CNA Practice Exam 2

The most frequent type of accident in long-term facilities is falls. Falls are a common occurrence in these facilities due to factors such as age-related mobility issues, medication side effects, and environmental hazards. The risk of falls can be mitigated through various measures like regular assessments, implementing safety protocols, and providing assistive devices to residents.

A nursing assistant always works under the supervision of a nurse because nurses are trained professionals who have the knowledge and expertise to oversee and guide the work of nursing assistants. Nurses are responsible for coordinating patient care, administering medications, and providing medical treatments, while nursing assistants provide direct patient care and assist with activities of daily living under the direction of the nurse. The nurse ensures that the nursing assistant follows proper protocols and provides safe and effective care to patients.

The word "ambulate" is a formal term that means to move or walk about. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "walk".

The normal pulse range is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This can be represented in different ways, such as 60-100, 60 100, 60/100, or 60100.

PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment, which refers to any equipment or clothing worn to minimize exposure to hazards that may cause injury or illness. This can include items such as helmets, gloves, goggles, masks, and protective clothing. PPE is essential in various industries and workplaces to ensure the safety and well-being of workers by providing a barrier between them and potential hazards.

The acronym HOB stands for "Head Of Bed." This term is commonly used in healthcare settings to refer to the elevated position of a patient's head on the bed. Adjusting the head of the bed can have various medical benefits, such as improving breathing, reducing acid reflux, and promoting comfort for patients.

ADL stands for Activities of Daily Living, which refers to the basic tasks that individuals perform on a daily basis to take care of themselves and maintain their independence. These activities include tasks such as bathing, dressing, eating, grooming, mobility, and toileting. ADLs are used as a measure of an individual's functional status and are important in assessing their ability to live independently or determining the level of assistance they may require.

The correct answer is HIPPA. The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996 is commonly referred to as HIPPA. This act was enacted to protect the privacy and security of individuals' health information. It sets standards for the electronic exchange, privacy, and security of health information. The act also provides guidelines for the use and disclosure of protected health information by healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities.

The temperature measurement technique that uses a light probe inserted into the ear is called tympanic. This method is commonly used in medical settings to quickly and accurately measure body temperature. The light probe detects infrared radiation emitted by the eardrum and converts it into a temperature reading. Tympanic temperature measurement is considered to be reliable and convenient, as it provides a non-invasive and relatively quick way to assess body temperature.

A gait belt is a safety device that is used to assist a dependent resident in transferring from a bed to a chair. It is designed to provide support and stability during the transfer process, ensuring the safety of both the resident and the caregiver. The gait belt is placed around the resident's waist, allowing the caregiver to hold onto it and provide the necessary assistance and guidance during the transfer. It helps to prevent falls and injuries by providing a secure grip and support for the resident.

Orthostatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person changes their position, typically from lying down to standing up. This change in position causes blood to pool in the lower extremities, leading to a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain. As a result, the body compensates by lowering blood pressure, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting. Therefore, the correct answer is "position."

The normal respiration range is typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. This means that a healthy individual would typically take 12 to 20 breaths in a minute. The answer options provided all represent the same range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute, just in different formats.

DNR stands for "Do Not Resuscitate," which is a medical order indicating that in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest, no attempts should be made to revive the patient. This decision is usually made when a patient's condition is terminal or when they have expressed their wish to not undergo life-saving measures. The DNR order respects the patient's autonomy and allows them to die naturally without unnecessary interventions.

The correct measurement of urinary output is 300 cc. This is because cc stands for cubic centimeters, which is the standard unit for measuring urine output. The other options (40 oz, 2 cups, 1 quart) are not correct measurements for urinary output as they are not in the standard unit of measurement.

After a resident has eaten, drank something, or just finished smoking, their body temperature may be temporarily elevated. Waiting for a certain amount of time allows their body temperature to return to a more accurate baseline. The correct answer is 15-20 minutes, as this is the recommended time frame to wait before taking their temperature.

An Ombudsman is a person who acts as a representative or advocate for the residents. They are responsible for addressing complaints or concerns of residents and ensuring that their rights are protected. Therefore, the term "Ombudsman" is synonymous with the term "Residents Advocate."

When blood flow to the skin is disrupted, it can lead to a breakdown of skin tissues, which is known as a pressure sore. This condition commonly occurs in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility, as constant pressure on certain areas of the body can reduce blood flow and cause tissue damage. Pressure sores can be painful and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to regularly reposition immobile individuals and provide proper skincare to prevent the development of pressure sores.

The statement suggests that whenever there is uncertainty or confusion, it is always advisable to report to the charge nurse. This is because the charge nurse is responsible for overseeing the nursing staff and can provide guidance, clarification, or assistance in such situations. Reporting to the charge nurse ensures that appropriate actions are taken and potential issues are addressed promptly, promoting patient safety and effective communication within the healthcare team.

Keeping a Foley Bag at a level below the bladder ensures that urine does not flow back into the bladder, which can prevent the risk of infection. This positioning allows for proper drainage and prevents any potential contamination of the bladder by urine, reducing the chances of urinary tract infections.

HS care is given before bedtime. This implies that there is a specific routine or set of tasks that are done to take care of someone before they go to bed. This could include activities such as brushing teeth, changing into pajamas, taking medication, or any other tasks that are necessary for their well-being before they sleep. The phrase "before bedtime" indicates that this care is given in the evening, typically as part of a nightly routine.

The term "axillary" refers to the area under the armpit. Therefore, the least accurate temperature under the armpit would be measured using the axillary method.

The statement "You should wash your hands ONLY after you take them off" is incorrect. It is important to wash your hands before and after taking off gloves or any other protective covering. Washing hands before removing them helps prevent any potential contamination from transferring to your skin, while washing hands after removing them helps remove any potential contaminants that may have transferred from the gloves. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The correct answer is "Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep". This is the correct order of actions that CNAs must take when responding to emergencies. First, they need to pull the pin on the fire extinguisher to activate it. Then, they should aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire. Next, they need to squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Finally, they should sweep the nozzle from side to side to cover the entire area of the fire.

Rubbing lotion in a circular-like motion helps to promote circulation. Circular motions create a gentle massage effect on the skin, stimulating blood flow and improving circulation. This increased circulation can help to nourish the skin, deliver oxygen and nutrients, and remove waste products. By promoting circulation, the lotion can be more effectively absorbed into the skin, providing hydration and nourishment.

Hypertension is the proper medical term for high blood pressure. It refers to the condition where the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. This can lead to serious health complications if left untreated, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Hypertension is commonly managed through lifestyle changes, medication, and regular monitoring of blood pressure levels.

Allowing the resident to do as much as possible is the best way to provide restorative care because it promotes independence and helps maintain their physical and mental abilities. By encouraging the resident to participate in their own care, they can regain or maintain their functional abilities, improve their self-esteem, and have a sense of control over their own lives. This approach also fosters a person-centered care approach, where the resident's preferences and choices are respected and honored.

CNAs do not have the authority to choose what residents must wear. The decision regarding what residents wear is typically made by the residents themselves or their families, in consultation with healthcare professionals and based on individual preferences, comfort, and any specific medical or safety requirements. CNAs may assist residents with dressing or provide recommendations, but the final decision rests with the residents and their families. Therefore, the statement that CNAs can choose what residents must wear is false.

The correct answer is to watch for skin irritation or discoloration. This is important because restraints can cause harm to the patient, such as pressure ulcers or restricted blood flow. By monitoring the patient's skin for any signs of irritation or discoloration, the nurse aide can ensure that the restraint is not causing any harm and make necessary adjustments or remove the restraint if needed.

The abbreviation "Q2H" stands for "Per every 2 hours." This means that something occurs or is done once every two hours.

When lifting a heavy object, it is important to bend at the knees and keep your back straight. This helps to distribute the weight evenly and reduce strain on the back muscles. Bending at the waist or rounding the shoulders can put excessive pressure on the lower back, increasing the risk of injury. By bending at the knees and keeping the back straight, the legs and core muscles are used to lift the object, which is a safer and more efficient method.

When assisting a resident in learning to use a walker, it is important to stand at an angle behind him and use a gait belt. This positioning allows the caregiver to provide support and stability to the resident while walking. Standing at an angle behind the resident ensures that the caregiver can easily reach and assist the resident if needed. Using a gait belt adds an extra level of safety by providing a secure grip to the caregiver, reducing the risk of falls or accidents. This approach promotes the resident's independence and confidence while ensuring their safety during the learning process.

The statement "Would it help to talk about it?" would be most helpful if a resident is crying because it shows empathy and offers a supportive approach. It acknowledges the resident's emotions and gives them an opportunity to express their feelings, which can be cathartic and provide emotional relief. This statement also indicates a willingness to listen and provide comfort, creating a safe space for the resident to open up and potentially find solace in sharing their thoughts and concerns.

Handwashing is the most important principle of infection control because it is a simple and effective way to prevent the spread of infections. Regular handwashing with soap and water helps to remove germs from the hands, reducing the risk of transmitting them to others or infecting oneself. It is considered a universal precaution that should be practiced by everyone, including healthcare professionals, to maintain good hygiene and prevent the spread of diseases. Handwashing is particularly crucial in healthcare settings, where there is a higher risk of exposure to infectious agents.

Encouraging a resident to talk about their loss is considered the most effective approach because it allows them to express their emotions and feelings, which can be therapeutic. By providing a safe and supportive environment for them to share their experiences, it helps in the healing process and can promote emotional well-being. Additionally, talking about their loss can also help residents to gain a sense of closure and acceptance, as well as potentially receive support and understanding from others who may have gone through similar experiences.

The beginning sign of a pressure sore is discoloration. This refers to a change in the color of the skin, which can range from redness to a darker shade. Discoloration is an early indication that the skin is being subjected to excessive pressure, leading to reduced blood flow and potential tissue damage. It is important to identify and address discoloration promptly to prevent the development of pressure sores.

The correct answer is "Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish." The acronym RACE stands for the procedures that should be followed in the event of a fire emergency. First, it is important to rescue anyone in immediate danger. Then, the alarm should be raised to alert others and initiate the emergency response system. Next, the fire should be confined by closing doors and windows to prevent its spread. Finally, the fire should be extinguished using the appropriate methods and equipment. This sequence of actions helps ensure the safety of individuals and minimizes the damage caused by the fire.

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most accurate route for temperature because it provides the closest reflection of core body temperature. The rectum is situated close to the body's core, and the blood vessels in this area help maintain a relatively constant temperature. Therefore, rectal temperature readings are more reliable and accurate compared to other routes such as tympanic (ear), oral, or axillary (underarm) measurements, which can be influenced by external factors and may not accurately reflect core body temperature.

Restraints should be removed every 2 hours to ensure the safety and well-being of the individual. Prolonged use of restraints can lead to physical discomfort, skin breakdown, and psychological distress. By removing the restraints regularly, healthcare providers can assess the patient's condition, provide necessary care, and prevent complications associated with prolonged immobilization. This practice also promotes the patient's autonomy and dignity by allowing them some freedom of movement and reducing the risk of injury.

A resident who has difficulty swallowing or chewing will need a mechanical soft diet. This type of diet consists of foods that are soft, easy to chew, and swallow. It typically includes foods that are cooked, pureed, or mashed to a smooth consistency, such as soft fruits, cooked vegetables, ground or finely chopped meats, and soft grains. This diet helps to ensure that the resident can consume adequate nutrition despite their swallowing or chewing difficulties.

Clean bed linen placed in a resident's room but not used should not be returned to the linen closet. The reason for this is that once the bed linen has been placed in the resident's room, it is considered contaminated and cannot be reused for another resident. This is to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of germs or infections. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The base of the fire is the correct answer because when extinguishing a fire, it is important to target the source of the fire, which is the fuel. The base of the fire is where the fuel is located, and by extinguishing it first, the fire can be effectively controlled and prevented from spreading.

When assisting with giving a resident an enema, it is important to remember three points: gloves, lubrication, and positioning the resident on their left side. Gloves should always be worn to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of infection. Lubrication is necessary to make the insertion of the enema tube more comfortable for the resident. Positioning the resident on their left side helps facilitate the flow of the enema solution into the rectum.

Something measurable refers to a characteristic or attribute that can be quantified or observed using specific criteria or measurements. Objective refers to a quality or characteristic that is based on facts, evidence, and observable data rather than personal opinions or feelings. Therefore, objective is the correct answer as it aligns with the idea of something measurable.

The statement suggests that it is not possible to measure the height of a resident lying in bed and they would have to stand up. However, this is not true as there are various methods to measure the height of a person lying in bed, such as using a measuring tape or a height-measuring device specifically designed for bedridden individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Vital signs are essential indicators of a person's overall health and well-being. They provide crucial information about the functioning of the body. Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of arteries, indicating the health of the cardiovascular system. Temperature reflects the body's internal balance and can indicate the presence of infection or illness. Pulse measures the heart rate, which is an important indicator of cardiac function. Respirations measure the rate and depth of breathing, providing information about the respiratory system's efficiency. Therefore, blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations are all vital signs that healthcare professionals monitor to assess a person's health status.

Pretending to check a resident's pulse is not a valid or effective method to record their respiration range. Respiration and pulse are two separate physiological processes, and checking the pulse does not provide accurate information about respiration. To measure respiration range, one should directly observe and count the number of breaths a resident takes within a specific time period. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.

CNAs, or Certified Nursing Assistants, are healthcare professionals who assist nurses in providing basic care to patients. While they are trained to perform various tasks such as taking vital signs and assisting with personal hygiene, they are generally not allowed to clip toenails. This is because toenail clipping requires specific training and expertise to avoid causing injury or infection. Therefore, it is true that CNAs are not allowed to clip toenails.

Residents should always transfer in the direction of their strong side because it allows them to utilize their stronger muscles and maintain better balance and stability during the transfer. Transferring towards the weak side may put more strain on the weaker muscles and increase the risk of falls or injuries. By transferring towards the strong side, residents can maintain their independence and reduce the likelihood of accidents.

Using friction is the part of the handwashing procedure that removes the most germs. When we rub our hands together vigorously, the friction helps to dislodge and remove the germs from our skin. This action helps to break down the biofilm that bacteria and viruses create on our hands. Additionally, using friction ensures that we cover all areas of our hands, including the spaces between fingers and under nails, where germs can hide. Therefore, using friction during handwashing is crucial in effectively removing germs and reducing the risk of infections.

As a CNA, it is part of your job to take vital signs, provide mouth care, and document in residents' charts. Taking vital signs is important to monitor the health status of residents and detect any changes or abnormalities. Providing mouth care is essential for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing infections. Documenting in residents' charts is necessary to keep a record of their care, progress, and any observations or treatments provided. Administering medications, however, is typically not within the scope of practice for CNAs and is usually done by licensed nurses.