CSQA Prep - Chapter 1 - Quality Principles

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CSQA Prep - Chapter 1 - Quality Principles - Quiz

Questions to help prep for the CSQA Certification exam.


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    Which of the following are characteristics of the producer's view of quality? (1-4)

    • A.

      Doing it on time

    • B.

      Doing it the right way

    • C.

      Doing it as specified

    • D.

      Doing it right the first time

    • E.

      Doing the right thing

    Correct Answer(s)
    B. Doing it the right way
    D. Doing it right the first time
    E. Doing the right thing
    Explanation
    There are 4 characteristics of quality from the producers view:
    Doing the right thing
    Doing it the right way
    Doing it right the first time
    Doing it on time without exceeding cost

    Page 1 - 4

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following are characteristics of the customer's view of quality? (1-4)

    • A.

      Receiving the right product for their use

    • B.

      Doing it on time

    • C.

      Being satisfied that their needs have been met

    • D.

      Meeting their expectations

    • E.

      Being treated with integrity, courtesy and respect

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Receiving the right product for their use
    C. Being satisfied that their needs have been met
    D. Meeting their expectations
    E. Being treated with integrity, courtesy and respect
    Explanation
    The customer's view of quality includes several characteristics. First, receiving the right product for their use ensures that they are getting what they need and expect. Second, being satisfied that their needs have been met indicates that the customer feels their requirements have been fulfilled. Third, meeting their expectations is crucial in ensuring customer satisfaction. Lastly, being treated with integrity, courtesy, and respect is essential for a positive customer experience. These characteristics collectively define the customer's view of quality.

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  • 3. 

    The provider view is the perspective of the organization that _________ the products and services to the customer. (1-4)

    Correct Answer(s)
    Delivers
    Explanation
    The provider view refers to the organization's perspective in terms of delivering products and services to the customer. This means that the organization is responsible for the actual delivery of the products and services to the customer, ensuring that they reach the intended recipients in a timely and efficient manner. The provider view focuses on the organization's role in fulfilling customer needs and expectations by physically delivering the desired products and services.

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  • 4. 

    The Supplier View is the perspective of the organization (that may be external to the prodcer's company, such as an independent vendor) that provides either the producer and/or provider with ____________________ needed to meet the requirements of the customer. (1-4)

    Correct Answer(s)
    products
    services
    products and services
    services and products
    Explanation
    This is the perspective of the organization (that may be external to the
    producer’s company, such as an independent vendor) that provides either the producer
    and/or the provider with products and services needed to meet the requirements of the customer.

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  • 5. 

    The producer gap is: (1-5)

    • A.

      The difference between was is produced and expected

    • B.

      The difference between what is specified versus what is delivered

    • C.

      The difference of the quality expected and produced

    Correct Answer
    B. The difference between what is specified versus what is delivered
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the difference between what is specified versus what is delivered." This refers to the gap between the requirements or specifications set for a product or service and what is actually delivered or achieved. It highlights the variance between what was expected or intended and what was actually received or accomplished.

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  • 6. 

    The customer gap is: (1-5)

    • A.

      The difference between what the producers actually delivered and what the customer wanted

    • B.

      The difference between what the producer wanted and delivered

    • C.

      The difference between the number of customers you want and have

    Correct Answer
    A. The difference between what the producers actually delivered and what the customer wanted
    Explanation
    The customer gap refers to the difference between what the producers actually delivered and what the customer wanted. This means that there is a disparity between the product or service that the producers provided and the expectations or desires of the customer. This gap highlights the importance of understanding and meeting customer needs in order to achieve customer satisfaction.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following contains all valid quality attributes for an information system: (1-6)

    • A.

      Practicality, Testability, Efficiency, Usability

    • B.

      Validity, Flexibility, Integrity, Reliability

    • C.

      Timeliness, Maintainability, Reliability, Correctness

    • D.

      Correctness, Interoperability, Flexibility, Usability

    Correct Answer
    D. Correctness, Interoperability, Flexibility, Usability
    Explanation
    The full list of quality attibutes for an information system are:

    Correctness - Extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfills the user’s mission objectives.

    Reliability - Extent to which a program can be expected to perform its intended function with required precision.

    Efficiency - The amount of computing resources and code required by a program to perform a function.

    Integrity - Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled.

    Usability - Effort required learning, operating, preparing input, and interpreting output of a program.

    Maintainability - Effort required locating and fixing an error in an operational program.

    Testability - Effort required testing a program to ensure that it performs its intended function.

    Flexibility - Effort required modifying an operational program.

    Reusability - Extent to which a program can be used in other applications – related to the packaging and scope of the functions that programs perform.

    Interoperability - Effort required to couple one system with another.

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  • 8. 

    A major premise of a quality management environment is an emphasis on continuoue improvement. The approach to continuous improvement is best illustrated using the _____ cycle, which was developed in the 1930s by Dr. Shewhart of the Bell System.  The cycle comprises the four steps of ____, ____, ____, and ____. (1-9)

    Correct Answer
    PDCA, Plan, Do, Check, Act
    Explanation
    The correct answer is PDCA, Plan, Do, Check, Act. This is because the PDCA cycle, also known as the Deming cycle or the Shewhart cycle, is a systematic approach to continuous improvement. The cycle begins with planning, where goals and objectives are established. Then, the plan is implemented through the "do" phase. Afterward, the results are checked and compared to the desired outcomes in the "check" phase. Finally, any necessary adjustments or corrective actions are taken in the "act" phase to improve future performance. This cycle allows organizations to continually improve their processes and achieve better results.

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  • 9. 

    In the PDCA cycle which process defines the objective, expressing it numerically, if possible. Clearly describes the goals and policies needed to attain the objective at this stage.  Determines the procedures and conditions for the means and methods that will beused to achieve the objective. (1-10)

    • A.

      Plan (P): Devise a plan

    • B.

      Do (D): Execute the plan

    • C.

      Check (C): Check the results

    • D.

      Act (A): Take the necessary action

    Correct Answer
    A. Plan (P): Devise a plan
    Explanation
    In the PDCA cycle, the process that defines the objective, expresses it numerically, and clearly describes the goals and policies needed to attain the objective is the planning stage. This stage involves devising a plan that outlines the procedures and conditions for the means and methods that will be used to achieve the objective. Therefore, the correct answer is Plan (P): Devise a plan.

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  • 10. 

    uIn the PDCA cycle which step checks to determine whether work is progressing according to the plan and whether the expected results are obtained. Check for performance of the procedures, changes in conditions, or abnormalities that may appear. (1-10)

    • A.

      Plan (P): Devise a plan

    • B.

      Do (D): Execute the plan

    • C.

      Check (C): Check the results

    • D.

      Act (A): Take the necessary action

    Correct Answer
    C. Check (C): Check the results
    Explanation
    In the PDCA cycle, the "Check" step is where the progress of the work is evaluated to ensure it aligns with the plan and expected outcomes. This step involves checking the performance of procedures, identifying any changes in conditions, and identifying any abnormalities that may have arisen. It is a crucial step to assess whether the desired results have been achieved and to determine if any adjustments or corrective actions are necessary.

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  • 11. 

    The _________ is the money spent beyond what it would cost to build a product right the first time. If every worker could produce defect-free products the first time, the _____ would be zero. Since this situation does not occur, there are costs associated with getting a defect-free product produced. (1-11)

    Correct Answer
    cost of quality
    COQ
    COQ, cost of quality
    Explanation
    The cost of quality refers to the money spent beyond what it would cost to build a product right the first time. If every worker could produce defect-free products the first time, the cost of quality would be zero. Since this situation does not occur, there are costs associated with getting a defect-free product produced. COQ is an abbreviation for cost of quality, which is mentioned twice in the answer.

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  • 12. 

    There are three COQ categories: (1-11)

    • A.

      Quality, Improvement, Customer Satisfaction

    • B.

      Prevention, Improvement, Quality

    • C.

      Prevention, Appraisal, Failure

    • D.

      Quality, Appraisal, Failure

    Correct Answer
    C. Prevention, Appraisal, Failure
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Prevention, Appraisal, Failure. In the COQ (Cost of Quality) model, prevention costs are incurred to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. Appraisal costs are associated with the inspection and testing of products or services to ensure that they meet the required quality standards. Failure costs are the costs incurred due to defects or failures in products or services, including internal and external failure costs. This sequence of prevention, appraisal, and failure represents the ideal order of cost categories in the COQ model.

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  • 13. 

    The Three Key Principles of Quality: (1-14) (Select 3)

    • A.

      Management is responsible for quality.

    • B.

      Appraisal costs cover money spent to review completed products against requirements.

    • C.

      Producers must use effective quality control.

    • D.

      Quality is a journey, not a destination.

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Management is responsible for quality.
    C. Producers must use effective quality control.
    D. Quality is a journey, not a destination.
    Explanation
    The given answer is correct because it includes three key principles of quality. The first principle states that management is responsible for quality, which means that the leaders and managers in an organization are accountable for ensuring that quality standards are met. The second principle mentions that producers must use effective quality control, emphasizing the importance of implementing processes and measures to monitor and maintain quality throughout the production process. The third principle highlights that quality is a journey, not a destination, implying that it is an ongoing effort and continuous improvement is necessary to achieve and sustain high-quality standards.

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  • 14. 

    A practice is a way to implement a work practice.  Practices that are found to be accurate, efficient, and repeatable are considered to be __________.  (1-15)

    Correct Answer(s)
    best practices
    Explanation
    Practices that are found to be accurate, efficient, and repeatable are considered to be "best practices". This term refers to the most effective methods or techniques that have been identified and proven to produce optimal results in a particular field or industry. Best practices are often adopted and followed by organizations or individuals as a standard approach to achieve desired outcomes and improve overall performance. They are based on successful experiences and lessons learned, and are continuously refined and updated as new insights and innovations emerge.

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  • 15. 

    _________________ is a very high level of quality (specifically- not more than 3.4 defects out of a million items counted).  Use of this technique is usually limited to projects that are clearly connected to business priorities and the payoff will ve very substantial.  (1-15)

    Correct Answer(s)
    Six Sigma
    Six Sigma Quality
    Explanation
    Six Sigma is a methodology used to achieve a very high level of quality, with a specific goal of not exceeding 3.4 defects out of a million items counted. It is a systematic approach that focuses on reducing variation and improving processes to minimize errors and defects. The use of Six Sigma is typically limited to projects that are closely aligned with business priorities and where the potential benefits are expected to be significant. By implementing Six Sigma, organizations aim to increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and improve overall efficiency.

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  • 16. 

    Defines the current level of performance: (1-16)

    • A.

      Benchmarking

    • B.

      Six Sigma

    • C.

      Baselining

    • D.

      Best Practices

    Correct Answer
    C. Baselining
    Explanation
    Baselining refers to the process of establishing a current level of performance as a reference point for future comparisons and improvements. It involves measuring and documenting the existing performance metrics and setting them as a baseline. This baseline helps in tracking progress, identifying areas of improvement, and evaluating the effectiveness of any changes or interventions implemented. Therefore, baselining is the most appropriate term that defines the current level of performance.

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  • 17. 

    Compares one organization’s, or one part of an organization’s, process for performing a work task to another organization’s process: (1-16)

    • A.

      Benchmarking

    • B.

      Six Sigma

    • C.

      Baselining

    • D.

      Best Practices

    Correct Answer
    A. Benchmarking
    Explanation
    Benchmarking is the process of comparing one organization's or one part of an organization's process for performing a work task to another organization's process. It involves identifying best practices and areas for improvement by studying and analyzing the processes of other successful organizations. Benchmarking helps organizations identify areas where they can improve their performance and achieve higher levels of efficiency and effectiveness. It allows organizations to learn from the successes and failures of others and implement strategies and practices that have been proven to be successful in similar contexts.

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  • 18. 

    ______ means meeting requirements and meeting customer needs, which means a defect-free product from both the producer’s and the customer’s viewpoint. (1-17)

    Correct Answer
    Quality
    Explanation
    Quality means meeting requirements and meeting customer needs, which means a defect-free product from both the producer’s and the customer’s viewpoint. In other words, it refers to the level of excellence or superiority of a product or service, where it meets or exceeds the expectations and specifications set by the customer. This includes attributes such as reliability, durability, performance, and overall satisfaction. Achieving quality is essential for customer satisfaction, repeat business, and maintaining a competitive edge in the market.

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  • 19. 

    Both _______ and ________ are used to make quality happen. Of the two, _________ is the more important.  (1-17)

    Correct Answer
    quality control, quality assurance, quality assurance
    quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance
    Explanation
    Quality control and quality assurance are both used to make quality happen. However, of the two, quality assurance is considered to be more important. Quality control involves the processes and activities that are used to ensure that the final product meets the desired quality standards. On the other hand, quality assurance focuses on the prevention of defects and the implementation of processes to ensure that quality is built into the product from the beginning. While quality control is important for identifying and correcting defects, quality assurance is essential for preventing defects in the first place and ensuring consistent quality throughout the production process.

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  • 20. 

    Quality means meeting ________ and meetng ______ needs, which means a defect-free product from both the producer's and customer's viewpoint.  (1-17)

    Correct Answer
    requirements, customer
    Explanation
    Quality means meeting the specified requirements and satisfying the customer's needs. This implies that the product should be free from defects and should meet the expectations of both the producer and the customer. By focusing on meeting the requirements and addressing the customer's needs, a defect-free product can be achieved, ensuring a high level of quality.

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  • 21. 

    __________  is defined as the processes and methods used to compare product quality to requirements and applicable standards, and the action taken when a nonconformance is detected. (1-17)

    Correct Answer
    Quality Control
    Explanation
    Quality control is the set of processes and methods used to compare product quality to requirements and applicable standards. It involves monitoring and inspecting products to ensure they meet the specified quality standards. If a nonconformance is detected, appropriate actions are taken to address and rectify the issue. Quality control plays a crucial role in ensuring that products meet the desired quality level and customer expectations.

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  • 22. 

    ________ is the set of activities (including facilitation, training, measurement and analysis) needed to provide adequate confidence that processes are established and continuously improved in order to produce products or services that conform to requirements and are fit for use.  (1-18)

    Correct Answer
    Quality Assurance
    Explanation
    Quality Assurance is the set of activities needed to provide confidence that processes are established and continuously improved to produce products or services that meet requirements and are fit for use. It involves activities such as facilitation, training, measurement, and analysis to ensure that the necessary processes are in place and are being followed to achieve the desired quality standards. Quality Assurance aims to prevent defects and ensure that the final products or services meet customer expectations.

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  • 23. 

    The ultimate goal of _______ is to supply each process with exactly the required items, in exactly the required quantity, at exactly the required time. There are two conditions necessary to reach this situation: large amounts of production flexibility, and very short lead times. (1-19)

    • A.

      Quality Assurance

    • B.

      Just-In-Time (JIT)

    • C.

      Earned Value

    • D.

      PDCA

    Correct Answer
    B. Just-In-Time (JIT)
    Explanation
    Just-In-Time (JIT) is the correct answer because it is a production strategy that aims to supply each process with the required items, in the required quantity, and at the required time. JIT requires large amounts of production flexibility, allowing for quick adjustments and changes in production, and very short lead times, minimizing the time between order placement and delivery. By implementing JIT, companies can reduce waste, inventory costs, and improve overall efficiency in their production processes.

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  • 24. 

    This Quality Pioneer defined 14 principles for quality, which formed the basis for the turnaround of the Japanese manufacturing industry. He believed that all 14 principles must be used concurrently to make quality happen. Additional information can be found in his book Out of the Crisis (1-22)

    • A.

      Philip Crosby

    • B.

      Dr. W. Edwards Deming

    • C.

      Dr. Joseph Juran

    Correct Answer
    B. Dr. W. Edwards Deming
    Explanation
    Dr. W. Edwards Deming is the correct answer because he is known as a Quality Pioneer who played a significant role in the turnaround of the Japanese manufacturing industry. He defined 14 principles for quality, which he believed must be used concurrently to achieve quality. These principles formed the basis for the improvement of quality in Japanese manufacturing. His book "Out of the Crisis" provides further information on his principles and their application.

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  • 25. 

    This Quality Pioneer believed that managing for quality required the same attention that other functions typically receive. To ensure that adequate attention was given, he developed a trilogy consisting of three interrelated, basic managerial phases/processes: quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. These are known as “The Quality Trilogy.” (1-28)

    • A.

      Philip Crosby

    • B.

      Dr. W. Edwards Deming

    • C.

      Dr. Joseph Juran

    Correct Answer
    C. Dr. Joseph Juran
    Explanation
    Dr. Joseph Juran is the correct answer because he believed that managing for quality required the same attention as other functions and developed the concept of "The Quality Trilogy" consisting of quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. This trilogy emphasizes the importance of proactive planning, monitoring and controlling processes, and continuous improvement in achieving and maintaining quality standards.

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  • 26. 

    Please explain the two Quality Gaps in the attached diagram:

  • 27. 

    A major premise of a quality management environment is an emphasis on continuous improvement. The approach to continuous improvement is best illustrated using the PDCA cycle, which was developed in the 1930s by Dr. Shewhart of the Bell System.  Please explain the PDCA Concept:

  • 28. 

    __________ has developed 14 steps for an organization to follow in building an effective quality program. Some are: (1-24)

    • A.

      Dr. W. Edwards Deming

    • B.

      Philip Crosby

    • C.

      Dr. Joseph Juran

    Correct Answer
    B. Philip Crosby
    Explanation
    p. 1-25 to 1-28

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  • 29. 

    ________ __________ _________ is the term used by many to indicate an organization-wide effort of continuous process improvement. (1-29)

    Correct Answer
    TQM
    Total Quality Management
    Explanation
    TQM is the term used by many to indicate an organization-wide effort of continuous process
    improvement. The Federal Quality Institute defines TQM as a strategic, integrated management
    system for achieving customer satisfaction, which involves all managers and employees and uses
    quantitative methods to continuously improve an organization's processes.

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  • 30. 

    Please explain the Infrastructure for Software Quality Products and Services:

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 26, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Uhgcsqa

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