Endocrine System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 97

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Questions: 10 | Attempts: 3,656 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

A client is taking NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse instructs the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:
- A.
  
  2-4 hours after administration
- B.
  
  6-14 hours after administration
- C.
  
  16-18 hours after administration
- D.
  
  18-24 hours after administration
Correct Answer
B. 6-14 hours after administration

Explanation
NPH is intermediate acting insulin. The onset of action is 1-2 hours. it peaks in 6-14 hours. and it’s duration of action is 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions most likely occur during peak time.

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2.

An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with DM. The client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump:
- A.
  
  Gives small continuous dose of regular insulin subcutaneously. and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dosage from the pump before each meal.
- B.
  
  Is timed to release programmed doses of regular or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals.
- C.
  
  Is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular insulin into the pancreas. which in turn releases the insulin into the bloodstream.
- D.
  
  Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer
A. Gives small continuous dose of regular insulin subcutaneously. and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dosage from the pump before each meal.

Explanation
An insulin pump provides a small continuous dose of regular insulin subcutaneously throughout the day and night. and the client can self-administer a bolus with additional dosage from the pump before each meal as needed. Regular insulin is used in an insulin pump. An external pump is not attached surgically to the pancreas.

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3.

A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated in the ER. Which finding would a nurse expect to note as confirming this diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Elevated blood glucose level and a low plasma bicarbonate
- B.
  
  Decreased urine output
- C.
  
  Increased respirations and an increase in pH
- D.
  
  Comatose state
Correct Answer
A. Elevated blood glucose level and a low plasma bicarbonate

Explanation
In diabetic acidosis. the arterial pH is less than 7.35. plasma bicarbonate is less than 15mEq/L. and the blood glucose level is higher than 250mg/dl and ketones are present in the blood and urine. The client would be experiencing polyuria. and Kussmaul’s respirations would be present. A comatose state may occur if DKA is not treated. but coma would not confirm the diagnosis

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4.

A client with DM demonstrates acute anxiety when first admitted for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The most appropriate intervention to decrease the client’s anxiety would be to:
- A.
  
  Administer a sedative
- B.
  
  Make sure the client knows all the correct medical terms to understand what is happening.
- C.
  
  Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety so that they will soon disappear
- D.
  
  Convey empathy. trust. and respect toward the client.
Correct Answer
D. Convey empathy. trust. and respect toward the client.

Explanation
The most appropriate intervention is to address the client’s feelings related to the anxiety. Administering a sedative is not the most appropriate intervention. The nurse should not ignore the client’s anxious feelings. A client will not relate to medical terms. particularly when anxiety exists.

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5.

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with DM who has hyperglycemia. The priority nursing diagnosis would be:
- A.
  
  High risk for deficient fluid volume
- B.
  
  Deficient knowledge: disease process and treatment
- C.
  
  Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
- D.
  
  Disabled family coping: compromised.
Correct Answer
A. High risk for deficient fluid volume

Explanation
Increased blood glucose will cause the kidneys to excrete the glucose on the urine. This glucose is accompanied by fluids and electrolytes. causing osmotic diuresis leading to dehydration. This fluid loss must be replaced when it becomes severe. Options B. C. and D are not related specifically to the issue of the question.

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6.

A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the ER with DKA. In the acute phase the priority nursing action is to prepare to:
- A.
  
  Administer regular insulin intravenously
- B.
  
  Administer 5% dextrose intravenously
- C.
  
  Correct the acidosis
- D.
  
  Apply an electrocardiogram monitor.
Correct Answer
A. Administer regular insulin intravenously

Explanation
Lack (absolute or relative) of insulin is the primary cause of DK1. Treatment consists of insulin administration (regular insulin). IV fluid administration (normal saline initially). and potassium replacement. followed by correcting acidosis. Applying an electrocardiogram monitor is not a priority action.

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7.

A nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 DM. Findings include a fasting blood glucose of 120mg/dl. temperature of 101. pulse of 88. respirations of 22. and a bp of 140/84. Which finding would be of most concern of the nurse?
- A.
  
  Pulse
- B.
  
  BP
- C.
  
  Respiration
- D.
  
  Temperature
Correct Answer
D. Temperature

Explanation
An elevated temperature may indicate infection. Infection is a leading cause of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome or diabetic ketoacidosis.

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8.

A client with type 1 DM calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia with exercise. Which statement by the client indicated an inadequate understanding of the peak action of NPH insulin and exercise?
- A.
  
  “The best time for me to exercise is every afternoon.”
- B.
  
  “The best time for me to exercise is right after I eat.”
- C.
  
  “The best time for me to exercise is after breakfast.”
- D.
  
  “The best time for me to exercise is after my morning snack.”
Correct Answer
A. “The best time for me to exercise is every afternoon.”

Explanation
A hypoglycemic reaction may occur in the response to increased exercise. Clients should avoid exercise during the peak time of insulin. NPH insulin peaks at 6-14 hours; therefore afternoon exercise will occur during the peak of the medication. Options B. C. and D do not address peak action times.

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9.

A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client’s diabetes previously had been well controlled with glyburide (Diabeta). 5 mg PO daily. but recently the fasting blood glucose has been running 180-200mg/dl. Which medication. if added to the clients regimen. may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
- A.
  
  Prednisone (Deltasone)
- B.
  
  Atenolol (Tenormin)
- C.
  
  Phenelzine (Nardil)
- D.
  
  Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer
A. Prednisone (Deltasone)

Explanation
Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics. insulin. diuretics. and potassium supplements.

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1
0
10.

Glucose is an important molecule in a cell because this molecule is primarily used for:
- A.
  
  Extraction of energy
- B.
  
  Synthesis of protein
- C.
  
  Building of genetic material
- D.
  
  Formation of cell membranes.
Correct Answer
A. Extraction of energy

Explanation
Glucose catabolism is the main pathway for cellular energy production.

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Current Version
Mar 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 04, 2017

Quiz Created by
Santepro

Endocrine System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 97

A client is taking NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse instructs the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:

An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with DM. The client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump:

A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated in the ER. Which finding would a nurse expect to note as confirming this diagnosis?

A client with DM demonstrates acute anxiety when first admitted for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The most appropriate intervention to decrease the client’s anxiety would be to:

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with DM who has hyperglycemia. The priority nursing diagnosis would be:

A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the ER with DKA. In the acute phase the priority nursing action is to prepare to:

A nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 DM. Findings include a fasting blood glucose of 120mg/dl. temperature of 101. pulse of 88. respirations of 22. and a bp of 140/84. Which finding would be of most concern of the nurse?

A client with type 1 DM calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia with exercise. Which statement by the client indicated an inadequate understanding of the peak action of NPH insulin and exercise?

Glucose is an important molecule in a cell because this molecule is primarily used for: