Clinical Nutrition - Qp19

Explanation
The statement is true because there is currently no laboratory-based test available to diagnose PMS (premenstrual syndrome). PMS is a condition that affects women before their menstrual cycle and is characterized by various physical and emotional symptoms. However, the diagnosis of PMS is typically based on the presence of consistent symptoms that occur in relation to the menstrual cycle, rather than on any specific laboratory test. Medical professionals rely on a thorough evaluation of symptoms and medical history to diagnose PMS.

Explanation
The common symptoms of PMS include depression, abdominal bloating, and rage. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest. Abdominal bloating refers to the feeling of fullness or tightness in the abdomen, often accompanied by gas or water retention. Rage refers to intense anger or fury. These symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with PMS, which is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the days or weeks before menstruation.

Explanation
Experiencing the birth of a child can trigger a bout of PMS due to the hormonal changes that occur during and after pregnancy. These hormonal fluctuations can lead to mood swings, irritability, and other symptoms commonly associated with PMS. Unusual trauma, such as a significant emotional or physical stressor, can also trigger PMS symptoms. However, exposure to pollen and excessive scratching are not typically associated with PMS and are unlikely to trigger a bout of symptoms.

Explanation
During puberty, both girls and boys experience rapid growth and development, which increases their nutritional needs including the need for vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for healthy growth and development, as well as for maintaining good vision, immune function, and reproductive health. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that both girls and boys require less vitamin A during puberty.

Explanation
Coffee contains three substances: Theobromine, Theophylline, and Caffeine. Theobromine is a bitter alkaloid found in cocoa beans and tea leaves, which provides a mild stimulant effect. Theophylline is a compound found in tea leaves and cocoa beans as well, and it acts as a bronchodilator, helping to relax the airways. Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is found in coffee beans and provides a temporary boost in energy and alertness.

Explanation
Alcohol can contribute to liver damage because when consumed in excessive amounts, it can lead to inflammation and scarring of the liver. This condition, known as alcoholic liver disease, can progress to more severe conditions such as alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The liver is responsible for metabolizing alcohol, and excessive alcohol consumption can overwhelm its ability to process it, leading to damage over time. Therefore, it is important to consume alcohol in moderation to protect the liver from potential harm.

Explanation
PMS stands for premenstrual syndrome, not post-menstrual syndrome. Premenstrual syndrome refers to a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the days leading up to a woman's menstrual period. Post-menstrual syndrome, on the other hand, is not a recognized medical term.

Explanation
A high blood sugar level is actually known as hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia refers to a low blood sugar level. Therefore, the statement "A high blood sugar level is known as hypoglycaemia" is incorrect.

Explanation
DHEA is indeed a shorthand for dehydroepiandrosterone. This hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a role in the production of other hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. It is often referred to as the "mother hormone" because it can be converted into these other hormones as needed by the body. DHEA levels tend to decline with age, and it has been studied for its potential benefits in various health conditions, including aging, depression, and sexual function. Therefore, the statement that DHEA is shorthand for dehydroepiandrosterone is true.

Explanation
GLA stands for Gamma-linolenic acid, not Gammon linolenic acid. So, the given statement is false.