Diabetes Mellitus is the correct answer because it is a condition that occurs due to a deficiency of insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and the presence of glucose in the urine (glucosuria). In this condition, the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, leading to various symptoms and complications.

This answer is correct because goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is commonly caused by an iodine-deficient diet, which leads to the overgrowth or hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. This can result in a visibly swollen neck and can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing. Cretinism refers to a condition caused by severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability. Tetany is a condition characterized by muscle spasms and twitching, often caused by low levels of calcium in the blood. None of these conditions specifically involve the enlargement of the thyroid gland like goiter does.

If untreated, Addison's Disease progresses to adrenal shock. Addison's Disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, specifically cortisol and aldosterone. Adrenal shock occurs when the adrenal glands are unable to produce enough hormones to maintain normal bodily functions, leading to a life-threatening situation. Therefore, the correct answer is Addison's Disease.

Diabetes insipidus is the correct answer because it is a condition caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, so when there is a deficiency, excessive amounts of water are excreted as urine. This leads to the person urinating up to 25 liters of pale urine per day, which is a characteristic symptom of diabetes insipidus. Acromegaly, myxedema, and cretinism are unrelated conditions and do not result in excessive urination.

Diabetes Mellitus is the correct answer because it is a condition that is treated with replacement doses of insulin. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either the body's inability to produce enough insulin or the inability to use insulin effectively. Insulin replacement therapy is a common treatment for diabetes mellitus, where insulin is administered to regulate blood sugar levels. Diabetes Insipidus is a different condition characterized by excessive thirst and urine production, while Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland.

Addison's Disease is the correct answer because it is a condition caused by a deficiency of adrenal cortical steroids. This condition occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms of Addison's Disease include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to replace the deficient hormones. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive production of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Giantism is a condition characterized by excessive growth due to an overproduction of growth hormone. Cretinism is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability.

If untreated, diabetes mellitus can progress to ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes where the body starts breaking down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones. This can cause a buildup of acid in the blood, leading to a dangerous imbalance. Therefore, the correct answer is Diabetes Mellitus.

Dwarfism is the correct answer because it is a condition caused by hyposecretion of somatotropic hormone in a child. This hormone is responsible for the growth and development of bones and tissues. When there is a deficiency of this hormone, it leads to stunted growth and short stature, which is characteristic of dwarfism. Giantism, on the other hand, is caused by hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone, leading to excessive growth. Acromegaly is a condition that occurs in adults due to excessive secretion of the hormone after the closure of growth plates. Tetany is unrelated to the somatotropic hormone and is caused by low levels of calcium in the blood.

Cushing's Syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high doses of steroids. This leads to a group of signs and symptoms, such as weight gain, round face, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, and thinning of the skin. The excessive use of steroids disrupts the body's hormonal balance, resulting in the development of Cushing's Syndrome. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are unrelated conditions caused by different factors, while Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland.

Exophthalmos is the correct answer because it refers to the bulging or protruding eyes that are commonly seen in individuals with hyperthyroidism. This condition is caused by an autoimmune disorder known as Grave's Disease, which leads to an overactive thyroid gland. The excessive production of thyroid hormones causes inflammation and swelling of the tissues behind the eyes, resulting in the characteristic bulging appearance. Exophthalmos is a distinct symptom of hyperthyroidism and is not associated with goiter or acromegaly.

Cretinism is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where an infant is born with a deficiency of thyroid hormones. This hormonal deficiency leads to severe delays in both physical and mental development. Acromegaly and giantism are not relevant to this scenario, as they involve excessive growth hormone production and do not relate to thyroid hormone deficiency.

Antithyroid drugs and surgery are used to treat Grave's Disease, a form of hyperthyroidism. Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Antithyroid drugs help to reduce the production of these hormones, while surgery may be necessary to remove a part or all of the thyroid gland. This treatment approach aims to normalize the thyroid hormone levels and alleviate symptoms associated with Grave's Disease.

Addison's disease is a deficiency disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. If left untreated, this condition can progress to adrenal shock, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and severe dehydration. Therefore, the given statement suggests that if Addison's disease is not treated, it can lead to adrenal shock.

Myxedema is the correct answer because it refers to the adult form of hypothyroidism that is treated with thyroid hormone. Myxedema occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and swelling of the face and hands. Treatment with thyroid hormone replacement therapy can help alleviate these symptoms and restore normal thyroid hormone levels in the body. Tetany, acromegaly, and giantism are unrelated conditions and do not involve hypothyroidism or its treatment.

Tetany is characterized by sustained muscle contraction and an inability to breathe. This condition is caused by low levels of calcium in the blood, leading to muscle spasms and difficulty in breathing. Cretinism, on the other hand, is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland, resulting in stunted physical and mental growth. Myxedema is a condition caused by severe hypothyroidism, leading to swelling of the skin and other symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is Tetany.

Giantism is the correct answer because it is a condition caused by the hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone (also known as growth hormone) in a child. This excessive secretion of growth hormone leads to abnormal and excessive growth, resulting in the individual being much taller than average. This condition typically occurs before the closure of the growth plates in the long bones, which is why it affects children. Myxedema is a condition caused by hypothyroidism, while dwarfism is characterized by abnormally short stature.

Acromegaly is the correct answer because it is a condition caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults, after the fusion of the epiphyseal discs. This excessive growth hormone leads to the enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face. Unlike gigantism, which occurs during childhood when the epiphyseal discs are still open, acromegaly occurs after the fusion of these discs. Cretinism is a condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism, and Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, neither of which are associated with the hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Addison's Disease is a condition characterized by the insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands. One of the key hormones affected is cortisol, a type of steroid. In Addison's Disease, replacement doses of steroids, including mineralocorticoids, are necessary to compensate for the hormonal deficiency. This helps to manage symptoms and maintain proper hormone balance in the body. Therefore, the given explanation aligns with Addison's Disease as the correct answer.

The correct answer is Myxedema and Cretinism. Myxedema is a condition characterized by severe hypothyroidism, resulting in swelling of the skin and tissues. Cretinism is a congenital form of hypothyroidism that occurs in infants, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability. Both conditions require replacement doses of T3 and T4, as the thyroid gland is not producing enough hormones.

Pheochromocytoma is a condition that results from a tumor of the adrenal medulla. This tumor causes excessive secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to episodes of very high blood pressure. These episodes can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism, while Cushing's Syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol hormone. None of these conditions directly cause the characteristic symptoms of a tumor in the adrenal medulla, making Pheochromocytoma the correct answer.