Dermatolgy - Aiims Past Questions

Given the history of bronchial asthma in the child's mother, the most likely diagnosis for the child's dermatitis on extensor surfaces is atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is commonly associated with other allergic conditions such as asthma and hay fever. It typically presents with itchy, red, and dry skin patches, often on the flexor surfaces of the body in infants and young children. The extensor surfaces being affected in this case may be due to scratching and rubbing of the affected areas. Therefore, atopic dermatitis is the probable diagnosis in this scenario.

Pityriasis rosea is a skin condition that is self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own without treatment. It is not a chronic relapsing condition or a life-threatening infection. Pityriasis rosea is not caused by dermatophytes, which are a type of fungi that cause fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Therefore, the correct statement about pityriasis rosea is that it is self-limiting.

Exclamation mark-like hairs are a characteristic feature of alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to hair loss. The exclamation mark-like hairs are short, broken hairs that are wider at the base and taper towards the top, resembling an exclamation mark. This pattern of hair loss is specific to alopecia areata and is not seen in other conditions such as telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, or anagen effluvium.

A KOH mount would be done for diagnosis in this case. A KOH mount is a microscopic examination of a sample using potassium hydroxide. It is commonly used to diagnose fungal infections, which can cause symptoms such as boggy swelling, discharging sinuses, and lymphadenopathy. By examining the sample under a microscope, the presence of fungal elements can be detected, confirming the diagnosis. Pus culture and biopsy may also be done for further evaluation, but the initial step would be a KOH mount to assess for fungal infection.

Cyproterone acetate is the correct answer because it is a medication that can help regulate menstrual cycles in women with irregular menses. It is commonly used in the treatment of hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can cause both acne and irregular periods. By addressing the underlying hormonal imbalance, cyproterone acetate can help improve both the acne and menstrual irregularities in this adolescent girl. Oral isotretinoin and oral minocycline are both medications commonly used to treat acne, but they would not directly address the issue of irregular menses. Oral acitretin is a medication used to treat severe psoriasis and would not be appropriate in this case.

Chemical peeling is a cosmetic procedure used to improve the appearance of the skin. It involves applying a chemical solution to the skin, which causes the outer layer to peel off, revealing smoother and younger-looking skin underneath. Trichloroacetic acid, carbolic acid (also known as phenol), and various other acids are commonly used for chemical peeling. However, phosphoric acid is not typically used for this purpose. It is more commonly used in industries such as food and beverage production, as a flavor enhancer or acidulant. Therefore, phosphoric acid is the correct answer as it is not used for chemical peeling.

Pautrier's microabscess is a histopathological finding characterized by the presence of atypical lymphocytes within the epidermis. It is most commonly associated with Mycosis fungoides, a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides typically presents with skin lesions that may resemble eczema or psoriasis, and Pautrier's microabscesses can be seen on skin biopsy. Sarcoidosis, Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica, and Tuberculosis are not typically associated with Pautrier's microabscess.

Salmon rash is not a dermatological manifestation of dermatomyositis. Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin and muscles. Gottron's patches, mechanic's hands, and periungual telangiectasia are all dermatological manifestations commonly seen in dermatomyositis. Salmon rash, on the other hand, is not associated with this condition.

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The most probable diagnosis for a sexually active male with recurrent ulcers over the glans penis that heal with hyperpigmentation is fixed drug eruptions. Fixed drug eruptions are a type of allergic reaction to medication that cause recurring skin lesions. These eruptions typically occur in the same location each time and leave behind hyperpigmentation after healing. Herpes genitalis is a viral infection that causes painful blisters, Chlamydial infection is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause urethritis or cervicitis, and aphthous ulcers are painful mouth sores. However, none of these options fit the given clinical presentation.

The probable diagnosis for the Farmer's single warty lesion on his leg is Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis.