Cold War In The Fifties

Explanation
Senator Joseph McCarthy believed that Communists had infiltrated the American government. During the Cold War era, McCarthy led a campaign to root out supposed communist sympathizers and spies, accusing many individuals without substantial evidence. This period became known as the "Red Scare," characterized by widespread fear and paranoia about communist infiltration in various sectors of American society, including government institutions. McCarthy's actions and accusations led to investigations, hearings, and the blacklisting of many individuals, creating a climate of suspicion and political repression.

Explanation
The correct answer is Rosenberg. The question asks for the last name of the husband and wife who were convicted of spying and executed. The name Rosenberg refers to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were American citizens convicted in 1951 of espionage for the Soviet Union during the Cold War. They were accused of providing classified information about nuclear weapons to the Soviet Union and were executed by electric chair in 1953.

Explanation
The dividing line between North and South Korea was located at the 38th parallel. This line was established in 1945 at the end of World War II, and it divided the Korean Peninsula into two separate countries. North Korea is located to the north of the 38th parallel, while South Korea is located to the south of it. The 38th parallel has been an important marker in Korean history, as it represents the division of the country and the ongoing conflict between the two sides.

Explanation
The correct answer is Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed in 1955 between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries, including Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. It was created as a response to the formation of NATO by Western countries, and its main purpose was to counteract NATO's influence and military presence in Europe during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact dissolved in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Explanation
In October 1957, the Russian satellite that was launched was called Sputnik. It was the first artificial satellite to be launched into space and marked the beginning of the Space Age. Sputnik was a significant achievement for the Soviet Union and had a major impact on the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. It paved the way for further advancements in space exploration and technology.

Explanation
Fidel Castro is the correct answer because he was the leader of Cuba who established a communist government there. He led the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and overthrew the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro then implemented socialist and communist policies, nationalizing industries and implementing land reforms. He remained in power as the Prime Minister and later as the President of Cuba until 2008. Castro's government aligned with the Soviet Union and became a symbol of anti-imperialism and revolution.

Explanation
In 1956, Soviet troops defeated a rebellion in Hungary. The uprising, known as the Hungarian Revolution, was a nationwide revolt against the Hungarian People's Republic and the Soviet-imposed policies. The rebellion began as a student demonstration and quickly escalated into a full-scale revolt. The Soviet Union responded by sending in troops to crush the rebellion and maintain control over Hungary. The uprising was eventually suppressed, resulting in a significant loss of life and the reaffirmation of Soviet dominance in the region.

Explanation
Joseph McCarthy lost credibility in his Senate hearings when he went after the military. This refers to the infamous Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954, where McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of communist infiltration. The hearings became a turning point in McCarthy's downfall, as his aggressive and unfounded accusations were exposed, leading to a loss of public support and credibility.

Explanation
During the Korean War, U.N. troops launched an invasion at Inchon, which turned the tide of the war. The invasion at Inchon was a strategic military operation that allowed U.N. forces to cut off North Korean supply lines and regain control of Seoul, the capital city. By successfully landing at Inchon, the U.N. forces were able to push back the North Korean troops and regain momentum in the war. This victory at Inchon was a significant turning point in the Korean War.

Explanation
During the time period mentioned, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal, which was previously controlled by England and France. The United States refused to assist England and France in their attempt to regain control of the canal from Egypt. This refusal can be attributed to the United States' policy of non-intervention in the affairs of other countries and their support for decolonization movements.