CIS 212 Test 2 - Polymorphism - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. When using an object, the behaviour is defined by the

Apparent type

Actual type

None of the above

When using an object, the behavior is defined by its actual type. This means that the object will exhibit the specific behaviors and functionalities that are defined in its actual class or type. The apparent type of an object refers to the type that is used to reference the object, but it does not determine the behavior of the object itself. Therefore, the actual type of an object is what ultimately defines its behavior.

Explanation

When using an object, the behavior is defined by its actual type. This means that the object will exhibit the specific behaviors and functionalities that are defined in its actual class or type. The apparent type of an object refers to the type that is used to reference the object, but it does not determine the behavior of the object itself. Therefore, the actual type of an object is what ultimately defines its behavior.

2. What is the actual type of an object?

The super class of the object

The concrete class used to create the object

The abstract class of an object

The inheritance hierarchy of the object

The actual type is determined during the construction of an object

Explanation

The actual type is determined during the construction of an object

3. An apparent type is always...

A subtype of the actual type

The same for each instance

A supertype of the actual type

None of the above

Remember that a type includes itself as a supertype

Explanation

Remember that a type includes itself as a supertype

4. When using an object, the interface is defined by the

Apparent type

Actual type

None of the above

The interface of an object is defined by its apparent type, which is the type that is declared and known at compile-time. This is the type that determines which methods and properties can be accessed on the object. The actual type of an object, on the other hand, refers to the specific class or type that the object belongs to at runtime. While the actual type may be different from the apparent type in cases of inheritance or polymorphism, it does not affect the interface of the object. Therefore, the correct answer is apparent type.

Explanation

The interface of an object is defined by its apparent type, which is the type that is declared and known at compile-time. This is the type that determines which methods and properties can be accessed on the object. The actual type of an object, on the other hand, refers to the specific class or type that the object belongs to at runtime. While the actual type may be different from the apparent type in cases of inheritance or polymorphism, it does not affect the interface of the object. Therefore, the correct answer is apparent type.

5. Substitution principle means that

We can swap an instance of some type with some other instance of the same type

Subtype can be used wherever a supertype is expected without affecting correctness of client code

Supertype can be used wherever a subtype is expected without affecting correctness of client code

We can override a method easily

None of the above

The correct answer is that the substitution principle means that a subtype can be used wherever a supertype is expected without affecting the correctness of client code. This principle is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, where it allows for polymorphism and code reusability. By substituting a subtype for a supertype, we can write code that is more flexible and adaptable to different types of objects, without needing to modify the client code. This ensures that the client code will still work correctly, regardless of the specific subtype being used.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the substitution principle means that a subtype can be used wherever a supertype is expected without affecting the correctness of client code. This principle is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, where it allows for polymorphism and code reusability. By substituting a subtype for a supertype, we can write code that is more flexible and adaptable to different types of objects, without needing to modify the client code. This ensures that the client code will still work correctly, regardless of the specific subtype being used.

6. What is the apparent type of an object?

The type of the expression that uses the object

The result of the toString() method

The subtype of the object

The class used to instantiate the object

E.g. Collection c = new Vector();
c has an apparent type as a Collection, but the actual type is Vector

Explanation

E.g. Collection c = new Vector();
c has an apparent type as a Collection, but the actual type is Vector

7. When creating a subtype, Java cannot enforce some specification declared in some supertype. So in order for the subtype to be compliant with the spec, it should

Implement all methods of the supertype

Satisfy the postconditions and preconditions found in the spec

Inherit by specification

None of the above

When creating a subtype in Java, it is important for the subtype to satisfy the postconditions and preconditions found in the specification of the supertype. This means that the subtype should adhere to the requirements and constraints set by the supertype, ensuring that it behaves correctly and consistently with the expected behavior. By satisfying the postconditions and preconditions, the subtype can ensure that it is compliant with the specification and can be used interchangeably with the supertype without causing any unexpected issues or errors.

Explanation

When creating a subtype in Java, it is important for the subtype to satisfy the postconditions and preconditions found in the specification of the supertype. This means that the subtype should adhere to the requirements and constraints set by the supertype, ensuring that it behaves correctly and consistently with the expected behavior. By satisfying the postconditions and preconditions, the subtype can ensure that it is compliant with the specification and can be used interchangeably with the supertype without causing any unexpected issues or errors.