life threatening cases with conditions associated with ____.

Thombocytopenia or thrombocytopathy

Anamia

Thrombocytopenia or anemia

DIC

21. Maximum delivery for transfusions.

22 mL/Kg/Hr

52 mL/Kg/Hr

12 mL/Kg/Hr

62 mL/Kg/Hr

22. Ideal blood donors. Canines should weigh _ and felines _.

>25 kg, >4.5 kg

>20 kg, >4.5 kg

>25 kg, >3.5 kg

>20 kg, >3.5 kg

23. Transfusion reactions. Hemolytic/allergic reactions, pyrexic/non hemolytic, acute pulmonary signs.

Acute immune-mediated reactions (0-48 hours)

Acute non immune-mediated reactions (0-48 hours)

Delayed immune-mediated reactions (>48 hours)

Delayed non immune-mediated reactions (>48 hours)

24. Ideal blood donors should be ______.

1-5 years old

1-3 years old

5-8 years old

4-6 years old

25. Take home message.

Type A cat+donor Type B

Type B cat+donor Type A

Submit

26. If no reaction occurs after the first 15 minute, you can increase the transfusion rate to ______.

4-6 mL/Kg/Hr

3-6 mL/Kg/Hr

2-6 mL/Kg/Hr

6-8 mL/Kg/Hr

27. Cats are always _____ for blood collection.

Fasted and anesthetized

Sedated

In standing position

Muzzled

28. You can adminsiter ________ or the first 15 minutes.

0.25 mL/Kg/Hr

0.35 mL/Kg/Hr

0.45 mL/Kg/Hr

0.5 mL/Kg/Hr

29. Transfusion rule of thumb: Each _ (recipient) of transfused whole blood will increase hematocrit by .

2.2 mL/Kg, 1%

2.2 mL/Kg, 2 %

5.5 mL/Kg, 5 %

3.3 mL/Kg, 3 %

30. Your patient has angioedema, hives, V/D, hypotension. What do you suspect?

Acute Immune-Mediated reaction (allergic)

Acute Immune-Mediated reaction (hemolytic)

Acute Immune-Mediated reaction (pyrexic)

Acute non immune-mediated reaction

31. Fresh frozen plasma is obtained following centrifugation of whole blood within ___ following collection. It can last up to 1 year .

6-8 hours, frozen

6-8 hours, at room temperature

3-4 hours, frozen

3-4 hours, refrigerated

32. Hemolytic Acute immune-mediated reactions can be _, and you will observe a rapid _.

Fatal, increase in bilirubin

Fatal, decrease in bilirubin

Cured, increase in BUN

Cured, decrease in BUN

33. Transfusion reactions.Fluid overload, citrate intoxication, hypothermia, bacterial contamination.

Acute non immune-mediated reactions (0-48 hours)

Acute immune-mediated reactions (0 to 48 hours)

Delayed immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

Delayed non immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

34. Transfusion reactions. Delayed hemolytic reaction, post-transfusion purpura, neonatal isoerythrolysis.

Delayed immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

Acute immune-mediated reactions (0 to 48 hours)

Acute non immune-mediated reactions (0 to 48 hours)

Delayed non immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

35. ____ of cats are type A.

95%

99%

90%

96%

36. Platelet Rich Plasma and concentrate is useful in severe _____.

ITP

DIC

IPPV

RVT

37. When is plasma support necessary? (select all that apply)

Hemorrhage associated with decreased coagulation factor activity

Surgery necessary in patient with decreased coagulation factor activity

Severe hypoproteineimia

Severe hematuria

As a colloid replacement for hypovolemic shock

Submit

38. Transfusion reactions. Infectious disease transmission.

Delayed non immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

Acute non immune-mediated reactions (0 to 48 hours)

Acute immune-mediated reactions (0 to 48 hours)

Delayed immune-mediated reactions (> 48 hours)

39. Which anticoagulant is found in closed system canine blood collection bags?

CPDA-1

CPDA

EDTA-1

Lithium heparin

40. Fluid overload presents with increased _, jugular distension, and .

HR and RR, cough/dyspnea

HR, dyspnea

RR, hypotension

HR and RR, hypertension

41. Packed red blood cell products are used for ______ patients.

Normovolemic and anemic

Anemic

Thrombocytopenic

DIC

42. If IP is used for administering blood to neonates, ________ of the transfusion will be absorbed.

50%

60%

40%

55%

43. Whole blood products.

Fresh whole blood

Non fresh whole blood

Conservation

Use

Fresh:: also immunoglobulins and oncotic support

Explanation

Fresh:: also immunoglobulins and oncotic support

Submit

44. Bacterial contamination reaction will present with , V/D, __ and DIC.

Fever, hypotension

Fever, hypertension

Hives, hypotension

Hives, hypertension

45. Which of the transfusion reactions is rare?

Post-transfusion purpura

Delayed hemolytic reaction

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

None of them

46. Transfusion blood can be mixed with NaCl 0.9%. containing fluids could potentiate _.

Calcium, blood clotting

Sodium, blood clotting

Calcium, hemolytic reactions

Sodium, hemolytic reactions

47. Select the functions of albumin.

Maintanance of colloid oncotic pressure

Substrate transport

Buffering capacity

Mediator of coagulation

Wound healing

Making Oreo McFlurry

Submit

48. Fresh frozen plasma is used for acute/chronic hyperalbuminemia.

True

False

HyPOalbuminemia

Explanation

HyPOalbuminemia

49. Select the diseases that can be transmitted through a blood transfusion.

FIV/FeLV

Toxoplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis

Babesiosis

Erlichiosis

Feline Herpes virus

Submit

50. Select the instances when Red Cell support is necessary.

PCV drops rapidly to less than 15-20% in dogs and 15 % in cats

Blood volume loss greater than 30%

Blood loss associated with clinical symptoms

Ongoing hemorrhage

Poor response to shock therapy

Routine surgery

Submit

51. Giving A+ blood to an A- dog may cause ______.

A delayed mild reaction

A severe hemolytic reaction

A mild hemolytic reaction

Nothing

52. Hypoalbuminemia contributes to the development of , _, hypercoaguability, and multiple organ dysfunction.

Pulmonary edema, delayed wound healing

Congestive heart failure, delayed wound healing

Pulmonary edema, hypoglycemia

Cupcakes, muffins

53. You can give blood to a dog with little consequences

A negative, A positive

DEA 1.1 negative, DEA 1.1 Positive

A negative, DEA 1.1 negative

A positive, DEA 1.1 negative

54. Select the elements that should be present on a blood product label.

Content

Date of collection + expiry date

Volume

PCV (if applicable)

Donor identification

Recipient identification

Method of storage

Submit

55. Treating transfusion reactions. (other than stopping/decreasing transfusion)

A. immune-mediated (Hemolytic)

A. immune-mediated (Allergic)

A. immune-mediated (Pyrexic)

A. non immune-mediated (Overload)

A. non immune-mediated (Bacterial)

Delayed hemolytic reaction

Post-transfusion purpura

Submit

56. How much do we transfuse?

pRBC

Plasma

DDAVP

Human albumin

Submit

Er: Transfusion Medicine

1. Packed red blood cells are a good source of hemoglobin.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Blood typing is based on _______ by ______.

3. Post-transfusion blood work should be done after 1 hour.

4. Dilution factor for blood collection.

5. DDAVP boosted plasma increases coagulation factors ______.

6. Packed red blood cells are obtained following _______ of whole blood and removal of _______.

7. Blood product should be SLOWLY warmed to around _____.

8. When blood positive for DEA 1.1 is transfused into a DEA 1.1 negative dog, the process is called ____.

9. Transfusion volume equation for kitties.

10. Why is it fatal to give type A blood to type B cats?

11. Major crossmatch involves comparing ______ to ______ to test for alloantibodies. It is the most important crossmatch.

12. Minor crossmatch compares _____ and _____. It is done very often.

13. Transfusion volume equation for pooches.

14. Delayed hemolytic reaction is usually very symptomatic.

15. Plasma doesn't contain any coagulation factors.

16. All blood product administration sets must have a ______ attached to the IV to prevent ______ from reaching the patient and causing a pulmonary embolism.

17. What's the most important thing to remember about open system blood collection?

18. Dogs can donate _____, cats can donate ________.

19. During transfusion, ensure _____ does not exceed maintenance to avoid _______.

20. Platelet support is necessary in life threatening cases with conditions associated with ____.

21. Maximum delivery for transfusions.

22. Ideal blood donors. Canines should weigh _____ and felines _____.

23. Transfusion reactions. Hemolytic/allergic reactions, pyrexic/non hemolytic, acute pulmonary signs.

24. Ideal blood donors should be ______.

25. Take home message.

26. If no reaction occurs after the first 15 minute, you can increase the transfusion rate to ______.

27. Cats are always _____ for blood collection.

28. You can adminsiter ________ or the first 15 minutes.

29. Transfusion rule of thumb: Each _____ (recipient) of transfused whole blood will increase hematocrit by ____.

30. Your patient has angioedema, hives, V/D, hypotension. What do you suspect?

31. Fresh frozen plasma is obtained following centrifugation of whole blood within _______ following collection. It can last up to 1 year ____.

32. Hemolytic Acute immune-mediated reactions can be _____, and you will observe a rapid _____.

33. Transfusion reactions.Fluid overload, citrate intoxication, hypothermia, bacterial contamination.

34. Transfusion reactions. Delayed hemolytic reaction, post-transfusion purpura, neonatal isoerythrolysis.

35. ____ of cats are type A.

36. Platelet Rich Plasma and concentrate is useful in severe _____.

37. When is plasma support necessary? (select all that apply)

38. Transfusion reactions. Infectious disease transmission.

39. Which anticoagulant is found in closed system canine blood collection bags?

40. Fluid overload presents with increased _______, jugular distension, and ______.

41. Packed red blood cell products are used for ______ patients.

42. If IP is used for administering blood to neonates, ________ of the transfusion will be absorbed.

43. Whole blood products.

44. Bacterial contamination reaction will present with ____, V/D, ______ and DIC.

45. Which of the transfusion reactions is rare?

46. Transfusion blood can be mixed with NaCl 0.9%. ____ containing fluids could potentiate _____.

47. Select the functions of albumin.

48. Fresh frozen plasma is used for acute/chronic hyperalbuminemia.

49. Select the diseases that can be transmitted through a blood transfusion.

50. Select the instances when Red Cell support is necessary.

51. Giving A+ blood to an A- dog may cause ______.

52. Hypoalbuminemia contributes to the development of ______, _______, hypercoaguability, and multiple organ dysfunction.

53. You can give ______ blood to a ______ dog with little consequences

54. Select the elements that should be present on a blood product label.

55. Treating transfusion reactions. (other than stopping/decreasing transfusion)

56. How much do we transfuse?

2. Blood typing is based on _ by .

6. Packed red blood cells are obtained following _ of whole blood and removal of _.

11. Major crossmatch involves comparing to to test for alloantibodies. It is the most important crossmatch.

12. Minor crossmatch compares _ and _. It is done very often.

16. All blood product administration sets must have a attached to the IV to prevent from reaching the patient and causing a pulmonary embolism.

18. Dogs can donate _, cats can donate ____.

19. During transfusion, ensure _ does not exceed maintenance to avoid ___.

22. Ideal blood donors. Canines should weigh _ and felines _.

29. Transfusion rule of thumb: Each _ (recipient) of transfused whole blood will increase hematocrit by .

31. Fresh frozen plasma is obtained following centrifugation of whole blood within ___ following collection. It can last up to 1 year .

32. Hemolytic Acute immune-mediated reactions can be _, and you will observe a rapid _.

40. Fluid overload presents with increased _, jugular distension, and .

44. Bacterial contamination reaction will present with , V/D, __ and DIC.

46. Transfusion blood can be mixed with NaCl 0.9%. containing fluids could potentiate _.

52. Hypoalbuminemia contributes to the development of , _, hypercoaguability, and multiple organ dysfunction.

53. You can give blood to a dog with little consequences