Deviant Behavior Exam 1
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Absolutist is most closely related to which presepctive?
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Functionalism
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Feminist Critique
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Strain Theory
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Symbolic interactist
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About This Quiz
The quize should be multiple choice and true and false.
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- 2.
Absoultists belive
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Deviance is based on learning
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Deviance is based on reactions
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Deviance is based on those in power
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Deviance is timeless, global, & universal
Correct Answer
A. Deviance is timeless, global, & universalExplanation
The given correct answer suggests that deviance is not limited to a specific time period, geographical location, or culture. It implies that deviant behavior exists across different societies and throughout history. This perspective views deviance as a universal phenomenon that is not confined to any particular group or society.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Costello believed deviance was based on what?
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Reactions
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Learning
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Harm
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Power
Correct Answer
A. HarmExplanation
Costello believed that deviance was based on harm. This suggests that he believed individuals engage in deviant behavior because they perceive it as causing harm to themselves or others. This perspective aligns with the idea that people are more likely to engage in deviant behavior when they believe it will result in some form of benefit or when they feel that it is necessary to protect themselves or others from harm.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Relativist is most related to which perspective?
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Functionalism
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Symbolinc interactionist
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Conflict theory
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Feminist theory
Correct Answer
A. Symbolinc interactionistExplanation
The term "relativist" suggests a perspective that emphasizes the subjective nature of reality and the importance of understanding different interpretations and meanings. Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on how individuals interact and create meaning through symbols and shared understandings. This perspective aligns with the idea of relativism as it recognizes the significance of individual interpretations and the social construction of reality. Therefore, the correct answer is symbolic interactionist.Rate this question:
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- 5.
According to the relativists deviance is..
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Whatever a social audience reacts against
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What ever causes harm
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What ever those in power say is deviant
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Based on a patriacal system
Correct Answer
A. Whatever a social audience reacts againstExplanation
According to the relativists, deviance is defined as whatever a social audience reacts against. This means that deviance is not an inherent characteristic of an action or behavior, but rather it is determined by the reaction and judgment of the society or social group. In other words, an act or behavior is considered deviant if it goes against the norms, values, or expectations of the social audience. This perspective emphasizes the subjective nature of deviance and highlights the importance of social context in defining what is considered deviant.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The ABC's of deviance are all except
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Attitudes
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Behaviors
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Conditions
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Circumstances
Correct Answer
A. CircumstancesExplanation
The ABC's of deviance refer to attitudes, behaviors, and conditions that are considered deviant in society. Circumstances, on the other hand, are external factors or situations that may influence or contribute to deviant behavior, but they are not considered a direct component of deviance itself. Therefore, circumstances are the correct answer as they are not part of the ABC's of deviance.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Costello's critique of Becker was what?
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Based on harm
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Based on a partriarical system
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Not scientific
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Based on right and wrong
Correct Answer
A. Not scientificExplanation
Costello's critique of Becker can be described as not scientific. This suggests that Costello's criticism of Becker's work was not based on empirical evidence, logical reasoning, or rigorous research methods. Instead, it implies that Costello's critique may have been subjective, biased, or lacking in scientific validity.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Social Power Perspective is most closely related to what theory?
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Control
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Feminist
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Conflict
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Differental association
Correct Answer
A. ConflictExplanation
The Social Power Perspective is closely related to the Conflict theory. This theory focuses on the idea that society is made up of different groups with competing interests and that social change occurs through conflict and struggle between these groups. The Social Power Perspective also emphasizes the unequal distribution of power and resources in society, which can lead to social inequality and oppression. Therefore, the Conflict theory aligns with the Social Power Perspective as both emphasize the role of conflict and power dynamics in shaping social structures and relationships.Rate this question:
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- 9.
SPP treats what as the primary concept?
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Harm
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Reaction
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Power
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Control
Correct Answer
A. PowerExplanation
SPP treats power as the primary concept. This means that SPP focuses on understanding and analyzing power dynamics, influences, and distributions in various contexts. It examines how power is exercised, acquired, and maintained, and how it impacts individuals, groups, and societies. By prioritizing power, SPP aims to uncover and address inequalities, injustices, and abuses of power, ultimately working towards creating more equitable and just systems.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Who is related to SPP?
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Becker
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Costello
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Alder
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Quinney
Correct Answer
A. QuinneyExplanation
The given question asks about the person who is related to SPP. Out of the four options provided, the only person mentioned is Quinney. Therefore, Quinney is the correct answer as the question does not provide any other information to suggest a different relationship.Rate this question:
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- 11.
According to the SPP defining crime reproduces powerful inequalities that relate to what? All are true except ...?
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Social
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Cultural
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Economic
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Political
Correct Answer
A. CulturalExplanation
Defining crime reproduces powerful inequalities that relate to social, economic, and political factors. However, it does not directly relate to cultural factors. Cultural factors may influence the perception and understanding of crime, but they do not play a direct role in reproducing powerful inequalities.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Quinney's ____________________, suggests that definitions of deviance develop because the powerful are protecting their interests
Correct Answer
Social Reality of CrimeExplanation
Quinney's theory of the "Social Reality of Crime" proposes that definitions of deviance and crime are constructed by those in power in order to safeguard their own interests. This perspective suggests that the powerful individuals and groups in society shape and manipulate the understanding of what constitutes deviant behavior in order to maintain their control and dominance. By defining certain actions as deviant or criminal, those in power can effectively control and regulate the behavior of others, thereby protecting their own status and interests. This theory highlights the social construction of crime and deviance, emphasizing the role of power dynamics in shaping societal perceptions and responses to these behaviors.Rate this question:
- 13.
Quinney's Social Reality of Crime has _________ propositions.
Correct Answer
6Explanation
Quinney's Social Reality of Crime has 6 propositions.Rate this question:
- 14.
Deviance exists because the functions it provides, what are the functions of deviance?
Correct Answer
Moral Boundaries
Group Solidarity
Adaptive Innovation
Reduding Internal Societal TenisonsExplanation
Deviance serves several functions in society. Firstly, it helps to establish and maintain moral boundaries by defining what is considered acceptable behavior. Deviant acts highlight the norms and values of a society, reinforcing the boundaries between right and wrong. Secondly, deviance can strengthen group solidarity by creating a sense of unity and shared identity among members who conform to societal norms. It can also promote adaptive innovation as deviant behavior may lead to the development of new ideas and solutions. Lastly, deviance can reduce internal societal tensions by serving as a form of social control, allowing societies to release and manage built-up frustrations and conflicts.Rate this question:
- 15.
According to the strain theory, Innovation is when you have no goals but you have the means?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
According to the strain theory, innovation refers to the creation of new goals or means to achieve them when individuals face societal strains or lack of opportunities. It is not when individuals have no goals but have the means. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Strain theory is based on?
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Goals and means
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Harm
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Control
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Power
Correct Answer
A. Goals and meansExplanation
Strain theory is based on the concept of goals and means. According to this theory, individuals experience strain or frustration when they are unable to achieve their desired goals through legitimate means. This strain can lead to deviant behavior as individuals may resort to illegitimate means to attain their goals. Therefore, the theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between societal goals and the means available to individuals in order to explain deviant behavior.Rate this question:
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- 17.
According to the strain theory ritualistic is when you have no goals, but you have the means
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
According to the strain theory, ritualistic behavior occurs when individuals have no goals but still have the means to achieve them. This means that they may engage in repetitive, monotonous actions without any clear purpose or ambition. Therefore, the statement that "according to the strain theory, ritualistic is when you have no goals, but you have the means" is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The strain theory was developed by who?
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Costello
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Merton
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Beck
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Durkhiem
Correct Answer
A. MertonExplanation
The strain theory was developed by Merton. This theory suggests that individuals may engage in deviant behavior when they are unable to achieve socially accepted goals through legitimate means. Merton argued that the strain between societal goals and the means to achieve them can lead to various forms of deviance, such as criminal behavior.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Differentail Association is based of what?
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Harm
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Learning
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Guilt
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Power
Correct Answer
A. LearningExplanation
Differential Association is based on the concept of learning. It suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior through their interactions with others, particularly in intimate and close-knit groups. According to this theory, individuals acquire criminal or deviant behavior patterns through a process of social learning, where they are exposed to definitions favorable to law violation. This learning can occur through various forms, such as direct communication, observation, and imitation. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "learning".Rate this question:
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- 20.
Differental Association has __________ principles?
Correct Answer
9Explanation
Differential Association has 9 principles.Rate this question:
- 21.
Differental Association has 2 core assumtions, what are they?
Correct Answer
deviance occurs when people define situations appropriate for violating the law
definitions of situations develop through history regarding past experiances and associations with othersExplanation
The two core assumptions of Differential Association are that deviance occurs when people define situations appropriate for violating the law, and that definitions of situations develop through history regarding past experiences and associations with others. This means that individuals engage in deviant behavior when they perceive a situation as suitable for breaking the law, and their understanding of what is appropriate or acceptable behavior is shaped by their past experiences and interactions with others. These assumptions highlight the social and cultural influences on deviant behavior and emphasize the importance of socialization and learning in the development of deviant tendencies.Rate this question:
- 22.
People who are exposed to favorable definitions of crime are less likely to commit crime
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Exposure to favorable definitions of crime does not necessarily decrease the likelihood of committing a crime. The perception of crime and its definition varies among individuals and societies. Factors such as personal values, social environment, and upbringing play a significant role in determining criminal behavior. While positive definitions of crime may influence some individuals to refrain from criminal activities, it cannot be generalized that everyone exposed to such definitions will automatically be deterred from committing crimes. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 23.
These incluence deviant out comes. All of the following are correct exepect?
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Fruequency
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History
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Duration
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Priority
Correct Answer
A. HistoryExplanation
The question is asking which of the given options is NOT correct in terms of influencing deviant outcomes. Frequency, duration, and priority are all factors that can influence deviant outcomes. However, history refers to past events or experiences and may not directly influence deviant outcomes. Therefore, history is the correct answer as it does not have a significant impact on deviant outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The key assumption of the labeling theory is that deviance depends on ___________ definitions?
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Subjective
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Objective
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Realitive
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Related
Correct Answer
A. SubjectiveExplanation
The key assumption of the labeling theory is that deviance depends on subjective definitions. This means that whether an act is considered deviant or not is determined by the subjective judgments and perceptions of individuals or groups in society. The labeling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act itself, but rather it is the result of societal reactions and labels placed on individuals who engage in certain behaviors. These labels can vary across different cultures, societies, and even among different individuals within the same society, highlighting the subjective nature of deviance.Rate this question:
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- 25.
There are 3 associations to the labeling theory, what is one of them?
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Qualitative research methods
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Quantiative research methods
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Surveys
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Obsevations
Correct Answer
A. Qualitative research methodsExplanation
One of the associations to the labeling theory is qualitative research methods. This is because qualitative research methods focus on understanding the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals, which aligns with the labeling theory's emphasis on how societal labels and judgments can influence an individual's self-perception and behavior. Qualitative research methods involve techniques such as interviews, observations, and analysis of textual data, which can provide rich and in-depth insights into the labeling process and its effects on individuals.Rate this question:
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- 26.
There are 3 associations of labeling theorists what is one?
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Innovation
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Unknown
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Independant
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Inductive
Correct Answer
A. InductiveExplanation
Inductive is the correct answer because labeling theorists use inductive reasoning to develop their theories. Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or patterns. In the context of labeling theory, researchers observe specific instances of labeling and then generalize their findings to develop broader theories about the effects of labeling on individuals and society. This approach allows labeling theorists to build their theories from the ground up, starting with specific observations and gradually forming broader conclusions.Rate this question:
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- 27.
There are 3 associations to labeling theory what is one?
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Citizens
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Critical & normalicy
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Critical & authority
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Critical & anomie
Correct Answer
A. Critical & authorityExplanation
One association to labeling theory is the critical perspective, which emphasizes the negative consequences of labeling individuals as deviant or criminal. Another association is authority, as labeling theory suggests that the power and authority of those who label individuals play a significant role in the labeling process and its effects. This perspective highlights how the authority figures, such as police officers or judges, have the power to attach labels to individuals, which can have long-lasting impacts on their lives and social interactions.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What are the critiques of the labeling theory?
Correct Answer
traditional focus on the causes were still important
a need to focus of the powerful not the powerlessExplanation
The critiques of the labeling theory include the traditional focus on the causes still being important, implying that the theory does not adequately address the underlying factors that contribute to labeling individuals. Additionally, there is a need to shift the focus from the powerless to the powerful, suggesting that the theory should also examine the role of those in positions of authority and their influence on labeling processes.Rate this question:
- 29.
Once some one is labeled deviant this can cause?
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Primary deviance
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Secondary deviance
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Degratiion ceremony
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Symbols
Correct Answer
A. Secondary devianceExplanation
Secondary deviance refers to the behavior that occurs as a result of a person being labeled as deviant by society. Once someone is labeled as deviant, it can cause them to internalize this label and engage in further deviant behavior. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as the person feeling stigmatized or rejected by society, or as a way to rebel against societal norms and expectations. Secondary deviance can lead to a cycle of continued deviant behavior, further reinforcing the person's deviant identity.Rate this question:
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- 30.
"we seek pleasure and aviod pain" is most related to?
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Strain theory
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Labeling theory
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Symbolic interactist
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Control theory
Correct Answer
A. Control theoryExplanation
The statement "we seek pleasure and avoid pain" is most related to control theory. Control theory suggests that individuals are motivated to behave in ways that maximize pleasure and minimize pain. It emphasizes the role of internal and external controls in regulating behavior. This statement aligns with the idea that individuals are driven to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which is a fundamental aspect of control theory.Rate this question:
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- 31.
According to the control theory deliquents are less bonded to their parents?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
According to the control theory, delinquents are less bonded to their parents. This theory suggests that individuals who have weak bonds with their parents are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. These weak bonds can be due to factors such as lack of parental supervision, inconsistent discipline, or poor parent-child communication. Delinquents may feel disconnected from their parents and therefore seek out other sources of support or validation, which can lead to involvement in delinquent activities.Rate this question:
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- 32.
According to the control theory your friends don't influence you you seek out your friends
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
According to the control theory, individuals actively choose their friends based on their own preferences and needs, rather than being influenced by their friends. This means that you are the one who seeks out friends who align with your interests, values, and goals. Therefore, the statement "your friends don't influence you, you seek out your friends" is true.Rate this question:
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- 33.
According to social control theory deivance occurs when?
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You goals and means don't match up
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The powerful make the rules
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Social bonds are low or weakened
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You learn it through interactions with otheres
Correct Answer
A. Social bonds are low or weakenedExplanation
According to social control theory, deviance occurs when social bonds are low or weakened. This means that individuals who have weak or limited connections to society, such as weak family ties or lack of involvement in community activities, are more likely to engage in deviant behavior. The theory suggests that strong social bonds act as a form of social control, preventing individuals from engaging in deviant acts. When these bonds are weakened or absent, individuals may feel less constrained by societal norms and more inclined to engage in deviant behavior.Rate this question:
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- 34.
All of the following are elements of bonds except which?
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Involvement
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Assumptions
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Commitment
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Beliefs
Correct Answer
A. AssumptionsExplanation
Bonds typically involve elements such as involvement, commitment, and beliefs, as they are built on trust, shared values, and emotional connections. Assumptions, on the other hand, are not necessarily a core element of bonds. While assumptions can exist within a bond, they are not an inherent part of it. Assumptions are more related to individual perspectives and expectations, which may influence the bond but are not essential to its existence.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What theory is related to the saying, "acts of force or fraud under taken in the pursuit of self interest"?
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Control theory
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Social control theory
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Self control theory
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Individual control theory
Correct Answer
A. Self control theoryExplanation
The correct answer is self control theory. Self control theory is related to the saying "acts of force or fraud undertaken in the pursuit of self-interest." This theory suggests that individuals with low self-control are more likely to engage in criminal behavior, including acts of force or fraud, in order to satisfy their immediate self-interests.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Charateristics of low self control include all except?
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Impulsivity
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Easily angered
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Risk taking
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Insensitivity
Correct Answer
A. Easily angeredExplanation
Low self-control is typically associated with impulsivity, risk-taking, and insensitivity. These traits are often seen in individuals who struggle with self-control and have difficulty managing their emotions and actions. However, being easily angered is not typically considered a characteristic of low self-control. While individuals with low self-control may experience anger, it is not necessarily a defining characteristic of their behavior.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The thought that by the age of 9 a persons self control level is crystalized.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that by the age of 9, a person's self-control level becomes fixed or solidified. This means that their ability to regulate their emotions, impulses, and behavior is fully developed and unlikely to change significantly. This aligns with research in developmental psychology, which indicates that self-control tends to improve throughout childhood and adolescence, with notable advancements occurring by the age of 9. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The feminist theory of deviance focuses on all of the following except?
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Interaction between men and women
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Labeling female behavior
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Victimization
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Social movements
Correct Answer
A. Interaction between men and womenExplanation
The feminist theory of deviance examines various aspects related to gender and deviant behavior. It explores the labeling and perception of female behavior, the role of victimization in deviance, and the influence of social movements. However, it does not specifically focus on the interaction between men and women as a central aspect of deviance. This answer suggests that the feminist theory of deviance encompasses all the mentioned aspects except the interaction between men and women.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The womens movement cause more woman to do deviant acts because their mothers were at work and not how taking care of them.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
This statement suggests that the women's movement caused more women to engage in deviant acts because their mothers were not taking care of them. However, this explanation is not supported by any evidence or logical reasoning. The women's movement aimed to achieve gender equality and empower women, not to encourage deviant behavior. Additionally, the assumption that working mothers are neglectful or unable to care for their children is a stereotype and not universally true. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 40.
_______________ view relaity as social constructed
Correct Answer
social constructionismExplanation
Social constructionism is a theoretical perspective that views reality as socially constructed. It suggests that our understanding of the world is shaped by social and cultural influences, rather than being an objective and fixed reality. According to social constructionism, knowledge and meaning are created through social interactions and shared understandings. This perspective challenges the notion of an objective reality and emphasizes the importance of examining the social and cultural context in which knowledge is produced and understood.Rate this question:
- 41.
Examples of social constructionism include all of the following except?
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Organizational deviance
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The war on drugs
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Social construction of reality
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The medicalization of deviance
Correct Answer
A. Social construction of realityExplanation
Social constructionism is a sociological theory that suggests that reality is not an objective truth but is created and shaped by individuals and societies through social interactions and interpretations. It emphasizes the role of language, symbols, and social institutions in constructing our understanding of the world. The examples listed in the question, such as organizational deviance, the war on drugs, and the medicalization of deviance, all demonstrate how social constructs influence our perception and treatment of certain behaviors or phenomena. However, the "social construction of reality" is not an example of social constructionism itself but rather a concept within the theory that explains how individuals collectively create and maintain their understanding of the world.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Another example of social constructionism was_______ madness
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Cadillaci
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Cruser
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Pinto
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Dodge
Correct Answer
A. PintoExplanation
The correct answer is "pinto" because it is a reference to the term "pinto madness," which was a social constructionist perspective on the safety of the Ford Pinto car model in the 1970s. This perspective highlighted the social and cultural factors that influenced the perception and construction of the dangers associated with the car, rather than solely focusing on objective facts or evidence. Social constructionism emphasizes the role of societal beliefs, values, and interpretations in shaping our understanding of reality.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The terms crime and deviance can be used interchangably
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The terms "crime" and "deviance" cannot be used interchangeably. While both concepts involve behavior that goes against societal norms, they have distinct meanings. Crime refers to actions that are illegal and punishable by law, whereas deviance encompasses any behavior that deviates from social norms, whether or not it is illegal. Therefore, it is incorrect to use these terms interchangeably.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Everything that is considered deviant is a crime
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement "everything that is considered deviant is a crime" is false. Deviance refers to behavior that goes against societal norms, while a crime refers to a specific act that is prohibited by law. Not all deviant behaviors are considered crimes, as there can be actions that are socially frowned upon but not illegal. For example, wearing unconventional clothing or having unconventional beliefs may be considered deviant, but they are not crimes. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What was not an early conceptiion of deviance?
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Demonic
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Classical
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Religious
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Pathological
Correct Answer
A. ReligiousExplanation
In the early conception of deviance, the idea of deviance being influenced by religious factors was not present. The other three options - demonic, classical, and pathological - were all early conceptualizations of deviance. The demonic perspective viewed deviance as being caused by evil spirits or supernatural forces. The classical perspective saw deviance as a rational choice made by individuals based on the potential benefits and consequences. The pathological perspective considered deviance as a result of mental illness or psychological abnormalities. However, the religious perspective was not considered as an early conception of deviance.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Deviance first appeared in the american socological journal in what year? __________
Correct Answer
1948Explanation
The correct answer is 1948. This means that deviance first appeared in the American Sociological Journal in the year 1948.Rate this question:
- 47.
The study of deviance peaked when?
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1960s
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1948
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1970s
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1990
Correct Answer
A. 1970sExplanation
The study of deviance peaked in the 1970s. This period saw a significant increase in research and interest in understanding and explaining deviant behavior. The 1970s marked a shift in focus from individualistic explanations of deviance to more structural and societal factors influencing deviant behavior. This was also a time when new theories and perspectives, such as labeling theory and conflict theory, gained prominence in the field of deviance studies. The 1970s can be considered a turning point in the study of deviance, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Using statistical definitions of deviance what would not be considered deviant?
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Mental retardation
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Genious iq
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Being to tall
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Being average height
Correct Answer
A. Being average heightExplanation
Being average height would not be considered deviant according to statistical definitions of deviance. Deviance is typically defined as behavior or characteristics that deviate significantly from the norm or average. In this case, being average height means falling within the range of what is considered normal or typical, and therefore does not deviate from the statistical norm.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Primary focus on exteme groups deemphasizes serious violence in society and further stigmatizes some behaviors and groups.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that when the primary focus is on extreme groups, it tends to downplay the presence of serious violence in society and also perpetuates stereotypes and stigmatization of certain behaviors and groups. This implies that by solely focusing on extreme groups, we may overlook or underestimate the broader issues of violence and discriminate against certain individuals or communities.Rate this question:
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