Clinical Nutrition - Qp3

Explanation
The statement suggests that, except for a few cases, hunter-gatherer societies did not consume milk around 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. This is supported by archaeological evidence and the understanding that lactose intolerance was prevalent in early human populations. Therefore, the answer "True" indicates that the statement is correct.

Explanation
General Adaptation Syndrome was described in 1956 by Professor Hans Selye as a process of various stages. It refers to the body's response to stress, which occurs in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. During the alarm stage, the body mobilizes its resources to respond to the stressor. In the resistance stage, the body tries to adapt and cope with the stressor. Finally, in the exhaustion stage, the body's resources are depleted, leading to various physical and psychological problems.

Explanation
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are considered macronutrients because they are required by the body in large amounts to provide energy and support various bodily functions. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, lipids (fats) provide energy and help with the absorption of certain vitamins, and proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues. Vitamins, minerals, and fiber are considered micronutrients as they are required in smaller amounts for specific functions in the body.

Explanation
Vitamins are organic nutrients found in foods. They are essential for the proper functioning of the body and are required in small amounts. Vitamins play a crucial role in various bodily processes, such as metabolism, immune function, and cell growth. They are obtained through a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

Explanation
The fat-soluble vitamins are A, K, and D. These vitamins are soluble in fats and oils, and they can be stored in the body's fatty tissues. Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and cell growth. Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone health. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. B3, B2, and C are water-soluble vitamins, which means they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.

Explanation
Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins that are responsible for clotting. Without vitamin K, the blood would have difficulty clotting properly, leading to excessive bleeding. Therefore, it is essential for maintaining a healthy clotting process in the body.

Explanation
Folic acid is required for forming DNA. Folic acid plays a crucial role in the synthesis and repair of DNA, as it is involved in the production of nucleic acids and the formation of new cells. It is necessary for the proper growth and division of cells, including the cells involved in DNA replication. Folic acid is also important for the development of the neural tube in embryos, making it essential for proper fetal development.

Explanation
Eggs, meat, and milk are good sources of pantothenic acid because they contain significant amounts of this essential nutrient. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is important for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body. Eggs, meat, and milk are all animal-based foods that naturally contain pantothenic acid. Including these foods in the diet can help ensure an adequate intake of this vitamin.