Development Of The Respiratory System

9 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Total Attempts: 620

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Development Of The Respiratory System - Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.

One-eighth to one-sixth of the adult number of alveoli are present in the lungs at birth. Their number increases after birth for at least _________ years.
- A.
  
  2
- B.
  
  4
- C.
  
  6
- D.
  
  8
- E.
  
  10
2.

Pulmonary surfactant is produced by
- A.
  
  Alveolar epithelial cells
- B.
  
  Blood cells
- C.
  
  Alveolar macrophages
- D.
  
  Endothelial cells
- E.
  
  Type II alveolar epithelial cells
3.

Which is the earliest period of lung maturation to support respiration in a premature fetus?
- A.
  
  Alveolar
- B.
  
  Terminal saccular
- C.
  
  Pseudoglandular
- D.
  
  Canalicular
- E.
  
  Embryonic
4.

Fetal breathing movements
- A.
  
  Occur regularly and continuously
- B.
  
  Facilitate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between mother and fetus
- C.
  
  Decrease as the time of delivery approaches
- D.
  
  Are essential for lung development
- E.
  
  Prevent aspiration of amniotic fluid
5.

A newborn infant was observed to have continuous coughing and choking. There was an excessive amount of mucous secretion and saliva in the infant’s mouth. The infant showed considerable difficulty breathing. The physician was not able to pass a catheter through the esophagus into the stomach. The most likely diagnosis is
- A.
  
  Tracheal stenoisis
- B.
  
  Tracheal atresia
- C.
  
  Hyaline membrane disease
- D.
  
  Duodenal atresia
- E.
  
  Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
6.

Type I pneumocytes are derived from
- A.
  
  Splanchnic mesoderm
- B.
  
  Neuroectoderm
- C.
  
  Endoderm
- D.
  
  Neural crest cells
- E.
  
  Intermediate mesoderm
7.

In a four week embryo, the foregut is divided into a dorsal esophagus and a ventral trachea by
- A.
  
  Tracheal ridges
- B.
  
  Esophageal ridges
- C.
  
  A gut septum derived from neural crest cells
- D.
  
  Tracheoesophageal ridges
- E.
  
  Laryngeal ridges
8.

Which of the following statements regarding lung maturation is correct?
- A.
  
  The canalicular period starts at 26 weeks
- B.
  
  Surfactant is produced by type II pneumocytes during the pseudoglandular period
- C.
  
  Over 600 million alveoli are present at birth
- D.
  
  The blood:air barrier forms during the terminal saccular period
- E.
  
  Respiratory epithelium is primarily pseudostratified squamous cuboidal
9.

Which of the following statements regarding the developing bronchi is correct?
- A.
  
  Terminal bronchioles will branch to give respiratory bronchioles
- B.
  
  Secondary bronchi are also known as segmental bronchi
- C.
  
  Two secondary bronchi develop on the right and three secondary bronchi develop on the left
- D.
  
  A bronchopulmonary segment consists of only primary and secondary bronchi
- E.
  
  Terminal bronchioles are also known as quaternary bronchi