Thorax 2 Heart, Pericardium ETC. Dec 6, 2014 Gross Anatomy Lecture

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  • 1/39 Questions

    The Following are True about the Pericardium Location Except?

    • Posterior to the body of the sternum & 2nd -6th costal cartilages
    • Anterior to the 4th- 6th thoracic vertebrae
    • Located in the middle of the mediastinum
    • All of the above
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About This Quiz

This quiz from a 2014 Gross Anatomy lecture focuses on the thorax, specifically the heart and pericardium. It tests knowledge on pericardium anatomy, ligaments, types, and common misconceptions about heart attacks, enhancing understanding for medical students.

Thorax 2 Heart, Pericardium ETC. Dec 6, 2014 Gross Anatomy Lecture - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is True  about the Pericardium?

    • Prevents excessive dilation of the heart in cases of acute volume overload

    • It serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart

    • Protects it from infections coming from other organs (such as lungs)

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All are True because The Pericarduim Function as a Lubricant protectection of the heart

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  • 3. 

    It is a ligament that attaches the fibrous pericardium to the sternum

    Correct Answer
    Sternopericardial Ligaments
    Sternopericardial
    Explanation
    The sternopericardial ligaments are a group of ligaments that connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum. These ligaments help to anchor and stabilize the heart within the chest cavity. They are located on the anterior surface of the heart and provide support to the pericardium, helping to maintain its position and prevent excessive movement or displacement.

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  • 4. 

    There are 2 kinds of Pericardium List at least one

    Correct Answer
    Fibrous
    Fibrous Pericardium
    Serous pericarduim
    Serous
    Serous and Fibrous Pericardium
    Serous Pericardium and Fibrous Pericardium
    Fibrous Pericardium and Serous Pericardium
    Explanation
    The Pericardium has 2 layer the Superficial called the Fibrous Pericardium, while the innermost is called the Serous Pericarduim

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  • 5. 

    All Heart Attack start with severe pain?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    False because Your Heart attack may start slowly with only mild chest pain or discomfort, or you may not get any pain at all- just discomfort in other areas of your upper body. You may also get a shocking feeling on your Throat , or heavy and useless arms

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  • 6. 

    The Following is False about the heart except 

    • Hollow muscular organ

    • Pyramid shaped

    • Located inferiorly to the diaphragm

    • Located approximately between the 5th and 6th rib

    Correct Answer
    A. Located inferiorly to the diaphragm
    Explanation
    The heart is located superiorly to the diaphargm

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  • 7. 

    The following are the surfaces of the heart except?

    • Sternocostal

    • Apex

    • Diaphragmatic

    • Base

    Correct Answer
    A. Apex
    Explanation
    The Heart has 3 surface the Sternocostal, diaphragmatic and the base

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  • 8. 

    The Following are False about the Apex, except?

    • Directed downward, forward, and to the right

    • Formed by the Right ventricle

    • Lies at Level of the 6th intercostal spaces

    • Lies opposite to the base

    Correct Answer
    A. Lies opposite to the base
    Explanation
    The Apex is downward, forward, and to the left, it is Formed by the left ventricle

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  • 9. 

    The following are True about the right atrium except 

    • It has 3 opening

    • Consist of a main cavity & and a small outpouching auricle

    • It is the First chamber where the deoxygenated blood flows from the organs

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. It has 3 opening
    Explanation
    The Right Atrium has 4 opening the Superior Vena cava, inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinuses, Right Atrioventricular orifice

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  • 10. 

    The heart rest on its Base?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The heart rest on its diaphragmatic (inferior) surface

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  • 11. 

    The Following are False about the Left Atrium except? 

    • Consists of a main cavity and a left auricle

    • Situated anteriorly behind the right atrium

    • It is separated from the esophagus by the Serous pericardium

    • The interior of the left atrium is rough

    Correct Answer
    A. Consists of a main cavity and a left auricle
    Explanation
    The left atrium is not situated anteriorly behind the right atrium, but rather posteriorly. The left atrium consists of a main cavity and a left auricle, it is separated from the esophagus by the serous pericardium, and the interior of the left atrium is rough.

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  • 12. 

    The Following are True about the Left ventricle except?

    • It has a circular cross section

    • It has the thickest wall among the chambers

    • Communicates with the Left atrium through the atrioventricular orifice

    • Its Trabeculae Carnae is not well developed

    Correct Answer
    A. Its Trabeculae Carnae is not well developed
    Explanation
    Its Trabeculae Carnae is well developed

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  • 13. 

    The Following are True about the Aortic Valve, except?

    • Consists of 3 cups

    • Guards the atrioventricular orifice

    • It has a similar structure to the pulmonary valve

    • It acts as a gate between the aorta and left venticle

    Correct Answer
    A. Guards the atrioventricular orifice
    Explanation
    guards the aortic orifice

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  • 14. 

    The Following are True about the Ventricular Septum smaller part , except?

    • Thin

    • Thick

    • Membranous

    • Attached to the fibrous skeleton

    Correct Answer
    A. Thick
    Explanation
    The ventricular septum is a wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart. It is composed of two parts, a smaller part and a larger part. The smaller part of the ventricular septum is thin, membranous, and attached to the fibrous skeleton. Therefore, the correct answer is "Thick" because the smaller part of the ventricular septum is not thick.

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  • 15. 

    It is a wall that divides the right and left atria 

    Correct Answer
    Atrial
    Atrial Septum
    Interatrial
    interatrial septum
    Explanation
    Atrial Septum divides the right and left atria

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  • 16. 

    The following are True  about the skeleton of the heart, Except?

    • It forms the basis of electrical discontinuity between the atria and the ventricles

    • It only surrounds the atrioventricular and aortic orifices

    • Prevents the valve from stretching

    • Consist of Fibrous rings

    Correct Answer
    A. It only surrounds the atrioventricular and aortic orifices
    Explanation
    surrounds the atrioventricular, aortic and pulmonary orifices

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  • 17. 

    The following are Conducting System of the Heart, Except?

    • Sinuatrial node

    • Sinuatrial bundle

    • Atrioventricular node

    • Atrioventricular bundle

    Correct Answer
    A. Sinuatrial bundle
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Sinuatrial bundle. The conducting system of the heart is responsible for coordinating the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles. It includes the Sinuatrial node, which is often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart, as it initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. The Atrioventricular node is located between the atria and ventricles and helps to transmit the electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles. The Atrioventricular bundle, also known as the Bundle of His, is a specialized bundle of fibers that conducts the electrical impulses from the Atrioventricular node to the ventricles. Therefore, the Sinuatrial bundle is not a part of the conducting system of the heart.

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  • 18. 

    What is the normal heart beat rate in a resting new born child ages 0- 1 month old

    Correct Answer
    70-190
    70-190 beats/min
    70-190 beat
    70-190 beats/min
    70-190 beats/minute
    130-150
    130-150 beats
    130-150 beats/min
    130-150 beats/minute
    130-150 bpm
    Explanation
    The normal heart beat rate in a resting newborn child ages 0-1 month old can range from 70 to 190 beats per minute (bpm) or 130 to 150 beats per minute (bpm).

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  • 19. 

    The pericardium is a double sac membrane in which the outer membrane is the "visceral" pericardium.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    It is the parietal layer

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  • 20. 

    The valves found at the entrance to the pulmonary artery and the aorta are known as "semilunar"

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The valves found at the entrance to the pulmonary artery and the aorta are known as "semilunar" because they have half-moon shaped flaps. These valves prevent the backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles, ensuring that blood flows in one direction only. The semilunar valves open when the ventricles contract and close when the ventricles relax, allowing blood to be pumped out of the heart and preventing it from flowing back into the heart.

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  • 21. 

    The Speed of conduction of the cardiac impulse through the atrioventricular node is about 0.11 seconds

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The speed of conduction of the cardiac impulse through the atrioventricular node is about 0.11 seconds. This means that it takes approximately 0.11 seconds for the electrical signal to travel from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart. This is an important aspect of the heart's electrical system as it allows for proper coordination and timing of the heart's contractions.

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  • 22. 

    The Following are False  about Right Coronary Artery, Except?

    • Arises from the anterior aortic sinus of the descending aorta

    • Descend almost vertically in the right atrioventricular bundle

    • Runs Forward between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle

    • It branches supply the right atrium and right ventricles only

    Correct Answer
    A. Runs Forward between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle
    Explanation
    Arises from the anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta,
    Descend almost vertically in the right atrioventricular groove
    It branches supply the right atrium and right ventricles, It also suply parts of the left atrium left ventricle and the atrioventricular septum

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  • 23. 

    It is also known as Bundle of His

    Correct Answer
    Atrioventricular Bundle
    Atrioventricular
    Explanation
    the Atrioventricular Bundle is also known as Bundle of His because German Physician named Wilhelm His He was one of the first to recognize that the heartbeat originates in nodes of modified heart muscle. In 1893 he described the atrioventricular bundle

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  • 24. 

    The heart is situated in the middle of the mediastinum posterior to the breastbone in the chest, at the level of thoracic vertebrae T4-T8

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The heart is situated in the middle of the mediastinum posterior to the breastbone in the chest, at the level of thoracic vertebrae T5-T8

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  • 25. 

    Which of The Statements is False?

    • The Left Coronary Artery larger than the Right Coronart Artery

    • The Coronary Sinus lies posteriorly of the atrioventricular bundle

    • The Coronary Sinus is one of the opening of the right ventricle

    • The Mitral Valve lies behind the left half of the sternum: opposite the 4th costal cartilage

    Correct Answer
    A. The Coronary Sinus lies posteriorly of the atrioventricular bundle
    Explanation
    The Coronary Sinus lies posteriorly of the atrioventricular groove

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  • 26. 

    The Following Supply the Heart  except

    • Phrenic Nerve

    • Cardiac Plexus

    • Parasympathetic Supply

    • Sympathetic Supply

    Correct Answer
    A. Phrenic Nerve
    Explanation
    The Phrenic nerve Supply the Dia[hargm

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  • 27. 

    The Following Statements are False  ,Except?

    • The Tricuspid Valve lies behind the left half of the sternum :opposite the 5th Intercostal Space

    • The Pulmonary Valve lies behind the medial end of the 4th left costal cartilage

    • The Aortic Valve lies behind the left half of the sternum : opposite the 4th costal cartilage

    • The Mitral Valve has 3 cups

    Correct Answer
    A. The Pulmonary Valve lies behind the medial end of the 4th left costal cartilage
    Explanation
    The Tricuspid Valve lies behind the left half of the sternum :opposite the 4th Intercostal Space
    The Mitral Valve lies behind the left half of the sternum : opposite the 3rd costal cartilage
    The Mitral Valve has 2 cups

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  • 28. 

    It describes all the activities of the heart through one complete heartbeat—that is, through one contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles. A contraction event (of either the atria or ventricles) is referred to as systole, and a relaxation event is referred to as diastole

    Correct Answer
    Cardiac Cycle
    Explanation
    The given statement describes the Cardiac Cycle, which refers to all the activities of the heart during one complete heartbeat. It includes both the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) events of both the atria and ventricles. The Cardiac Cycle is an essential process that allows the heart to pump blood effectively throughout the body.

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  • 29. 

    It is formed  by the union of the two brachiocephalic vein?

    • Inferior Vena Cova

    • Superior Vena Cava

    • Azygous Vein

    • Pulmonary Veins

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior Vena Cava
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the Superior Vena Cava. The Superior Vena Cava is formed by the union of the two brachiocephalic veins. It is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart.

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  • 30. 

    It is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein

    • Azygous Vein

    • Superior Vena Cava

    • Inferior Vena Cava

    • Pulmonary Vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Azygous Vein
    Explanation
    The azygous vein is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein. This vein is a major tributary of the superior vena cava, which is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart. The inferior vena cava, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart. The pulmonary vein, in contrast, carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is the azygous vein.

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  • 31. 

    The atrioventricular (AV) valve on the right side of the heart is known as the bicuspid, or mitral, valve.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    It is called the Tricuspid Valve

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  • 32. 

    It consist of superior and inferior hemiazygos vein 

    • Inferior Vena Cava

    • Superior Vena Cava

    • Azygos Vein

    • Pulmonary Vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Azygos Vein
    Explanation
    The azygos vein is a major vein in the body that drains blood from the posterior abdominal wall and thoracic wall into the superior vena cava. It is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein. The azygos vein then ascends on the right side of the vertebral column, receiving blood from various veins along its course. It eventually arches over the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava. Therefore, the azygos vein is the correct answer as it consists of superior and inferior hemiazygos veins.

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  • 33. 

    The  Azygous Vein Drains blood from the following organ ,Except?

    • Stomach

    • Pericaridium

    • Diaphragm

    • Bronchi

    Correct Answer
    A. Stomach
    Explanation
    The azygous vein drains blood from various organs in the body, including the pericardium, diaphragm, and bronchi. However, it does not drain blood from the stomach. The azygous vein is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the chest and abdominal walls back to the heart.

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  • 34. 

    The Following are False abot the Inferior Hemiazygos Vein, Except?

    • Ascends through the right Crus of the diaphragm

    • It is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column

    • Turns to the right and joins the azygos vein at the level of 6th Thoracic Vertebra

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. It is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column
    Explanation
    Ascends through the left Crus of the diaphragm
    Turns to the right and joins the azygos vein at the level of 8th Thoracic Vertebra

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  • 35. 

    This part of the Aorta begins in the base of the Left ventricle, It runs upward and forward to come lie behind the right half of thru the sternum, and It lies within the fibrous pericardium

    • Arch of Aorta

    • Decending Thoracic Aorta

    • Ascending Aorta

    • Abdominal Aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Ascending Aorta
    Explanation
    The given description matches the characteristics of the ascending aorta. It starts at the base of the left ventricle, runs upward and forward, and is located within the fibrous pericardium. Therefore, the correct answer is the ascending aorta.

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  • 36. 

    It is the main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart.

    Correct Answer
    Aorta
    Explanation
    The aorta is the main artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and tissues. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation.

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  • 37. 

    The Following Statements are True about the Pulmonary Trunk, Except?

    • About 2in.(5cm) Long

    • Conveys oxygenated blood from the heart

    • Enclosed in the fibrous pericardium and a sheath of serous pericardium

    • Leaves the upper part of the right ventricle and runs upward, backward, and to the left

    Correct Answer
    A. Conveys oxygenated blood from the heart
    Explanation
    Conveys deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the Lungs

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  • 38. 

    The Following are False about the Descending thoracic  Aorta, Except?

    • Begins as a continuation of the arch of aorta

    • Lies inferior to the mediastinum

    • Begins at the Level of T11

    • It has 2 branches

    Correct Answer
    A. Begins as a continuation of the arch of aorta
    Explanation
    The descending thoracic aorta does not begin as a continuation of the arch of the aorta. Instead, it begins at the level of T11. The other statements are true: it lies inferior to the mediastinum and it has two branches.

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  • 39. 

    The Following are Branches of Arch of the Aorta , Except?

    • Bonchial Arteries

    • Left Common carotid Artery

    • Left subclavian Artery

    • Brachiocephalic Artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Bonchial Arteries
    Explanation
    The Bonchial Arteries is a banched of the Descending Aorta

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