Elements, Quantum Numbers, And Electron Configurations

1. Number of electrons that can be in 3p orbitals?

6

8

3

The number of electrons that can be in 3p orbitals is 6. This is because the p orbital can accommodate a maximum of 6 electrons. Each p orbital can hold 2 electrons, and there are 3 p orbitals in the 3p sublevel. Therefore, the total number of electrons that can be in 3p orbitals is 2 electrons per p orbital multiplied by 3 p orbitals, which equals 6 electrons.

Explanation

The number of electrons that can be in 3p orbitals is 6. This is because the p orbital can accommodate a maximum of 6 electrons. Each p orbital can hold 2 electrons, and there are 3 p orbitals in the 3p sublevel. Therefore, the total number of electrons that can be in 3p orbitals is 2 electrons per p orbital multiplied by 3 p orbitals, which equals 6 electrons.

2. Spell the name of the element F.

The correct answer is "fluorine" because the question asks for the name of the element with the symbol "F". Fluorine is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is a pale yellow, highly reactive gas, and is the lightest halogen.

Explanation

The correct answer is "fluorine" because the question asks for the name of the element with the symbol "F". Fluorine is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is a pale yellow, highly reactive gas, and is the lightest halogen.

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3. A valid magnetic quantum number for the element Si is -3.

True

False

The magnetic quantum number (m) represents the orientation of an electron's orbital in a magnetic field. It can have integer values ranging from -l to +l, where l is the orbital angular momentum quantum number. For the element Si, the ground state electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p². The 3p orbital can have three possible magnetic quantum numbers: -1, 0, and +1. Therefore, -3 is not a valid magnetic quantum number for the element Si.

Explanation

The magnetic quantum number (m) represents the orientation of an electron's orbital in a magnetic field. It can have integer values ranging from -l to +l, where l is the orbital angular momentum quantum number. For the element Si, the ground state electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p². The 3p orbital can have three possible magnetic quantum numbers: -1, 0, and +1. Therefore, -3 is not a valid magnetic quantum number for the element Si.

4. It is possible to have a 7d orbital?

True

False

Yes, it is possible to have a 7d orbital. In quantum mechanics, orbitals are regions in an atom where an electron is most likely to be found. The "7d" refers to the principal quantum number (n=7) and the azimuthal quantum number (l=2), which determines the shape of the orbital. The d orbitals have a complex shape and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Therefore, it is possible to have a 7d orbital in an atom with a high principal quantum number.

Explanation

Yes, it is possible to have a 7d orbital. In quantum mechanics, orbitals are regions in an atom where an electron is most likely to be found. The "7d" refers to the principal quantum number (n=7) and the azimuthal quantum number (l=2), which determines the shape of the orbital. The d orbitals have a complex shape and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Therefore, it is possible to have a 7d orbital in an atom with a high principal quantum number.

5. How many electrons can have the principal quantum number of 4?

The principal quantum number represents the energy level or shell of an electron in an atom. The formula to calculate the maximum number of electrons in a shell is 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number. In this case, when n=4, the maximum number of electrons in the fourth energy level is 2(4^2) = 32. Therefore, 32 electrons can have a principal quantum number of 4.

Explanation

The principal quantum number represents the energy level or shell of an electron in an atom. The formula to calculate the maximum number of electrons in a shell is 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number. In this case, when n=4, the maximum number of electrons in the fourth energy level is 2(4^2) = 32. Therefore, 32 electrons can have a principal quantum number of 4.

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6. The electron configuration for chromium is:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁴

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d⁴

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 4d⁵

Explanation

7. Spell the name of the element P.

The correct answer is "phosphorus." Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P. It is a nonmetal that is essential for life and is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. It is also used in fertilizers, detergents, and matches.

Explanation

The correct answer is "phosphorus." Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P. It is a nonmetal that is essential for life and is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. It is also used in fertilizers, detergents, and matches.

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8. What element(s) could have the quantum numbers 3, 1, -1, -1/2?

Sulfur

Oxygen

Aluminum

Sodium

Lithium

The quantum numbers provided are n=3, l=1, ml=-1, and ms=-1/2. These quantum numbers correspond to the third energy level (n=3), the p orbital (l=1), the px orbital (ml=-1), and the spin-down electron (ms=-1/2). Sulfur is the only element that has electrons in the 3p orbital, making it the correct answer.

Explanation

The quantum numbers provided are n=3, l=1, ml=-1, and ms=-1/2. These quantum numbers correspond to the third energy level (n=3), the p orbital (l=1), the px orbital (ml=-1), and the spin-down electron (ms=-1/2). Sulfur is the only element that has electrons in the 3p orbital, making it the correct answer.