End Of Coastal Unit Test

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What are the three basic components of a food web? CL #1 pg. 10-13
- Three basic components of a food web are producers, consumers and decomposers.
- Three basic components of a food web are producers, consumers, scavengers and decomposers.
- Three basic components of a food web are producers, bacteria and fungi.
- Three basic components of a food web are autotrophs, heterotrophs and heliotrophs.

About This Quiz

This quiz evaluates knowledge on coastal environments, covering beach definitions, substrate, and organism adaptations in different zones, plus regional climatic influences.

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2.

What is the difference between scavengers and decomposers? SCL #1 pg. 10-13
- When an organism dies, scavengers consume much of the organic debris, particularly animal debris. Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that complete the final step in the food web.
- When an organism dies, decomposers scavenge the remains, there is no difference between decomposers and scavengers.
- When an organism dies scavengers consisting of bacteria and fungi complete the process in the food web.
- Both are detrital. When an organism dies uneaten debris is broken down by wave action, wind, heat, forming detritus
Correct Answer

A. When an organism dies, scavengers consume much of the organic debris, particularly animal debris. Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that complete the final step in the food web.

Explanation

Scavengers consume organic debris, especially animal debris, when an organism dies. Decomposers, on the other hand, are bacteria and fungi that play a crucial role in the food web by breaking down the remains of dead organisms. They complete the final step in the process of decomposition.

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3.

Tides- the daily cycle of 2 high and 2 low tidal flow of water onto and into a low lying shore area caused by the:
- Moon and sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.
- The gravitational pull of the tilt of the Earth on its axis.
- Sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.
- The oceans wave energy.
Correct Answer

A. Moon and sun’s gravitational pull on Earth.

Explanation

The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth. The moon's gravity is stronger than the sun's, so it has a greater influence on the tides. As the moon orbits around Earth, its gravitational pull causes a bulge of water on the side of Earth facing the moon, creating a high tide. On the opposite side of Earth, there is also a high tide due to the centrifugal force caused by the moon's gravitational pull. This results in two high tides and two low tides every day. The sun's gravity also contributes to the tides, but to a lesser extent.

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4.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #2
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Ocean beach

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ocean beach" because it is a type of barrier island habitat that is characterized by sandy shores along the ocean. Barrier islands are narrow strips of land that form parallel to the mainland and are separated from it by a body of water, such as an ocean or a sound. Ocean beaches are typically exposed to wave action and are influenced by tides, making them distinct habitats with unique flora and fauna adaptations.

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5.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #4
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Maritime forest

Explanation

A maritime forest is a type of barrier island habitat that is characterized by a dense growth of trees and vegetation. It is found along the coastlines and is influenced by the salt spray and high winds from the ocean. The trees in a maritime forest are typically adapted to withstand these harsh conditions, such as live oaks and cedar trees. This habitat provides important shelter and food sources for a variety of wildlife, and helps to stabilize the sand dunes and prevent erosion.

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6.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #6
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Sound

Explanation

The correct answer is "Sound". A sound is a type of barrier island habitat that is characterized by a body of water, typically a narrow strip of water that separates the island from the mainland. Sounds are often shallow and can support a diverse range of marine life. They provide important habitats for various species and serve as a buffer zone between the island and the open ocean.

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7.

Identify this barrier island feature:
- Overwash fan
- Berm
- Shoreface
- Dune
Correct Answer

A. Overwash fan

Explanation

An overwash fan is a barrier island feature that forms when storm waves and high tides breach the dunes and deposit sediment landward, creating a fan-shaped deposit. This feature helps to protect the island by absorbing the energy of storm waves and preventing further erosion. Overwash fans are typically composed of sand and other sediments, and they can vary in size and shape depending on the intensity of the storm. They play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and resilience of barrier islands in the face of natural hazards.

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8.

What does this image show about barrier islands?
- Rollover.
- Littoral drift.
- Longshore current.
- Saltation
Correct Answer

A. Rollover.

Explanation

The image likely shows a phenomenon known as rollover, which is a characteristic feature of barrier islands. Rollover occurs when waves approach the island at an angle, causing the sand to be transported from the ocean side to the bay side. This process helps to maintain the shape and stability of barrier islands by redistributing sediment and preventing erosion. The image might capture the visual evidence of this sediment transport, showcasing the distinct shape and form of a barrier island affected by rollover.

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9.

Identify this hard stabilization image and what occurs as a result of its presence:
- It is a seawall. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of both the front and sides of the wall.
- It is a groin. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of the front of the wall.
- It is a jetty. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of the front of the wall.
- It is a breakwater.
- Littoral current.
Correct Answer

A. It is a seawall. As as result of its presence, wave energy is redirected which enhances the erosion of both the front and sides of the wall.

Explanation

A seawall is a hard stabilization structure built along the shoreline to protect land from erosion and flooding caused by waves. When a seawall is present, wave energy is redirected towards the wall, which can enhance erosion on both the front and sides of the wall. This is because the waves hit the wall and reflect back towards the sea, creating a backwash that can erode the beach in front of the wall. Additionally, the waves hitting the wall can also cause erosion on the sides of the wall, especially if the wall is not properly designed or maintained.

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10.

What is the original source of energy for the entire seashore community? SCL #1 pg. 10-13
- The original source of energy is the sun.
- The original source of energy is the ocean.
- The original source of energy are the producers.
- The original source of energy is the moon and tides.
Correct Answer

A. The original source of energy is the sun.

Explanation

The correct answer is the sun. The sun provides the primary source of energy for the entire seashore community through the process of photosynthesis. Producers, such as plants and algae, use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This glucose is then used by other organisms in the food chain, providing energy for the entire community. The ocean, moon, and tides may have indirect effects on the seashore community, but the sun is the ultimate source of energy.

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11.

SCL pg. 10-13 Unit of Life What is a unit of life?
- A unit of life is an ecological community with plant and animal components acting together as an interdependent group.
- A unit of life is an ecological community that looks at nature as complete.
- A unit of life is an ecological community is 15-25 ppt. in an estuary, 35 ppt. in the ocean.
Correct Answer

A. A unit of life is an ecological community with plant and animal components acting together as an interdependent group.

Explanation

A unit of life refers to an ecological community where both plant and animal components coexist and interact with each other in a mutually dependent manner. This concept emphasizes the interdependence and interconnectedness of different organisms within a specific ecosystem. It recognizes the importance of the relationships and interactions between plants and animals in maintaining the balance and functioning of the ecological community.

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12.

What are the three basic requirements for dune formation to occur?
- For dune formation to occur the following is required: a large supply of sand, wind speeds capable of moving sand, and an ideal location for sand to accumulate.
- For dune formation to occur the following is required: a large supply of sand, wind speeds capable of moving sand, and a shore face that extends from the near shoe sandbar to the berm.
- For dune formation to occur the following is required: a large supply of sand, wind speeds greater than 20 mph, and a shore face that extends from the near shoe sandbar to the berm.
- For dune formation to occur the following is required: a large supply of sand, wind speeds less than 10 mph, and a shore face that extends from the near shoe sandbar to the berm.
Correct Answer

A. For dune formation to occur the following is required: a large supply of sand, wind speeds capable of moving sand, and an ideal location for sand to accumulate.

Explanation

The correct answer states that for dune formation to occur, three requirements are needed: a large supply of sand, wind speeds capable of moving sand, and an ideal location for sand to accumulate. This means that a significant amount of sand must be present, strong enough winds must be able to transport the sand, and there must be a suitable location where the sand can gather and form dunes.

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13.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #1
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Ocean

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ocean" because it is a type of barrier island habitat. Barrier islands are narrow strips of land that separate the ocean from the mainland. The ocean is a large body of saltwater that is a characteristic feature of barrier islands.

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14.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #5
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Salt marsh

Explanation

Salt marsh is a type of barrier island habitat that is characterized by the presence of salt-tolerant plants, such as marsh grasses, and is located in between the ocean and the mainland. This habitat is typically flooded by tidal waters, creating a unique ecosystem that supports a diverse range of plant and animal species. Salt marshes are important for coastal protection, as they help to absorb wave energy and reduce erosion. They also provide valuable nursery grounds for many marine organisms and serve as feeding and resting areas for migratory birds.

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15.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #7
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Tidal flat

Explanation

A tidal flat is a type of barrier island habitat that is characterized by its flat, muddy or sandy surface which is exposed during low tide and covered by water during high tide. Tidal flats are located in the intertidal zone, between the land and the ocean, and are often found near estuaries or in areas with strong tidal currents. They provide important feeding and breeding grounds for many species of birds, fish, and invertebrates, and also help to protect the mainland from erosion and storm damage.

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16.

How deep/thick are Barrier Islands?
- 30 - 60 feet
- 10 - 20 feet
- 20 - 40 feet
- 40 - 70 feet
Correct Answer

A. 30 - 60 feet

Explanation

Barrier islands are narrow strips of land that are formed parallel to the coastline. They are typically formed by the deposition of sand and sediment over time. The depth or thickness of barrier islands can vary, but on average, they tend to be around 30 to 60 feet deep. This depth is influenced by factors such as the amount of sediment available, wave energy, and sea level rise. The varying depth of barrier islands is important as it helps to protect the mainland from storms and erosion by acting as a natural buffer.

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17.

Why are estuaries considered brackish?
- Estuary waters are a mixture of tidewater and longshore current.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and ocean water.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and littoral drift.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.
Correct Answer

A. Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.

Explanation

Estuaries are considered brackish because they contain a mixture of fresh and salt water. This occurs when rivers or streams flow into the ocean, creating a transition zone where the freshwater and saltwater mix. The mixing of these two types of water creates a unique environment with varying salinity levels, making it brackish.

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18.

Phytoplankton are_______________________
- Free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain.
- Free floating microscopic animals that are the basis of the marine food chain.
- Free floating microscopic scavengers that support the marine food chain.
- Diatoms that cause red tide and are toxic to the marine food chain.
Correct Answer

A. Free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain.

Explanation

Phytoplankton are free floating microscopic plants that are the basis of the marine food chain. They are responsible for producing the majority of the Earth's oxygen and are consumed by various marine organisms, starting the food chain. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems and are essential for the survival of many marine species.

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19.

What does this diagram show?
- Barrier island migration.
- Barrier island rollover.
- Barrier island formation
- Barrier island shoreface erosion.
Correct Answer

A. Barrier island migration.

Explanation

The diagram shows the process of barrier island migration. Barrier islands are formed by sediment deposition and are constantly changing due to natural processes such as wave action and tidal currents. This diagram illustrates the movement of the barrier island over time, as it migrates landward or seaward. The movement is a result of various factors such as sea level rise, sediment supply, and storm events.

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20.

Identify this barrier island habitat: #3
- Ocean
- Ocean beach
- Dune
- Salt marsh
- Tidal flat
- Maritime forest
- Sound
Correct Answer

A. Dune

Explanation

The correct answer is Dune. A dune is a barrier island habitat characterized by sand hills or ridges formed by wind or water. Dunes are typically found along the beach or coastline and provide protection from storm surges and erosion. They are important habitats for various plant and animal species that are adapted to the harsh conditions of sandy soils, strong winds, and salt spray. Dunes also play a crucial role in stabilizing the coastline and maintaining the integrity of the barrier island ecosystem.

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21.

What does this photo show about a barrier island maritime forest?
- That a maritime forest is found in the middle of the widest part of an island.
- That barrier islands are long and thin.
- That a dune is not found on the sound side of an island.
- That the island hasn't much shade from the sun.
Correct Answer

A. That a maritime forest is found in the middle of the widest part of an island.

Explanation

The photo shows a dense forest located in the middle of the widest part of an island. This indicates that a maritime forest, which is a type of forest found in coastal areas, can be found in the central region of the island. The presence of this forest suggests that the island has enough space and suitable conditions for the growth of trees and vegetation. This information does not provide any details about the shape or size of the island, the presence of dunes, or the amount of shade it receives from the sun.

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22.

The kind of sediment deposited in shoreline habitats depends on:
- Estuary deposits
- Tidal amplitude
- Water turbulence
- Coastal plain migration
Correct Answer

A. Water turbulence

Explanation

Water turbulence is the correct answer because it refers to the movement and agitation of water in shoreline habitats. The turbulence of the water affects the type and size of sediment that can be deposited. Strong water turbulence can result in the deposition of larger, coarser sediments, while calm water conditions allow for the settling of finer sediments. Therefore, the kind of sediment deposited in shoreline habitats is influenced by the level of water turbulence present in the area.

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23.

What kind of sediments settle on the ocean beach?
- Silt
- Gravel
- Coarse sand
- Clay
Correct Answer

A. Coarse sand

Explanation

Coarse sand is the correct answer because sediments that settle on the ocean beach are typically larger in size compared to silt, clay, and gravel. Coarse sand particles have a diameter between 0.2 and 2.0 millimeters, making them suitable for beach environments where they can be easily transported by waves and currents. These sediments contribute to the formation of sandy beaches and provide habitat for various organisms that thrive in this type of environment.

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24.

Nitrogen is scarce on the dunes because:
- There is little or no decaying plant and animal material to enrich the dunes.
- There is too much Oxygen.
- There is too much Hydrogen and Oxygen.
- The organisms in a dune habitat consume more Nitrogen then they produce.
Correct Answer

A. There is little or no decaying plant and animal material to enrich the dunes.

Explanation

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and it is typically obtained from decaying plant and animal material in the soil. In the case of the dunes, there is little or no decaying plant and animal material present, which means there is a scarcity of nitrogen available to enrich the dunes. This lack of nitrogen can limit the growth and productivity of plants in the dune habitat.

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25.

Why are dunes made of finer sand than the beaches?
- Waves deposit the fine sand on to the dune.
- Saltation carries only the finest of beach sand.
- Saltation mixes salt with sand making it more fine.
- Fine sand is more porous
Correct Answer

A. Saltation carries only the finest of beach sand.

Explanation

Saltation is the process by which sand particles are transported by wind in a bouncing motion. During saltation, the larger and heavier sand particles tend to settle closer to the ground, while the finest and lighter particles are carried higher in the air. As a result, when these finer sand particles are deposited, they accumulate to form dunes. This explains why dunes are made of finer sand than the beaches.

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26.

IDENTIFY: The two major currents that affect North Carolina's climate.
- Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents
- Gulf of Mexico and Laborador/Virginia currents
- Canadian and Gulf of Mexico currents
- Coast of Greenland and Gulf Stream currents
- Between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune
Correct Answer

A. Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents

Explanation

The correct answer is Laborador/Virginia and the Gulf Stream currents. These two major currents have a significant impact on North Carolina's climate. The Laborador/Virginia current brings cold water from the north, which helps to moderate the temperatures along the coast. The Gulf Stream current, on the other hand, brings warm water from the south, which can lead to warmer temperatures along the coast. The interaction between these two currents influences the overall climate patterns in North Carolina.

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27.

Choose the best definition of a barrier island.
- A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.
- A Barrier Island is a short, wide body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.
- A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from other islands by a sound.
- A Barrier Island is a body of sand separated from the mainland by an inlet.
Correct Answer

A. A Barrier Island is a long, narrow body of sand separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends.

Explanation

A barrier island is defined as a long, narrow body of sand that is separated from the mainland by a sound and from other islands by inlets at both ends. This means that it is a landform made up of sand that is located parallel to the mainland and is surrounded by water on both sides. The presence of inlets at both ends of the island allows for the exchange of water between the ocean and the sound, creating a unique ecosystem.

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28.

What is saltation and under what condition does it occur?
- How much salt is in the water
- The movement of sand along the shoreline
- The affect of salt spray on barrier island plants
- Saltation is the movement of sand by 10 mph or greater winds that creates dune.
Correct Answer

A. Saltation is the movement of sand by 10 mph or greater winds that creates dune.

Explanation

Saltation is the correct answer because it accurately defines saltation as the movement of sand by strong winds that have a speed of 10 mph or greater. This movement of sand results in the formation of dunes. The other options mentioned in the question are unrelated to saltation and do not describe its characteristics or conditions of occurrence.

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29.

Because it has a wide variety of plants and animal species occupying a large number of niches, the salt marsh community is one of nature's most self-sustaining ecological systems and is a valuable coastal resource. Being a self-sustaining community means:
- The marsh community supplies virtually all its own needs rather than being dependent on other communities.
- The marsh community is able to provide the nutrients for all other barrier island habitats.
- The marsh community is the basis of the barrier island community.
- The marsh community is fragile and at risk.
Correct Answer

A. The marsh community supplies virtually all its own needs rather than being dependent on other communities.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that the salt marsh community is considered one of nature's most self-sustaining ecological systems because it can meet its own needs without relying on other communities. This means that the marsh community has a wide variety of plants and animal species that occupy different niches, allowing it to provide the necessary nutrients and resources for its own survival. This self-sustainability makes the marsh community a valuable coastal resource.

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30.

Identify the season beach change shown in the diagram below:
- Spring
- Winter
- Summer
- Fall
Correct Answer

A. Winter

Explanation

The diagram shows a beach with bare trees, indicating that the season is winter. In winter, the trees lose their leaves, resulting in a lack of foliage. This is a characteristic feature of the winter season, making it the correct answer.

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31.

Substrate is:
- Bottom material ocean organisms live in or on.
- Bottom material found in the ocean.
- Bottom material organisms live in or on.
- Subtidal nutrients
Correct Answer

A. Bottom material organisms live in or on.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Bottom material organisms live in or on." This answer accurately defines what a substrate is in the context of ocean organisms. A substrate refers to the bottom material in which organisms either live on or within. It provides a habitat and support for various marine organisms, allowing them to anchor themselves or burrow into the substrate for protection and feeding.

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32.

Identify the event shown in the image.
- Birth of an inlet
- Nor'easter wind tide
- Formation of a tidal delta
- Spring tide
Correct Answer

A. Birth of an inlet

Explanation

The event shown in the image is the "Birth of an inlet." This is indicated by the visual representation of water flowing into a narrow channel or opening, which suggests the formation of a new inlet or waterway. The other options, such as Nor'easter wind tide, Formation of a tidal delta, and Spring tide, do not accurately describe the specific event depicted in the image.

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33.

What does this arrow identify?
- Longshore current.
- Tidal current.
- Ebb tidal delta.
- Flood tidal delta.
- Littoral current.
Correct Answer

A. Longshore current.

Explanation

The arrow in this question identifies a longshore current. A longshore current is a current that flows parallel to the shoreline, caused by the angle at which waves approach the beach. It moves sediment along the coast and can have a significant impact on coastal erosion and deposition.

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34.

Ocean beach habitats have three distinct zones:
- The subtidal zone of crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water; the intertidal zone, alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters; and the dry, sandy supratidal zone extending to the base of the sand dunes.
- The ocean zone of crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water; the salt marsh zone, alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters; and the dry, sandy sand dune zone extending to the base of the sand dunes.
- The shoreface zone of crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water; the intertidal zone, alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters; and the dry, sandy subtidal zone extending to the base of the sand dunes.
- The supratidal zone of crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water; the intertidal zone, alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters; and the dry, sandy subtidal zone extending to the base of the sand dunes.
Correct Answer

A. The subtidal zone of crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water; the intertidal zone, alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters; and the dry, sandy supratidal zone extending to the base of the sand dunes.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the three distinct zones found in ocean beach habitats. These zones include the subtidal zone, which is characterized by crashing breakers with swirling sand and shallow water. The intertidal zone is alternately covered and exposed by tidal waters. Lastly, the dry, sandy supratidal zone extends to the base of the sand dunes.

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35.

Most supratidal animals are ____________ that feed on debris and detritus along the strand line.
- Scavengers
- Decomposers
- Producers
- Herbivores
Correct Answer

A. Scavengers

Explanation

Supratidal animals are organisms that live in the area above the high tide line. These organisms rely on debris and detritus, which are dead organic matter, as a food source. Scavengers are organisms that feed on dead and decaying organisms, making them the most suitable answer. Decomposers break down dead organic matter, producers create their own food through photosynthesis, and herbivores consume plants as their primary food source, none of which accurately describe the feeding habits of supratidal animals.

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36.

What is the effect of salt spray on back dune trees and shrubs?
- Salt spray from wind kills back the tips of the tree and shrub branches causing them to look sheard and grow stunted and twisted.
- Salt spray from wind nourishes the trees and shrubs causing their leaves to grow long and wide.
- Salt spray from wind prevents trees and shrubs from growing on the back dune.
- Dune plants: are evergreen plants with thin, needle like leaves. Salt spray from wind protects the trees and shrubs with a layer of salt covering it that can tolerate wind, water and salt.
Correct Answer

A. Salt spray from wind kills back the tips of the tree and shrub branches causing them to look sheard and grow stunted and twisted.

Explanation

The effect of salt spray on back dune trees and shrubs is that it kills the tips of their branches, resulting in a sheared appearance and causing them to grow stunted and twisted.

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37.

Why are estuaries considered brackish?
- Estuary waters are a mixture of tidewater and longshore current.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and ocean water.
- Estuary waters are a mixture of soundwater and littoral drift.
- 1Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.
Correct Answer

A. 1Estuary waters are a mixture of fresh and salt water.

Explanation

Estuaries are considered brackish because they contain a mixture of fresh and salt water. This occurs because rivers and streams flow into estuaries, bringing fresh water with them, while at the same time, the estuary is connected to the ocean, which contains salt water. The mixing of these two types of water creates a brackish environment in the estuary.

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38.

What provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes?
- Salt spray
- Oxygen
- Plant nitrogen
- Water (Hydrogen + Oxygen)
Correct Answer

A. Salt spray

Explanation

Salt spray provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes. This is because salt spray contains various minerals and nutrients that are essential for the growth and survival of plants in this harsh coastal environment. The salt spray is carried by the wind and deposited onto the dunes, where it is absorbed by the plants and used for their nutrient requirements. Additionally, the salt spray also helps to create a protective barrier around the plants, preventing excessive water loss and providing some level of protection against the strong winds and harsh conditions on the dunes.

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39.

Identify the six key environmental factors that affect shoreline habitat: SCL #1 pg. 4-9
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: currents, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, tides, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.
- Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and sand supply.
Correct Answer

A. Six key shoreline environmental factors: climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature and substrate.

Explanation

The six key environmental factors that affect shoreline habitat are climate, water level, salinity, water temperature, air temperature, and substrate. These factors play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and overall health of shoreline ecosystems. Climate influences the overall weather patterns and conditions in the area, while water level affects the availability of suitable habitat and the presence of tidal zones. Salinity levels determine the types of organisms that can survive in the habitat, and water and air temperatures impact the growth and survival of both plants and animals. Lastly, the substrate, or the type of material on the shoreline, determines the availability of suitable nesting sites and the overall stability of the habitat.

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40.

What is the relationship between the height of a sand dune and the type of vegetation behind the frontal dune?
- The higher the dune the larger the vegetation behind it.
- The higher the dune the smaller the vegetation behind it.
- The dune height does not affect the vegetation behind it.
- The lower the dune the larger the vegetation behind it.
Correct Answer

A. The higher the dune the larger the vegetation behind it.

Explanation

As the sand dune gets higher, it acts as a barrier and provides protection from wind and salt spray for the vegetation behind it. This allows larger and more robust vegetation to grow, as it is shielded from the harsh conditions of the coastal environment. Therefore, the height of the sand dune positively correlates with the size and abundance of vegetation behind it.

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41.

Which pelecypod (two-shelled mollusc) when it attaches to a solid object, becomes immobile (sessile), unable to move?
- Eastern Oyster.
- Blue or ribbed mussel.
- Mud snail.
- Scallop
Correct Answer

A. Eastern Oyster.

Explanation

The Eastern Oyster is the correct answer because when it attaches to a solid object, it becomes immobile and unable to move. This is a characteristic of sessile organisms, which are permanently fixed to a substrate. The Blue or ribbed mussel, Mud snail, and Scallop are not sessile and are capable of movement.

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42.

What is unique about the oyster crab?
- This crab lives inside the shells of oysters and other bivalves and at times may eat the muscle tissue of the "host" oyster.
- This crab moves into the shell of a dead oyster and inhabits its shell for protection.
- The oyster crab is a host organism for oysters to feed upon.
- The oyster crab hides within a bed of oysters to protect itself.
Correct Answer

A. This crab lives inside the shells of oysters and other bivalves and at times may eat the muscle tissue of the "host" oyster.

Explanation

The unique aspect of the oyster crab is that it lives inside the shells of oysters and other bivalves and may eat the muscle tissue of the "host" oyster. This behavior allows the crab to both find protection within the shell and also obtain a source of food by consuming the oyster's muscle tissue. This adaptation sets the oyster crab apart from other crabs that may not have this specific behavior or feeding habit.

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43.

The average range of salinity in an estuary is:
- 25-35 ppt.
- 10-25 ppt.
- 15-25 ppt.
- 10-30 ppt
Correct Answer

A. 15-25 ppt.

Explanation

The correct answer is 15-25 ppt. This range of salinity is commonly observed in estuaries, which are partially enclosed bodies of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. The salinity in estuaries can vary depending on factors such as rainfall, tidal influence, and freshwater input. A range of 15-25 ppt is considered typical for estuarine environments, providing a balance between freshwater and saltwater conditions that support a diverse range of plant and animal species.

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44.

Match the location where the intertidal zone is found.
- Between the high and low tide lines
- Above the high tide line
- Below the high tide line
- Between the sand bar and the berm
- Between the swash zone (shoreface where waves break) and the dune
Correct Answer

A. Between the high and low tide lines

Explanation

The intertidal zone is the area between the high and low tide lines. This means that it is the region of the shoreline that is covered by water during high tide and exposed during low tide. It is a unique and dynamic environment that is constantly changing due to the ebb and flow of the tides. Organisms that live in this zone must be adapted to withstand both the pounding waves and the exposure to air and sunlight during low tide.

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45.

What is a berm and where is it found?
- The back dune end of the supratidal zone
- The movement of sand offshore during a storm
- The supratidal ledge of sand at the high tide line
- The edge of the swash (shoreface where waves break) zone
Correct Answer

A. The supratidal ledge of sand at the high tide line

Explanation

A berm is a supratidal ledge of sand that is found at the high tide line. It is a raised area of sand that is formed by the deposition of sediment by waves and tides. The berm acts as a natural barrier, protecting the land behind it from the erosive forces of the ocean. It is typically found along coastal areas and can vary in size and shape depending on the local wave and tide conditions.

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46.

Identify adaptations dune plants have to protect them from the intense heat and light of the sun.
- Dune plants: some have thick, waxy leaves, some that close curl inward and turn in a vertical position to reduce sun expose.
- Dune plants: can tolerate changes in salinity and can withstand different levels of salinity.
- Dune plants: are made up of brown and red marine leaft grasses that tolerate water, wind, and salt.
- Dune plants: are evergreen plants with thin, needle like leaves that can tolerate wind, water and salt.
Correct Answer

A. Dune plants: some have thick, waxy leaves, some that close curl inward and turn in a vertical position to reduce sun expose.

Explanation

Dune plants have adaptations such as thick, waxy leaves and the ability to curl inward and turn in a vertical position. These adaptations help to protect the plants from the intense heat and light of the sun by reducing sun exposure. The thick, waxy leaves act as a barrier, preventing excessive water loss through evaporation and protecting the plant from dehydration. Curling inward and turning in a vertical position helps to minimize the surface area exposed to the sun, reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed and preventing damage from excessive heat and light.

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47.

Identify this structure:
- Groin
- Jetty
- Seawall
- Breakers
Correct Answer

A. Groin

Explanation

A groin is a structure built perpendicular to the shoreline, usually made of rocks or concrete, that extends into the water. It is designed to trap sand and prevent erosion along the coast. Groins are commonly used in coastal engineering to stabilize beaches and prevent the movement of sand along the shore. They are often built in a series and can create a more stable beach environment by trapping sediment and preventing it from being carried away by currents.

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48.

Spartina alterniflora (marsh cordgrass) is the most abundant and ecologically most important large plant of the marsh. What makes it so important?
- Salt tolerant
- Grows quickly
- Predator tolerant
- Wind and wave tolerant
Correct Answer

A. Salt tolerant

Explanation

Spartina alterniflora, also known as marsh cordgrass, is extremely important in marsh ecosystems because of its ability to tolerate high levels of salt in the soil. This allows it to thrive in coastal areas where other plants may struggle to survive. Its salt tolerance enables it to play a crucial role in stabilizing marsh sediments and preventing erosion. Additionally, Spartina alterniflora provides habitat and food for a variety of organisms, making it ecologically significant. Its ability to withstand saltwater intrusion and maintain its population makes it a key species in marsh ecosystems.

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49.

Water in the tidal flat has a wide range of salt content. Why would you suppose this is so?
- During high tide-incoming tides replenish ocean level salinity. During low tide areas of salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that when evaporated leave the salt behind creating salty substrate. Evaporation is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity making the sound less salty.
- During low tide-incoming tides replenish ocean level salinity. During low tide areas of salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that when evaporated leave the salt behind creating salty substrate. Transpiration is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity making the sound less salty.
- During high tide-incoming tides replenish ocean level salinity. During high tide areas of salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that when evaporated leave the salt behind creating salty substrate. Evaporation is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity making the sound less salty.
- During low tide-incoming tides replenish ocean level salinity. During high tide areas of salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that when evaporated leave the salt behind creating salty substrate. Evaporation is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity making the sound less salty.
Correct Answer

A. During high tide-incoming tides replenish ocean level salinity. During low tide areas of salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that when evaporated leave the salt behind creating salty substrate. Evaporation is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity making the sound less salty.

Explanation

The correct answer explains that during high tide, incoming tides replenish the ocean level salinity. During low tide, areas of the salt marsh are exposed and may have pools of water that, when evaporated, leave the salt behind, creating a salty substrate. Evaporation is a factor in intertidal areas. Heavy rains alter the salinity, making the sound less salty. This explanation provides a logical sequence of events that explain why the water in the tidal flat has a wide range of salt content.

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Match the location where the intertidal zone is found.

What is a berm and where is it found?

Identify adaptations dune plants have to protect them from the intense heat and light of the sun.

Identify this structure:

Spartina alterniflora (marsh cordgrass) is the most abundant and ecologically most important large plant of the marsh. What makes it so important?

Water in the tidal flat has a wide range of salt content. Why would you suppose this is so?