Final Exam Part 1

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Tpc43b

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Quizzes Created: 6 | Total Attempts: 1,869

Questions: 66 | Attempts: 157 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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1.

Which of the following would not be considered a characteristic of money?
- A.
  
  It is a store of value
- B.
  
  It is a means of payment
- C.
  
  It must have intrinsic value
- D.
  
  It is a unit of account
Correct Answer
C. It must have intrinsic value

Explanation
Money does not need to have intrinsic value to be considered as money. Intrinsic value refers to the inherent value of an object, independent of any monetary or economic value. However, money's value is derived from its acceptance as a medium of exchange and its ability to facilitate transactions. Therefore, the absence of intrinsic value does not prevent something from being considered as money.

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2.

A society without any money:
- A.
  
  Could never exchange goods and/or services
- B.
  
  Would find people doing everything for themselves
- C.
  
  Would have to rely strictly on barter
- D.
  
  Would be more efficient since people would be more self-sufficient
Correct Answer
C. Would have to rely strictly on barter

Explanation
A society without any money would have to rely strictly on barter. This means that individuals would have to directly exchange goods and services with each other, without the use of a medium of exchange like money. In such a society, people would need to negotiate and agree on the value of the items being exchanged, which could be time-consuming and inefficient compared to using a standardized currency. However, it would also encourage self-sufficiency as individuals would be motivated to produce everything they need themselves, since they cannot rely on purchasing goods or services with money.

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3.

The unit of account characteristic of money:
- A.
  
  Makes it difficult to compare the relative prices of goods and services
- B.
  
  Refers to how we use money to transfer purchasing power over time
- C.
  
  Means all prices are expressed in terms of money
- D.
  
  Means that money finalizes payments
Correct Answer
C. Means all prices are expressed in terms of money

Explanation
The unit of account characteristic of money means that all prices are expressed in terms of money. This implies that money serves as a common measure or unit for comparing the value of different goods and services. It provides a standardized way to express the worth or cost of items, making it easier to compare and evaluate the relative prices of goods and services in the economy.

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4.

Money as a means of payments refers only to:
- A.
  
  Actual currency
- B.
  
  Coins and currency
- C.
  
  Coins, currency and credit cards
- D.
  
  Anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services
Correct Answer
D. Anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services

Explanation
Money as a means of payments refers to anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services. This includes not only actual currency and coins, but also credit cards and any other form of payment that is widely accepted.

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5.

An individual who stores wealth in art rather than money will find that he/she:
- A.
  
  Suffers larger real losses during periods of high inflation
- B.
  
  Has far more liquidity than most savers
- C.
  
  Will incur higher transaction costs when he/she ultimately makes purchases
- D.
  
  Will have to resort to barter exchanging the art for desired goods
Correct Answer
C. Will incur higher transaction costs when he/she ultimately makes purchases

Explanation
When an individual stores wealth in art rather than money, they will incur higher transaction costs when they ultimately make purchases. This is because buying or selling art involves additional expenses such as fees for appraisals, commissions for art dealers, and transportation costs. Unlike money, which can be easily exchanged for goods and services, art transactions require more effort and resources, leading to higher transaction costs.

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6.

The money aggregate M2 includes:
- A.
  
  Large denomination time deposits
- B.
  
  Stock and bond mutual fund shares
- C.
  
  Savings deposits but not money market deposit accounts
- D.
  
  M1
Correct Answer
D. M1

Explanation
M2 is a measure of the money supply that includes M1 (currency in circulation, demand deposits, and traveler's checks) along with other types of deposits such as savings deposits and large denomination time deposits. It also includes certain types of financial assets like stock and bond mutual fund shares. However, it does not include money market deposit accounts. Therefore, M2 encompasses a broader range of financial instruments and is a more comprehensive measure of the money supply than M1.

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7.

The introduction of money market substitutes for basic checking accounts was fueled partially by:
- A.
  
  The relatively high rates of inflation that existed in the late 1970s and early 1980s
- B.
  
  The reluctance of many retailers to accept checks
- C.
  
  The high number of bank failures that were occurring in the 1970s
- D.
  
  The higher interest rates banks had to pay on checking accounts
Correct Answer
A. The relatively high rates of inflation that existed in the late 1970s and early 1980s

Explanation
The introduction of money market substitutes for basic checking accounts was fueled partially by the relatively high rates of inflation that existed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This is because during periods of high inflation, the value of money decreases over time. As a result, individuals and businesses may seek alternative financial instruments, such as money market substitutes, that offer higher interest rates and can help protect against the eroding value of money.

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8.

Between 1960 and 1980:
- A.
  
  The growth rates of the money aggregates behaved differently
- B.
  
  The growth rate of M1 was negative, but M2 grew rapidly
- C.
  
  M1 had the most rapid rate of growth of all money aggregates
- D.
  
  The growth rates of the two money aggregates moved together
Correct Answer
D. The growth rates of the two money aggregates moved together

Explanation
Between 1960 and 1980, the growth rates of the two money aggregates, M1 and M2, moved together. This means that both M1 and M2 experienced similar rates of growth during this period. It is important to note that while M1 had the most rapid rate of growth among all money aggregates, the growth rates of both M1 and M2 were moving in the same direction, indicating a positive correlation between the two aggregates.

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9.

When the price level increases, the purchasing power of money:
- A.
  
  Increases by a similar amount
- B.
  
  Stays the same since the purchasing power of money is not impacted by price levels
- C.
  
  Decreases
- D.
  
  First increases and then decreases as people get used to higher prices
Correct Answer
C. Decreases

Explanation
When the price level increases, the purchasing power of money decreases. This is because as prices rise, the same amount of money can buy fewer goods and services. In other words, the value of money decreases as the price level increases. Therefore, individuals have less buying power and their money is able to purchase less than before.

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10.

In countries with low inflation:
- A.
  
  M2 growth is a very strong forecaster of inflation
- B.
  
  There tends to be a greater reliance on checks than electronic payments
- C.
  
  M2 growth is a poor forecaster of inflation
- D.
  
  Money stocks are a larger percentage of GDP
Correct Answer
C. M2 growth is a poor forecaster of inflation

Explanation
In countries with low inflation, M2 growth is a poor forecaster of inflation. This means that the growth of the money supply (M2) does not accurately predict or indicate the level of inflation in these countries. Other factors or indicators may have a stronger correlation with inflation in these countries.

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11.

Investing in financial instruments in today's economy:
- A.
  
  Is an activity practiced only by the wealthy
- B.
  
  Involves costly transactions
- C.
  
  Requires a relatively large sum of money to invest (more than $100,000)
- D.
  
  Is made easier by the use of mutual funds
Correct Answer
D. Is made easier by the use of mutual funds

Explanation
Investing in financial instruments in today's economy is made easier by the use of mutual funds. Mutual funds allow individuals to pool their money together with other investors, which provides them with access to a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other securities. This allows investors to achieve greater diversification and potentially higher returns compared to investing in individual securities. Additionally, mutual funds are managed by professional fund managers who make investment decisions on behalf of the investors, which can alleviate the need for individual investors to actively manage their investments.

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12.

Identify which of the following is not one of the five core principles of money and banking?
- A.
  
  Risk requires compensation
- B.
  
  Time has value
- C.
  
  Information is the basis for decisions
- D.
  
  Stability creates risk
Correct Answer
D. Stability creates risk

Explanation
The given correct answer is "Stability creates risk." This statement contradicts the core principles of money and banking because stability is usually seen as a desirable outcome in the financial system, not something that creates risk. The other options - risk requires compensation, time has value, and information is the basis for decisions - align with the core principles of money and banking as they reflect the fundamental concepts and considerations in financial decision-making and management.

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13.

Identify which item is not one of the six parts of the financial system.
- A.
  
  Financial markets
- B.
  
  Central banks
- C.
  
  Credit cards
- D.
  
  Financial institutions
Correct Answer
C. Credit cards

Explanation
Credit cards are not considered one of the six parts of the financial system because they are not an essential component of the infrastructure that facilitates the functioning of the financial system. The six parts of the financial system typically include financial markets, central banks, financial institutions, regulatory bodies, payment systems, and financial instruments. While credit cards are a widely used financial tool, they are not a fundamental part of the financial system's structure and operations.

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14.

The statement "risk requires compensation" implies that people:
- A.
  
  Do not take risk
- B.
  
  Only accept risk when they absolutely have to
- C.
  
  Will only accept risk when they are rewarded for doing so
- D.
  
  Avoid risk at all cost
Correct Answer
C. Will only accept risk when they are rewarded for doing so

Explanation
The statement "risk requires compensation" suggests that people will only be willing to take risks if they are rewarded for doing so. This implies that individuals are motivated by incentives and are more likely to engage in risky behavior if they perceive a benefit or gain from it. It indicates that people are not likely to take risks without some form of compensation or reward, highlighting the importance of incentives in decision-making processes related to risk-taking.

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15.

Which of the following statements best describes financial instruments?
- A.
  
  All financial instruments are a means of payment
- B.
  
  Financial instruments can transfer resources between people but not risk
- C.
  
  Financial instruments can transfer resources and risk between people
- D.
  
  Financial instruments can transfer risk but not resources between people
Correct Answer
C. Financial instruments can transfer resources and risk between people

Explanation
Financial instruments refer to various types of contracts or agreements that represent a financial asset. These instruments can be used to transfer both resources and risk between individuals or entities. They enable the transfer of resources such as money, securities, or commodities, as well as the transfer of risk associated with these assets. Therefore, the statement "Financial instruments can transfer resources and risk between people" accurately describes the nature and purpose of financial instruments.

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16.

When an individual obtains a car loan and makes all of the regular monthly payments, the sum of the payments made will exceed the purchase price of the car. This is due primarily to the core principle:
- A.
  
  Risk requires compensation
- B.
  
  Information is the basis for decisions
- C.
  
  Markets determine prices and allocate resources
- D.
  
  Time has value
Correct Answer
D. Time has value

Explanation
When an individual obtains a car loan and makes all of the regular monthly payments, the sum of the payments made will exceed the purchase price of the car. This is because time has value. Over time, the individual will be paying interest on the loan, which adds to the overall cost of the car. The longer it takes to pay off the loan, the more interest will accumulate, resulting in a higher total payment than the initial purchase price. Therefore, the concept of time having value explains why the sum of the payments made will exceed the purchase price of the car.

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17.

A financial intermediary:
- A.
  
  S an agency that guarantees a loan
- B.
  
  Is involved in indirect finance
- C.
  
  Would be used in direct finance
- D.
  
  Must be a depository institution
Correct Answer
B. Is involved in indirect finance

Explanation
A financial intermediary is involved in indirect finance because it acts as a middleman between borrowers and lenders. It collects funds from savers and channels them to borrowers, facilitating the flow of funds in the economy. This allows savers to earn interest on their savings while providing borrowers with access to capital. Financial intermediaries include banks, credit unions, insurance companies, and investment funds. They play a crucial role in the financial system by reducing information asymmetry, pooling resources, and providing liquidity.

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18.

Tom obtains a car loan from Old Town Bank.
- A.
  
  The car loan is Tom's asset and the bank's liability
- B.
  
  The car loan is Tom's asset, but the liability belongs to the bank's depositors
- C.
  
  The car loan is Tom's liability and an asset for Old Town Bank
- D.
  
  The car loan is Tom's liability and a liability of the bank until Tom pays it off
Correct Answer
C. The car loan is Tom's liability and an asset for Old Town Bank

Explanation
The car loan is Tom's liability and an asset for Old Town Bank because Tom is responsible for repaying the loan, making it his liability. At the same time, the bank considers the loan as an asset because they expect to receive interest and principal payments from Tom over time, which will generate income for the bank.

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19.

Kate buys a share of Google. Google uses the funds raised from selling its stock to expand its operations into Asia. This is an example of:
- A.
  
  Direct finance
- B.
  
  Indirect finance
- C.
  
  Use of a financial institution
- D.
  
  A loan
Correct Answer
A. Direct finance

Explanation
The given scenario describes direct finance. Direct finance occurs when an investor purchases stocks or shares directly from a company, providing the company with funds that it can use for its operations or expansion. In this case, Kate buys a share of Google, and Google uses the funds raised from selling its stock to expand its operations into Asia. This demonstrates the concept of direct finance, as Kate's investment directly contributes to Google's financing needs.

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20.

Which of the following is not a financial intermediary?
- A.
  
  A bank
- B.
  
  An insurance company
- C.
  
  The New York Stock Exchange
- D.
  
  A mutual fund
Correct Answer
C. The New York Stock Exchange

Explanation
The New York Stock Exchange is not a financial intermediary because it does not directly intermediate between savers and borrowers. It is a stock exchange where buyers and sellers trade stocks and other securities. Financial intermediaries, such as banks, insurance companies, and mutual funds, play a role in channeling funds from savers to borrowers and facilitating the flow of money in the economy.

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21.

Financial instruments are different from money because:
- A.
  
  They can act as a store of value and money cannot
- B.
  
  They can't be a means of payment but money can
- C.
  
  They can allow for the transfer of risk
- D.
  
  They have greater liquidity
Correct Answer
C. They can allow for the transfer of risk

Explanation
Financial instruments can allow for the transfer of risk, which sets them apart from money. While money serves as a medium of exchange and a unit of account, it does not possess the capability to transfer risk. Financial instruments, on the other hand, enable individuals or entities to transfer or manage risk through various mechanisms such as insurance, derivatives, or hedging strategies. This ability to mitigate risk is a distinguishing characteristic of financial instruments that differentiates them from money.

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22.

A borrower has information that it does not make available to a prospective lender; this is an example of:
- A.
  
  A wise borrower and an unwise lender
- B.
  
  A transfer of risk
- C.
  
  Information asymmetry
- D.
  
  Liquidity risk
Correct Answer
C. Information asymmetry

Explanation
Information asymmetry refers to a situation where one party in a transaction has more information or knowledge than the other party. In this case, the borrower has information that it is not sharing with the lender, creating an imbalance of information between the two parties. This can be problematic for the lender as they may not have a complete understanding of the borrower's financial situation or ability to repay the loan, leading to potential risks and uncertainties. Therefore, the correct answer is information asymmetry.

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23.

A derivative instrument:
- A.
  
  Comes into existence after the underlying instrument is in default
- B.
  
  Is a low-risk financial instrument used by highly risk-averse savers
- C.
  
  Gets its value and payoff from the performance of the underlying instrument
- D.
  
  Should be purchased prior to purchasing the underlying security
Correct Answer
C. Gets its value and payoff from the performance of the underlying instrument

Explanation
A derivative instrument gets its value and payoff from the performance of the underlying instrument. This means that the value of the derivative is derived from the price movements of the underlying asset or instrument. Derivatives can be used for various purposes such as hedging against price fluctuations, speculating on future price movements, or gaining exposure to certain markets or assets without directly owning them. The value of a derivative instrument is directly linked to the performance of the underlying instrument, making it a useful tool for investors and traders to manage risk and potentially generate profits.

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24.

Considering the value of a financial instrument, the sooner the promised payment is made:
- A.
  
  The less valuable is the promise to make it since time is valuable
- B.
  
  The greater the risk, therefore the promise has greater value
- C.
  
  The more valuable is the promise to make it
- D.
  
  The less relevant is the likelihood that the payment will be made
Correct Answer
C. The more valuable is the promise to make it

Explanation
The given correct answer states that the more valuable is the promise to make the payment when it is made sooner. This is because time is valuable in the context of financial instruments. When the promised payment is made sooner, it indicates a higher level of reliability and trustworthiness, which increases the value of the promise. Therefore, the sooner the payment is made, the more valuable the promise becomes.

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25.

Financial instruments used primarily as stores of value would not include:
- A.
  
  A car insurance policy
- B.
  
  A U.S. Treasury bond
- C.
  
  Shares of General Motors stock
- D.
  
  A home mortgage
Correct Answer
A. A car insurance policy

Explanation
A car insurance policy is not considered a financial instrument used primarily as a store of value because it is an insurance contract that provides coverage for potential damages or losses related to a car. Unlike the other options listed, a car insurance policy does not hold or generate value over time, but rather provides protection against potential financial losses.

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26.

Roles served by financial markets include the following, except:
- A.
  
  Eliminating risk
- B.
  
  Providing liquidity
- C.
  
  Pooling and communicating information
- D.
  
  Sharing of risk
Correct Answer
A. Eliminating risk

Explanation
Financial markets serve various roles, including providing liquidity, pooling and communicating information, and sharing risk. However, they do not eliminate risk. In fact, financial markets involve various types of risks, such as market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk. These risks are inherent in any investment or financial transaction. Financial markets provide mechanisms and tools to manage and mitigate these risks, but they cannot completely eliminate them. Therefore, eliminating risk is not a role served by financial markets.

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27.

A primary financial market is a market:
- A.
  
  Where only corporate bonds are sold
- B.
  
  Where only corporate and government bonds are sold
- C.
  
  Where newly issued securities are sold by savers to borrowers
- D.
  
  Where investment banks assist companies in raising cash
Correct Answer
D. Where investment banks assist companies in raising cash

Explanation
A primary financial market is a market where investment banks assist companies in raising cash. This means that companies can issue and sell newly issued securities to investors with the help of investment banks. This process helps companies raise funds for their operations, expansions, or other financial needs. It is different from secondary markets where already issued securities are traded between investors.

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28.

Debt instruments that have maturities less than one year are traded in:
- A.
  
  The primary market exclusively
- B.
  
  The bond markets exclusively
- C.
  
  The bond market if they are already in existence
- D.
  
  The money market
Correct Answer
D. The money market

Explanation
Debt instruments that have maturities less than one year are traded in the money market. The money market is a segment of the financial market where short-term borrowing and lending of funds take place. It includes various instruments such as Treasury bills, commercial papers, certificates of deposit, and short-term government securities. These instruments are traded in the money market due to their short-term nature and the need for liquidity by investors.

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29.

All of the following are depository institutions, except:
- A.
  
  Commercial banks
- B.
  
  Credit unions
- C.
  
  Insurance companies
- D.
  
  Savings banks
Correct Answer
C. Insurance companies

Explanation
Insurance companies are not considered depository institutions because they do not accept deposits from customers. Depository institutions are financial institutions that accept and hold deposits from individuals and businesses, such as commercial banks, credit unions, and savings banks. Insurance companies, on the other hand, provide insurance coverage and manage risk for their policyholders, but they do not offer deposit-taking services.

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30.

If the interest rate is zero, a promise to receive a $100 payment one year from now is:
- A.
  
  More valuable than receiving $100 today
- B.
  
  Less valuable than receiving $100 today
- C.
  
  Equal in value to receiving $100 today
- D.
  
  Equal in value to receiving $101 today
Correct Answer
C. Equal in value to receiving $100 today

Explanation
If the interest rate is zero, it means that there is no opportunity cost for holding money over time. In this case, a promise to receive a $100 payment one year from now is equal in value to receiving $100 today because there is no advantage or disadvantage in waiting to receive the payment. Therefore, the value of the promise is the same as the value of the immediate payment.

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31.

Suppose Tom receives one-year loan from ABC Bank for $5000.00. At the end of the year, Tom repays $5400.00 to ABC Bank. Assuming the simple calculation of interest, the interest rate on Tom's loan was:
- A.
  
  $400
- B.
  
  8.00%
- C.
  
  7.41%
- D.
  
  20%
Correct Answer
B. 8.00%

Explanation
Tom borrowed $5000.00 from ABC Bank and repaid $5400.00 at the end of the year. The difference between the amount repaid and the amount borrowed is $5400.00 - $5000.00 = $400.00. This $400.00 represents the interest that Tom paid on the loan. To find the interest rate, we divide the interest amount by the principal amount borrowed and multiply by 100. So, the interest rate is ($400.00 / $5000.00) * 100 = 8.00%.

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32.

Farou invests $2,000 at 8% interest. About how long will it take for Farou to double his investment (e.g., to have $4,000)?
- A.
  
  4 years
- B.
  
  5 years
- C.
  
  8 years
- D.
  
  9 years
Correct Answer
D. 9 years

Explanation
Farou invests $2,000 at 8% interest. To find out how long it will take for his investment to double, we can use the rule of 72. The rule of 72 states that you can estimate the time it takes for an investment to double by dividing 72 by the interest rate. In this case, 72 divided by 8 gives us 9. Therefore, it will take approximately 9 years for Farou to double his investment.

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33.

What is the present value of $200 promised two years from now at 5% annual interest?
- A.
  
  $190.00
- B.
  
  $220.00
- C.
  
  $180.00
- D.
  
  $181.41
Correct Answer
D. $181.41

Explanation
The present value of $200 promised two years from now at 5% annual interest can be calculated using the formula for present value of a future sum of money. The formula is PV = FV / (1 + r)^n, where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years. Plugging in the values, we get PV = $200 / (1 + 0.05)^2 = $200 / (1.05)^2 = $200 / 1.1025 = $181.41. Therefore, the correct answer is $181.41.

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34.

The higher the future value of the payment:
- A.
  
  The lower the present value
- B.
  
  The higher the present value
- C.
  
  The future value doesn't impact the present value, only the interest rate really matters
- D.
  
  The lower the present value because the interest rate must fall
Correct Answer
B. The higher the present value

Explanation
The correct answer is "The higher the present value". This means that as the future value of the payment increases, the present value also increases. This is because a higher future value indicates that the payment will be worth more in the future, so in order to have that higher future value, the present value must also be higher. This relationship is influenced by factors such as interest rates and the time value of money.

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35.

The lower the interest rate, i:
- A.
  
  The lower is the present value
- B.
  
  The greater must be n
- C.
  
  The higher is the present value
- D.
  
  The higher is the future value
Correct Answer
C. The higher is the present value

Explanation
When the interest rate is lower, the present value of an investment increases. This is because a lower interest rate means that the value of money in the future is worth more in the present. Therefore, the present value of an investment is higher when the interest rate is lower.

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36.

The coupon rate for a coupon bond is equal to:
- A.
  
  The annual coupon payment divided by the face value of the bond
- B.
  
  The annual coupon payment divided by the purchase price of the bond
- C.
  
  The purchase price of the bond divided by the coupon payment
- D.
  
  The annual coupon payment divided by the selling price of the bond
Correct Answer
A. The annual coupon payment divided by the face value of the bond

Explanation
The coupon rate for a coupon bond is equal to the annual coupon payment divided by the face value of the bond. This is because the coupon rate represents the annual interest payment as a percentage of the bond's face value. It is a fixed percentage that is determined at the time of issuance and remains constant throughout the life of the bond. The face value of the bond is the amount that will be paid back to the bondholder at maturity, and the annual coupon payment is the periodic interest payment made by the issuer to the bondholder. Therefore, dividing the annual coupon payment by the face value of the bond gives the coupon rate.

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37.

If a bond has a face value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 4.25%, the bond owner will receive annual coupon payments of:
- A.
  
  $425.00
- B.
  
  $4.25
- C.
  
  $42.50
- D.
  
  A value that cannot be determined from the information provided
Correct Answer
C. $42.50

Explanation
A bond with a face value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 4.25% means that the bond owner will receive an annual coupon payment equal to 4.25% of the face value. Therefore, the annual coupon payment will be $1000 * 0.0425 = $42.50.

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38.

The price of a coupon bond will increase as:
- A.
  
  The face value decreases
- B.
  
  The yield increases
- C.
  
  The coupon payments decrease
- D.
  
  The term to maturity is shorter
Correct Answer
D. The term to maturity is shorter

Explanation
When the term to maturity is shorter, it means that the bond will mature sooner. As the bond approaches its maturity date, the risk associated with it decreases, leading to an increase in its price. This is because investors are willing to pay a higher price for a bond that will provide them with their principal sooner. Therefore, the price of a coupon bond will increase as the term to maturity is shorter.

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39.

A borrower who makes a $1000 loan for one year and earns interest in the amount of $75, earns what nominal interest rate and what real interest rate if inflation is two percent?
- A.
  
  A nominal rate of 5.5% and a real rate of 2.0%
- B.
  
  A nominal rate of 7.5% and a real rate of 5.0%
- C.
  
  A nominal rate of 7.5% and a real rate of 9.5%
- D.
  
  A nominal rate of 7.5% and a real rate of 5.5%
Correct Answer
D. A nominal rate of 7.5% and a real rate of 5.5%

Explanation
The borrower earns a total of $75 in interest on a $1000 loan, which is a nominal interest rate of 7.5% ($75/$1000). The real interest rate is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. In this case, the inflation rate is 2%, so the real interest rate is 5.5% (7.5% - 2%). Therefore, the correct answer is a nominal rate of 7.5% and a real rate of 5.5%.

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40.

As inflation increases, for any fixed nominal interest rate, the real interest rate:
- A.
  
  Also increases
- B.
  
  Remains the same, that's why it is real
- C.
  
  Decreases
- D.
  
  Decreases by less than the increase in inflation
Correct Answer
C. Decreases

Explanation
As inflation increases, the purchasing power of money decreases. This means that the same amount of money can buy fewer goods and services. Therefore, the real value of the fixed nominal interest rate decreases because the interest earned is not sufficient to compensate for the loss in purchasing power. Thus, the correct answer is that the real interest rate decreases.

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41.

A pure discount bond is also known as:
- A.
  
  A consol
- B.
  
  A fixed payment loan
- C.
  
  A coupon bond
- D.
  
  A zero-coupon bond
Correct Answer
D. A zero-coupon bond

Explanation
A pure discount bond is also known as a zero-coupon bond because it does not pay any periodic interest or coupon payments. Instead, it is issued at a discount to its face value and the investor receives the full face value of the bond at maturity. This type of bond is attractive to investors who are looking for a fixed return at a future date without the need for regular interest payments.

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42.

A 10-year Treasury note has a face value of $1,000, price of $1,200, and a 7.5% coupon rate. Based on this information, we know:
- A.
  
  The present value is greater than its price
- B.
  
  The current yield is equal to 8.33%
- C.
  
  The coupon payment on this bond is equal to $75
- D.
  
  The coupon payment on this bond is equal to $90
Correct Answer
C. The coupon payment on this bond is equal to $75

Explanation
The coupon payment on this bond is equal to $75 because the coupon rate is given as 7.5% and the face value of the bond is $1,000. To calculate the coupon payment, we multiply the face value by the coupon rate: $1,000 x 0.075 = $75.

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43.

If the annual interest rate is 5% (.05), the price of a one-year Treasury bill per $100 of face value would be:
- A.
  
  $95.00
- B.
  
  $97.50
- C.
  
  $95.24
- D.
  
  $96.10
Correct Answer
C. $95.24

Explanation
The price of a one-year Treasury bill per $100 of face value can be calculated by subtracting the annual interest rate from 1 and then multiplying the result by the face value. In this case, 1 - 0.05 = 0.95. Multiplying 0.95 by $100 gives us $95.00. Therefore, the correct answer is $95.00.

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44.

If a consol is offering an annual coupon of $50 and the annual interest rate is 6%, the price of the consol is:
- A.
  
  $47.17
- B.
  
  $813.00
- C.
  
  $833.33
- D.
  
  $8333.33
Correct Answer
C. $833.33

Explanation
The price of a consol can be calculated using the formula Price = Coupon / Interest Rate. In this case, the coupon is $50 and the interest rate is 6%. Therefore, the price of the consol is $50 / 0.06 = $833.33.

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45.

Which of the following statements is most accurate?
- A.
  
  Yield to maturity is equal to the coupon rate if the bond is held to maturity
- B.
  
  Yield to maturity is the same as the coupon rate
- C.
  
  Yield to maturity will exceed the coupon rate if the bond is purchased for face value
- D.
  
  Yield to maturity is the same as the coupon rate if the bond is purchased for face value and held to maturity
Correct Answer
D. Yield to maturity is the same as the coupon rate if the bond is purchased for face value and held to maturity

Explanation
Yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until it matures. It takes into account the bond's current market price, its face value, the coupon rate, and the time remaining until maturity. If a bond is purchased for face value and held until maturity, the yield to maturity will be the same as the coupon rate. This is because the investor will receive the coupon payments as well as the face value of the bond at maturity, resulting in a total return equal to the coupon rate.

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46.

A $1000 face value bond purchased for $965.00, with an annual coupon of $60, and 20 years to maturity has:
- A.
  
  A current yield equal to 6.22%
- B.
  
  A current yield equal to 6.00%
- C.
  
  A coupon rate equal to 6.22%
- D.
  
  A yield to maturity and current yield equal to 6.00%
Correct Answer
A. A current yield equal to 6.22%

Explanation
The current yield is calculated by dividing the annual coupon payment by the purchase price of the bond. In this case, the bond has an annual coupon of $60 and was purchased for $965.00. Therefore, the current yield is (60/965) = 0.0622, or 6.22%.

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47.

Which of the following $1,000 face- value securities with the same maturity has the lowest yield to maturity?
- A.
  
  A 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000
- B.
  
  A 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,100
- C.
  
  A 12 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000
- D.
  
  A 12 percent coupon bond selling for $ 900
Correct Answer
B. A 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,100

Explanation
The yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if held until it matures. It is expressed as an annual percentage rate. In this case, the bond with the lowest yield to maturity would be the one selling for $1,100 because the higher purchase price reduces the overall return on the investment. The other bonds are either selling for the face value or at a discount, which would result in a higher yield to maturity.

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48.

A 30-year Treasury bond as a face value of $1,000, price of $1,200 with a $50 coupon payment. Assume the price of this bond decreases to $1,100 over the next year. The one-year holding period return is equal to:
- A.
  
  -9.17%
- B.
  
  -8.33%
- C.
  
  -4.17%
- D.
  
  -3.79%
Correct Answer
C. -4.17%

Explanation
The one-year holding period return is calculated by taking the change in price of the bond ($1,100 - $1,200 = -$100) and adding the coupon payment ($50). Then, this total return ($-100 + $50 = -$50) is divided by the initial price of the bond ($1,200). Finally, multiplying this result by 100 gives the percentage return. In this case, the one-year holding period return is -4.17%.

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49.

In considering the holding period return, the longer the term of the bond the:
- A.
  
  Less important is the capital gain and the more important in the current yield
- B.
  
  Less important is the coupon rate and the more important is the current yield
- C.
  
  Less important is the capital gain
- D.
  
  More important is the capital gain
Correct Answer
D. More important is the capital gain

Explanation
The correct answer is "More important is the capital gain." When considering the holding period return, the longer the term of the bond, the more important the capital gain becomes. This is because as the bond approaches maturity, the capital gain or loss becomes a larger percentage of the total return. In contrast, the current yield and coupon rate remain relatively constant over the life of the bond and are less affected by changes in the bond's term. Therefore, the capital gain becomes a more significant factor in determining the overall return for longer-term bonds.

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50.

Bond prices and yields:
- A.
  
  Move together in the same direction
- B.
  
  Do not change if the coupon is fixed
- C.
  
  Move together inversely
- D.
  
  Are independent of each other
Correct Answer
A. Move together in the same direction

Explanation
Bond prices and yields move together in the same direction because they have an inverse relationship. When bond prices increase, yields decrease, and vice versa. This is because as bond prices rise, the fixed coupon payment becomes a smaller percentage of the bond's price, resulting in a lower yield. Conversely, when bond prices decrease, yields increase because the fixed coupon payment represents a larger percentage of the bond's price. Therefore, bond prices and yields are closely related and tend to move in the same direction.

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Final Exam Part 1

Which of the following would not be considered a characteristic of money?

A society without any money:

The unit of account characteristic of money:

Money as a means of payments refers only to:

An individual who stores wealth in art rather than money will find that he/she:

The money aggregate M2 includes:

The introduction of money market substitutes for basic checking accounts was fueled partially by:

Between 1960 and 1980:

When the price level increases, the purchasing power of money:

In countries with low inflation:

Investing in financial instruments in today's economy:

Identify which of the following is not one of the five core principles of money and banking?

Identify which item is not one of the six parts of the financial system.

The statement "risk requires compensation" implies that people:

Which of the following statements best describes financial instruments?

When an individual obtains a car loan and makes all of the regular monthly payments, the sum of the payments made will exceed the purchase price of the car. This is due primarily to the core principle:

A financial intermediary:

Tom obtains a car loan from Old Town Bank.

Kate buys a share of Google. Google uses the funds raised from selling its stock to expand its operations into Asia. This is an example of:

Which of the following is not a financial intermediary?

Financial instruments are different from money because:

A borrower has information that it does not make available to a prospective lender; this is an example of:

A derivative instrument:

Considering the value of a financial instrument, the sooner the promised payment is made:

Financial instruments used primarily as stores of value would not include:

Roles served by financial markets include the following, except:

A primary financial market is a market:

Debt instruments that have maturities less than one year are traded in:

All of the following are depository institutions, except:

If the interest rate is zero, a promise to receive a $100 payment one year from now is:

Suppose Tom receives one-year loan from ABC Bank for $5000.00. At the end of the year, Tom repays $5400.00 to ABC Bank. Assuming the simple calculation of interest, the interest rate on Tom's loan was:

Farou invests $2,000 at 8% interest. About how long will it take for Farou to double his investment (e.g., to have $4,000)?

What is the present value of $200 promised two years from now at 5% annual interest?

The higher the future value of the payment:

The lower the interest rate, i:

The coupon rate for a coupon bond is equal to:

If a bond has a face value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 4.25%, the bond owner will receive annual coupon payments of:

The price of a coupon bond will increase as:

A borrower who makes a $1000 loan for one year and earns interest in the amount of $75, earns what nominal interest rate and what real interest rate if inflation is two percent?

As inflation increases, for any fixed nominal interest rate, the real interest rate:

A pure discount bond is also known as:

A 10-year Treasury note has a face value of $1,000, price of $1,200, and a 7.5% coupon rate. Based on this information, we know:

If the annual interest rate is 5% (.05), the price of a one-year Treasury bill per $100 of face value would be:

If a consol is offering an annual coupon of $50 and the annual interest rate is 6%, the price of the consol is:

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A $1000 face value bond purchased for $965.00, with an annual coupon of $60, and 20 years to maturity has:

Which of the following $1,000 face- value securities with the same maturity has the lowest yield to maturity?

A 30-year Treasury bond as a face value of $1,000, price of $1,200 with a $50 coupon payment. Assume the price of this bond decreases to $1,100 over the next year. The one-year holding period return is equal to:

In considering the holding period return, the longer the term of the bond the:

Bond prices and yields: