1.
The normal pulse range for a child is
Correct Answer
C. 70-120 beats per min
Explanation
The normal pulse range for a child is 70-120 beats per minute. This range indicates that the child's heart is functioning within a healthy and normal rate. A pulse rate below 70 could indicate bradycardia, while a pulse rate above 120 could indicate tachycardia. It is important to monitor a child's pulse rate as it can provide valuable information about their cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
2.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?1 hypertension2 Oliguria3 pallor
Correct Answer
C. 2 and 3
Explanation
Hypovolemic shock is a condition characterized by a significant decrease in blood volume, leading to inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a common sign of hypovolemic shock. On the other hand, oliguria, which is a decrease in urine output, and pallor, which is a pale appearance of the skin, are both signs and symptoms commonly seen in hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 and 3.
3.
Which of the following would not be used as a site for injection of Contrast
Correct Answer
B. Brachial artery
Explanation
The brachial artery would not be used as a site for injection of contrast because it is an artery, not a vein. Contrast is typically injected into veins to enhance visibility during medical imaging procedures. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Injecting contrast into an artery could potentially cause complications or blockages in the blood flow. Therefore, the brachial artery is not a suitable site for contrast injection.
4.
The viscosity of a contrast may be decreased through
Correct Answer
D. Increases in temperature
Explanation
When the temperature of a contrast is increased, the molecules of the contrast gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This increased movement causes the molecules to spread out and become less tightly packed, resulting in a decrease in viscosity. As a result, the contrast becomes less resistant to flow and flows more easily. On the other hand, increases in pressure, decreases in temperature, and decreases in volume would all cause the molecules of the contrast to become more tightly packed, leading to an increase in viscosity. Therefore, the correct answer is increases in temperature.
5.
Which of the following is a example of a mild reaction to contrast
Correct Answer
D. Vomiting
Explanation
Vomiting is an example of a mild reaction to contrast because it is a common side effect that can occur after receiving contrast material during a medical procedure. It is considered mild because it is usually temporary and does not pose a significant threat to the patient's health. On the other hand, dyspnea, shock, and pulmonary edema are more severe reactions that can indicate a serious allergic or adverse reaction to the contrast material.
6.
The PT is not required to give information consent for which of the following CT studies
Correct Answer
D. MPR imaging of the shoulder
Explanation
The PT is not required to give information consent for MPR imaging of the shoulder because MPR (Multiplanar Reconstruction) imaging is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that does not involve any invasive or interventional techniques. In contrast, CT guided abscess drainage and stereotactic biopsy of a cranial tumor are invasive procedures that require the PT's informed consent. Similarly, a non-contrast brain study to rule out subdural hematoma may also require the PT's consent as it involves a CT scan of the head, which can be considered an invasive procedure.
7.
A PT blood pressure is measured as 140/70 mm Hg. The number 140 represents
Correct Answer
A. The pressure within the arterial vessels during contraction of the heart
Explanation
The number 140 represents the pressure within the arterial vessels during contraction of the heart.
8.
Which of the following medications may be given to a PT having severe anaphylactoid reaction to contrast
Correct Answer
D. A and b
Explanation
Epinephrine and diphenhydramine may be given to a patient experiencing a severe anaphylactoid reaction to contrast. Epinephrine is a medication that helps to alleviate symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives by constricting blood vessels and opening the airways. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help to reduce allergic reactions and relieve symptoms like itching and swelling. Therefore, both medications can be used together to provide immediate relief and manage the severe reaction.
9.
A non-ionic IV Contrast agent has an average osmolatiy of
Correct Answer
C. 750 mOsm/kg water
Explanation
A non-ionic IV contrast agent with an average osmolality of 750 mOsm/kg water is considered to be within the normal range for osmolality. Osmolality refers to the concentration of solute particles in a solution, and a higher osmolality can cause adverse effects on the body. Therefore, a contrast agent with an osmolality of 750 mOsm/kg water is considered safe for intravenous administration without causing significant harm or discomfort to the patient.
10.
The addition of ________ makes an autoclave more efficient at sterilization than an oven
Correct Answer
B. Moisture
Explanation
Moisture is the correct answer because it plays a crucial role in the sterilization process. Autoclaves use high temperatures and pressure to kill microorganisms, but the addition of moisture helps to enhance this process. Moist heat is more effective at killing microorganisms compared to dry heat, as it penetrates and denatures proteins more efficiently. The presence of moisture also helps to create steam, which aids in the distribution of heat throughout the sterilization chamber, ensuring that all areas reach the necessary temperature for effective sterilization. Therefore, the addition of moisture makes an autoclave more efficient at sterilization compared to an oven.
11.
An average range for activated partial thromboplastin time is
Correct Answer
C. 28-34 sec
Explanation
The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a blood test used to evaluate the efficiency of the clotting process. The normal range for APTT is typically between 28-34 seconds. This range indicates that the clotting factors in the blood are functioning properly and that the blood is clotting within a normal timeframe. A result within this range suggests that the patient does not have any clotting disorders or abnormalities in their blood clotting process.
12.
In a female PT, gonadal shielding may be applied during which of the following CT exams
Correct Answer
D. All the above
Explanation
Gonadal shielding may be applied during all the mentioned CT exams (Chest, Abdomen, and Brain) in a female PT. This is because the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system, are sensitive to radiation. By using gonadal shielding, the radiation dose to the ovaries can be reduced, minimizing the potential risks associated with radiation exposure.
13.
A total volume of 125ml of IV contrast is administered via injector in 50 seconds. The flow rate for this injection is.
Correct Answer
D. 2.5ml/sec
Explanation
The flow rate for this injection can be calculated by dividing the total volume of 125ml by the time it takes to administer, which is 50 seconds. This gives us a flow rate of 2.5ml/sec.
14.
Which of the following devices is used to measure the PT Dose
Correct Answer
C. Ionization chamber
Explanation
The ionization chamber is used to measure the PT Dose. This device works by measuring the ionization of air caused by radiation. It consists of a chamber filled with gas, usually air, and electrodes that detect the ionization. When radiation passes through the chamber, it ionizes the gas particles, creating an electric current that can be measured. This allows for accurate measurement of the radiation dose received by a person or an object. The other options, such as the Geiger-Muller counter, thermoluminescent dosimeter, and film badge, are also used for radiation measurement but are not specifically designed for measuring the PT Dose.
15.
Which of the following is not an absolute contraindiction of IV contrast.
Correct Answer
D. Allergic history to shell fish
Explanation
An allergic history to shellfish is not an absolute contraindication of IV contrast. While it is important to consider a patient's allergic history and take precautions, such as premedication or using an alternative contrast agent, it does not completely prohibit the use of IV contrast. Sickle cell anemia in active crisis, elevated serum creatinine levels, and pheochromocytoma are examples of conditions that are absolute contraindications to IV contrast due to the potential risks and complications associated with its use.
16.
PT preparation of a contrast CT exam of the chest should include
Correct Answer
A. Nothing by mouth for 4 hours before the exam
Explanation
Prior to a contrast CT exam of the chest, it is important for the patient to abstain from eating or drinking anything for at least 4 hours. This is because the contrast material used during the exam can interact with food in the stomach, potentially affecting the quality of the images obtained. By fasting for a few hours, the stomach is empty, allowing for clearer and more accurate images to be captured during the CT scan.
17.
The quanity of radiation dose recieved by the PT from a series of CT scans is referred to as the
Correct Answer
A. MSAD
Explanation
The correct answer is MSAD. MSAD stands for Multiple Scan Average Dose, which refers to the total amount of radiation dose received by a patient from a series of CT scans. It takes into account the radiation dose from multiple scans and calculates the average dose received by the patient. This is an important measure to assess the cumulative radiation exposure and ensure that it is within safe limits.
18.
Which of the following iodinated contrasts may be used for an intrathecal injection
Correct Answer
C. Iohexol
Explanation
Iohexol is a type of iodinated contrast that can be used for an intrathecal injection. Intrathecal injections are administered directly into the spinal canal, and iohexol is commonly used for procedures such as myelography or spinal anesthesia. It is a water-soluble contrast agent that provides good visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Iohexol is preferred for intrathecal injections due to its low toxicity and low risk of adverse reactions compared to other iodinated contrasts.
19.
Which on the following sizes of butterfly needles allows for the most rapid administration of IV Contrast
Correct Answer
A. 19 gauge
Explanation
A 19 gauge butterfly needle allows for the most rapid administration of IV Contrast. This is because a larger gauge needle has a wider diameter, which allows for a faster flow rate of the contrast solution. The larger diameter of the needle reduces resistance to the flow of the solution, resulting in a quicker administration.
20.
A PT is scheduled for IV contrast CT scan of the kidneys. Before injection, the involved medical personnel should examine recently measured labs values for which of the following
Correct Answer
B. Creatinine
Explanation
Before injection of IV contrast for a CT scan of the kidneys, it is important for the involved medical personnel to examine recently measured lab values for creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Elevated levels of creatinine can indicate impaired kidney function. Since the CT scan involves the use of contrast, which can potentially cause kidney damage, it is crucial to ensure that the patient's kidneys are functioning properly before administering the contrast. Therefore, examining the creatinine levels helps to assess the patient's renal function and determine if it is safe to proceed with the CT scan.
21.
Which of the following terms may be used to indicate a feeling of faintness
Correct Answer
D. Syncope
Explanation
Syncope is the correct answer because it is a term used to indicate a feeling of faintness or temporary loss of consciousness. It is often caused by a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain, resulting in a brief loss of consciousness. Lethargy refers to a lack of energy or enthusiasm, synergy refers to the combined effect of two or more things working together, and anosmia refers to the loss of sense of smell.
22.
Which of the following laboratory values is used to measure the coagulation ability of a PT before the invasive CT study
Correct Answer
D. A and C
Explanation
The laboratory values used to measure the coagulation ability of a PT before an invasive CT study are PTT and PT. PTT stands for Partial Thromboplastin Time and is a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. PT stands for Prothrombin Time and is a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is used to assess the integrity of the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. Therefore, both PTT and PT are important indicators of coagulation ability and would be used to evaluate a PT before an invasive CT study.
23.
Which of the following types of central venous lines may be used for the administration of contrast with a automatic injector
Correct Answer
D. None of the above
Explanation
None of the above options can be used for the administration of contrast with an automatic injector. Central venous lines such as a PICC line (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter) or a central venous catheter are typically used for this purpose.
24.
Which of the following IV contrast administration methods provides the greatest over all plasma iodine concentration
Correct Answer
B. Bolus techniques
Explanation
Bolus techniques provide the greatest overall plasma iodine concentration compared to other IV contrast administration methods. This is because a bolus technique involves administering a large amount of contrast agent rapidly, resulting in a high concentration of iodine in the plasma. Drip infusion, on the other hand, involves a slow and continuous administration of contrast agent, resulting in a lower overall concentration. Biphasic techniques involve both a bolus and a drip infusion, so the overall plasma iodine concentration may be lower compared to bolus techniques. CT portography is a specific imaging technique and not an IV contrast administration method.