Cranial Cavity
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1-The internal carotid artery gives the following branches, except: a) ophthalmic. b) hypophyseal. c) pontine. d) anterior cerebral. e) middle cerebral
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About This Quiz
This quiz focuses on the cranial cavity, assessing knowledge on cerebral veins, cranial nerves, and related anatomical structures. It's designed for learners to understand complex neuroanatomical relationships and implications in clinical scenarios.
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2- The emissary vein passing through the mastoid foramen opens in the a) transverse sinus. b) sigmoid sinus. c) cavernous sinus. d) suprior sagittal sinus. e) none of the above
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A. BExplanation
The emissary vein passing through the mastoid foramen opens in the sigmoid sinus.Rate this question:
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3-The falx cerebri at its attachment to the tentorium cerebelli contains a) inferior sagittal snus. b) caveronus sinus. c) straight sinus.. d.) great cerebral vein. e)occipital sinus
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A. CExplanation
The falx cerebri is a fold of dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. At its attachment to the tentorium cerebelli, it contains the straight sinus. The straight sinus is a venous sinus that runs along the attachment point of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. It drains blood from the deep cerebral veins and the superior sagittal sinus. Therefore, the correct answer is c) straight sinus.Rate this question:
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•4-inferior petrosal sinus 1eavs the skull through: a.forarnen magnum. b.sty lomastoid foramen. c.foramen ovale. d.jugular foramen. e.none of the above.
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A. DExplanation
The correct answer is d. The inferior petrosal sinus leaves the skull through the jugular foramen.Rate this question:
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•5-A sixty-four-year old man was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma (tumor of the VIIIth cranial nerve) where it entered the temporal bone. What other cranial nerve might also be affected since this nerve uses the same foramen as the VIIIth in its course? a-Abducens b-Facial c-Glossopharyngeal d-Trigeminal e-Vagus
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is b-Facial. The facial nerve uses the same foramen as the VIIIth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) in its course. Therefore, if there is a tumor affecting the VIIIth cranial nerve, it is likely to also affect the facial nerve.Rate this question:
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•6-Infections may spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges along the olfactory nerves, as its fibers pass from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb via the: a-Cribriform plate of the ethmoid b-Crista galli c-Foramen caecum d-Superior orbital fissure
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A. AExplanation
Infections can spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges through the olfactory nerves. These nerves pass from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb via the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. The cribriform plate has small holes that allow the olfactory nerves to pass through, providing a direct pathway for infections to reach the meninges.Rate this question:
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•7-A patient who has sustained a fracture to the middle cranial fossa following a fall from a height, might have any of these nerves injured EXCEPT: a-Trigeminal b-Oculomotor c-Abducent d-Trochlear e-Hypoglossal
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A. EExplanation
A patient who has sustained a fracture to the middle cranial fossa following a fall from a height might have any of these nerves injured, except the Hypoglossal nerve (e). The Hypoglossal nerve is not located in the middle cranial fossa but rather in the anterior cranial fossa. Therefore, it is not likely to be affected by a fracture in the middle cranial fossa.Rate this question:
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•8-The most likely source of blood in a patient with an epidural hemorrhage is: a.Vertebral artery b.Middle meningeal artery c.Superior cerebral veins d.Anterior cerebral artery
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is b. Middle meningeal artery. In an epidural hemorrhage, blood accumulates between the dura mater and the skull. The middle meningeal artery is the most likely source of bleeding in this condition because it is located in close proximity to the dura mater. Injury to this artery can cause bleeding into the epidural space, leading to the formation of a hematoma.Rate this question:
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•9- Diagnosis is of torn cerebral veins as they pass from the brain to the superior sagittal sinus. From which of the following was the bloody fluid taken? a.Cavernous sinus b.Epidural space c.Subarachnoid space d.Subdural space e.Verterbal venous plexus
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A. CExplanation
The correct answer is c) Subarachnoid space. The diagnosis of torn cerebral veins suggests that there is bleeding occurring within the brain. The subarachnoid space is the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which are the layers that surround the brain. This space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is where the blood would accumulate if there is bleeding from torn cerebral veins. The other options (a, b, d, e) do not involve the space where the bloody fluid would be taken in this specific diagnosis.Rate this question:
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•10-In a patient diagnosed with cavernous sinus thrombosis. You will focus your examination on cranial nerves related to the sinus that includes all the following EXCEPT: a.Abducens (CN VI) b.Facial (CN VII) c.Oculomotor (CN III) d.Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1) e.Trochlear (CN IV)
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A. BExplanation
In a patient diagnosed with cavernous sinus thrombosis, the examination should focus on cranial nerves related to the sinus. The cavernous sinus is located in the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. These nerves are responsible for various functions including eye movement, facial expression, and sensation in the face. The facial nerve (CN VII) does not pass through the cavernous sinus, so it would not be directly affected by the thrombosis. Therefore, the examination would not need to focus on the facial nerve.Rate this question:
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11-The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via what opening? a.Foramen ovale b.Carotid canal c.Jugular foramen d.Hypoglossal canal e.Stylomastoid foramen
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A. CExplanation
The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via the jugular foramen. This is a large opening located between the temporal and occipital bones at the base of the skull. It allows the glossopharyngeal nerve, along with other structures like the vagus nerve and the internal jugular vein, to pass from the skull into the neck.Rate this question:
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12-A person develops a cavernous sinus thrombosis. Because of its relationship to the sinus, which cranial nerve might be affected? a.Abducens b.Facial c.Mandibular V3 d.Olfactory e.Optic
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A. AExplanation
A person with cavernous sinus thrombosis may experience dysfunction of the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) due to its close proximity to the cavernous sinus. The cavernous sinus is a dural venous sinus located on each side of the sella turcica, and it contains several important structures, including cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. In this case, the thrombosis may compress or damage the abducens nerve, leading to symptoms such as double vision or difficulty moving the affected eye laterally (abduction).Rate this question:
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13-All of the following nerves exit the cranial cavity by way of bony openings located in the middle cranial fossa EXCEPT: a.Trochlear b.Oculomotor c.Trigeminal d.Facial Abducens
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A. DExplanation
The correct answer is d. Facial. The facial nerve exits the cranial cavity through the stylomastoid foramen, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa, not the middle cranial fossa. The trochlear, oculomotor, and trigeminal nerves all exit through bony openings in the middle cranial fossa.Rate this question:
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•14-During childbirth, an excessive anteroposterior compression of the head may tear the anterior attachment of the falx cerebri from the tentorium cerebelli. The bleeding that follows is likely to be from which of the following venous sinuses? a.Occipital sinus b.Sigmoid sinus c.Straight sinus d.Superior sagittal sinus e.Transverse sinus
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A. CExplanation
During childbirth, excessive anteroposterior compression can cause tearing of the anterior attachment of the falx cerebri from the tentorium cerebelli. This can result in bleeding from the straight sinus, which is located between the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. The other options (occipital sinus, sigmoid sinus, superior sagittal sinus, and transverse sinus) are not directly involved in this specific scenario.Rate this question:
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•15- The inferior sagittal sinus is found in the free edge of what structure? a.Diaphragma sellae b.Falx cerebelli c.Falx cerebri d.Filum terminale e.Tentorium cerebelli
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A. CExplanation
The correct answer is c. The inferior sagittal sinus is found in the free edge of the falx cerebri. The falx cerebri is a fold of dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. The inferior sagittal sinus runs along the lower edge of the falx cerebri and drains blood from the cerebral hemispheres into the straight sinus.Rate this question:
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16--All the following are trueExcept: a. foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve b. foramen rotundum transmits the middle meningeal artery. c. jugular foramen transmit the vagus nerve d. stylomastoid foramen transmit the facial nerve
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is b. Foramen rotundum transmits the middle meningeal artery.
The foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve, the jugular foramen transmits the vagus nerve, and the stylomastoid foramen transmits the facial nerve. However, the foramen rotundum does not transmit the middle meningeal artery.Rate this question:
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17-For the cavernous sinus all the following are true Except: a. it is situated above the pituitary gland b. it is posterior to the superior orbital fissure c. the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve passes through it d. the trochlear nerve passes through it
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A. AExplanation
The correct answer is a. The cavernous sinus is not situated above the pituitary gland. It is actually located on either side of the sella turcica, which is a depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland. The other options are true statements about the cavernous sinus. It is posterior to the superior orbital fissure, the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve passes through it, and the trochlear nerve passes through it.Rate this question:
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•18-Structures passing through the foramen magnum include all the following except:: •a. the anterior spinal artery •b. the dura •c. the vagus nerve •d. the spinal accessory nerve •e. the vertebral artery
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A. CExplanation
Structures passing through the foramen magnum include the anterior spinal artery, the dura, the spinal accessory nerve, and the vertebral artery. The vagus nerve does not pass through the foramen magnum.Rate this question:
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•19-Nerves that pass in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus includeall the followings Except: •a. the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve •b. the sixth cranial nerve •c. the maxillary nerve •d. . the third cranial nerve
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A. BExplanation
The cavernous sinus is a cavity located on each side of the skull, and it contains several important nerves. The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, the maxillary nerve, and the third cranial nerve all pass through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. However, the sixth cranial nerve does not pass through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Therefore, the correct answer is b.Rate this question:
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20-The following are true about the trigeminal ganglionExcept: a.. it lies in close relationship to the motor root of the trigeminal nerve b. it lies in the middle cranial fossa c. it lies near the apex of the petrous temporal bone d. It divides into 4 divisions.
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A. DExplanation
The trigeminal ganglion is a sensory ganglion located in close relationship to the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, not the motor root. It lies in the middle cranial fossa and near the apex of the petrous temporal bone. Therefore, option d is incorrect as it states that the trigeminal ganglion divides into 4 divisions, which is not true.Rate this question:
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•21-For the cavernous sinus all are true Except: •a. contains the internal carotid artery b. has the abducent nerve in its lateral wall c. receives blood from the orbit d. communicates with the pterygoid plexus of veins. e. drains via the petrosal sinuses.
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is b. The cavernous sinus does not have the abducent nerve in its lateral wall. The cavernous sinus is a dural venous sinus located on each side of the sella turcica, and it contains the internal carotid artery. It receives blood from the orbit and communicates with the pterygoid plexus of veins. It drains via the petrosal sinuses.Rate this question:
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22-A 7-year-old boy was kicked in the right side of his head dun ing a sledding accident. He arrived at the ER with no loss of consciousness but complained of a severe headache and vomiting. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a biconvex hyperdense extraaxial collection of blood, indicated by the arrows in the figure. What blood vessel is the most likely source of the bleed? (A) Superficial temporal artery (B) Middle meningeal artery (C) Superior cerebral veins (D) Cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) (E) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is B) Middle meningeal artery. A biconvex hyperdense extraaxial collection of blood, as seen in the CT scan, is indicative of an epidural hematoma. Epidural hematomas are typically caused by a tear in the middle meningeal artery, which runs between the dura mater and the skull. This tear leads to bleeding and the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the inner surface of the skull, resulting in the characteristic biconvex shape.Rate this question:
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23-A baby girl presents with a disproportionately wide skull with a short occipitofrontal diameter, as depicted in the given surface shaded CT reconstruction. What cranial suture most likely closed prematurely to result in this cranial deformity? (A) Sphenosquamous (B) Sphenoparietal (C) Coronal (D) Sagittal
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A. CExplanation
The correct answer is (C) Coronal. This is because the description of the baby girl's skull being disproportionately wide with a short occipitofrontal diameter is consistent with a condition called brachycephaly, which is characterized by a wide skull shape. Brachycephaly is often caused by premature closure of the coronal suture, which runs from ear to ear across the top of the skull. Closure of the coronal suture restricts the growth of the skull in the transverse direction, resulting in a wide and shortened skull shape.Rate this question:
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An 82-year-old woman develops a dural meningioma (tumor) that compresses the confluence of the dural venous sinuses, On the given contrast vertogram from an angiographic series, drainage from which of the following labeled vessels would be impeded by the tumor? •(A) Superior sagittal sinus (B) Transverse sinus (C) Cavernous sinus (D) Superior petrosal sinus (E) Inferior petrosal sinus
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A. AExplanation
The correct answer is (A) Superior sagittal sinus. The dural meningioma is compressing the confluence of the dural venous sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus is a major dural venous sinus that drains blood from the superior aspects of the brain. If it is impeded by the tumor, it can lead to impaired drainage and potentially increased pressure in the brain.Rate this question:
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25. The ciliary ganglion contains fibers or cell bodies from which two cranial nerves? a. Optic and Oculomotor b. Trigeminal and Oculomotor c. Trigeminal and Olfactory d. Vestibulocochlear and Optic
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A. BExplanation
The ciliary ganglion contains fibers or cell bodies from the trigeminal and oculomotor cranial nerves.Rate this question:
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26. Which cranial nerve turns eye downward and laterally? a. Optic b. Vagus c. Trigeminal d. Trochlear e. Glossopharyngeal
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A. DExplanation
The cranial nerve that turns the eye downward and laterally is the Trochlear nerve.Rate this question:
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27. Which cranial nerve is responsible for equillibrium sensation ? a.Optic b.Trigeminal c.Trochlear d.Glossopharyngeal e.Vestibulocochlear
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A. EExplanation
The correct answer is e. Vestibulocochlear. The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for both equilibrium (balance) and hearing. It transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain, allowing us to maintain our balance and perceive sound. The other cranial nerves listed in the options have different functions and are not directly involved in equilibrium sensation.Rate this question:
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28. Which cranial nerve controls facial expressions ? •a.Vagus •b.Trigeminal •c.Olfactory •d.Facial
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A. DExplanation
The facial nerve (option d) controls facial expressions. This nerve is responsible for the movement of the muscles of the face, allowing us to smile, frown, and make various facial expressions. The other options, vagus (option a), trigeminal (option b), and olfactory (option c) are cranial nerves that have different functions and do not directly control facial expressions.Rate this question:
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29. Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell? a.Vagus b.Trigeminal c.Olfactory d.Hypoglossal e.Abducens
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A. CExplanation
The correct answer is c. Olfactory. The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell. It transmits information from the nose to the brain, allowing us to detect and distinguish different odors. The vagus nerve (a) is responsible for various functions in the body, such as regulating heart rate and digestion. The trigeminal nerve (b) is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions, such as chewing. The hypoglossal nerve (d) controls the muscles of the tongue. The abducens nerve (e) controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.Rate this question:
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30. Which cranial nerve controls tongue movements? a.Vagus b.Trigeminal c.Facial d.Hypoglossal e.Glossopharyngeal
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A. DExplanation
The correct answer is d. Hypoglossal. The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue. It innervates the muscles of the tongue, allowing for functions such as swallowing, speaking, and chewing.Rate this question:
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31. Which cranial nerve controls the inferior oblique muscle? a)Trigeminal b)Oculomotor c)Trochlear d)Glossopharyngeal e)Abducens
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A. BExplanation
The correct answer is b) Oculomotor. The oculomotor nerve controls the movement of the inferior oblique muscle, which is responsible for rotating the eye upward and outward. The trigeminal nerve (a) is responsible for sensation in the face, the trochlear nerve (c) controls the superior oblique muscle, the glossopharyngeal nerve (d) controls the muscles of the throat and tongue, and the abducens nerve (e) controls the lateral rectus muscle.Rate this question:
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32. Which cranial nerve controls the superior oblique muscle? a.Optic b.Trigeminal c.Oculomotor d.Trochlear e.Abducens
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A. DExplanation
The cranial nerve that controls the superior oblique muscle is the trochlear nerve. This nerve is responsible for the downward and outward movement of the eye. The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory information from the face and controlling the muscles of mastication. The oculomotor nerve controls most of the eye muscles, except for the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles. The abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for outward movement of the eye.Rate this question:
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33. Which is the longest cranial nerve? a.Optic b.Vagus c.Trigeminal d.Oculomotor e.Glossopharyngeal
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A. BExplanation
The longest cranial nerve is the Vagus nerve.Rate this question:
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34. Through which foramen does the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2) pass? a.Rotundum b.Lacerum c.Ovale d.Spinosum e.Stylomastoid
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A. AExplanation
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) passes through the foramen rotundum.Rate this question:
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35. Through which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass? a.Carotid b.Hypoglossal c.Jugular d.Lacerum e.Magnum
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A. AExplanation
The internal carotid artery passes through the carotid foramen.Rate this question:
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36. Through which foramen do the supraorbital nerve and artery pass? a.Cribriform b.Rotundum c.Ovale d.Spinosum e.Superior orbital
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A. EExplanation
The supraorbital nerve and artery pass through the superior orbital foramen.Rate this question:
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37. Which structures do not pass through jugular foramen? a. internal jugular vein and glossopharyngeal nerve b.vagus and accessory nerves c.external jugular vein and hypoglossal nerve d.hypoglossal nerve and internal jugular vein e.none of the above
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A. CExplanation
The structures that do not pass through the jugular foramen are the external jugular vein and the hypoglossal nerve. The internal jugular vein and glossopharyngeal nerve (option a) do pass through the jugular foramen. The vagus and accessory nerves (option b) also pass through the jugular foramen. The hypoglossal nerve and internal jugular vein (option d) both pass through the jugular foramen. Therefore, the correct answer is option c, as it correctly identifies the structures that do not pass through the jugular foramen.Rate this question:
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38. Through which foramen does the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3) pass? a.Hypoglossal b.Rotundum c.Optic d.Ovale e.Spinosum
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A. DExplanation
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) passes through the foramen ovale.Rate this question:
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39. Through which foramen does the facial nerve (VII) pass? a.Cribriform b.Rotundum c.Optic d.Spinosum e.Stylomastoid
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A. EExplanation
The facial nerve (VII) passes through the stylomastoid foramen.Rate this question:
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.bmp "23-A baby girl presents with a disproportionately wide skull with a short occipitofrontal diameter, as depicted in the given surface shaded CT reconstruction. What cranial suture most likely closed prematurely to result in this cranial deformity?
(A) Sphenosquamous
(B) Sphenoparietal
(C) Coronal
(D) Sagittal")
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