Chapter 1,2,3 Quiz

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the:

• Structional-Functional Approach

• Social-Conflict Approach

The concept "counterculture" refers to:

• Popular culture

• Cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held

• High culture

Robert Merton explained that what is funtional for one catergory of a society's population:

• May not be funtional for another category

• Is unlikely to change over time

Over the course of the last century, the mass media have had less and less influence on people in the US

• True

• False

Education is the social institution by which society provides people with important knowledge, including:

• Cultural norms and values

• Job skills

• Basic facts and information

• All of the above are correct

The pioneering sociologist who founded Chicago's hull house to assist immigrants and who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was:

• Jane Addams

• Harriet Martineau

The social-conflict theory draws attention to:

• How people construct meaning through interaction

• Patterns of social inequality

Historically, hte sociological perspective was most likely to develop in:

• Countries experiencing rapid social changes

• Nations with little social change

• Isolated villages

• Countries where feudalism was strong

Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others do

• True

• False

Compared w/hunting and gathering societies, horticultural and pastoral societies display more job specializatoin and social inequality

• True

• False

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by:

• Adam Smith

• Karl Marx

• Herbert Spencer

• Auguste Comte

What might a sociologist say about why an individual choooses a particular person to marry?

• This shows that the social world guides human behavior

• This shows that people's actions reflect human free will

Which woman made a mark as an early sociologist by studying the evils of slavery and also translating the writings of Auguste Comte?

• Jane Addams

• Harriet Martineau

The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the:

• Symbolic-interaction approach

• Sociobiology approach

• Social-conflict approach

The early US sociologist who earned the first doctorated ever awarded by Harvard Uni to a person of color was:

• Herbert Spencer

• W.E.B Du Bois

Which of the following does NOT characterize changes brought on by industrialization?

• The economy becomes more productive

• Tradition becomes a more powerful part of culture

• New forms of transportation and communication make the world seem smaller

The term "sociology" was coined from Emile Durkheim

• True

• False

Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates

• True

• False

The concept "ethnocentrism" refers to:

• Taking pride in one's ethnicity

• Judging another culture by it's own standards

• Judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture

The theoretical approach that highlights the way any cultural pattern helps meet human needs is the:

• Social-conflict approach

• Structional-functional approach

• Symbolic-interaction approach

Childhood and all the other stages of the life course are defined in much the same way in all societies

• True

• False

Jeffrey Dahmer...act of murder could be desribed as violation of a _______  while cannibalism could be described as a violation of a _________.

Mead considered the "generalized other" to be:

• Widespread cultural norms and values people take as their own

• Any "significant other"

• A person who provides complete care for a child

• Important individuals in a person's life

Which of the following statements linkin nature and nurture does sociology hold to be correct?

• For human beings, nurture is more important than nature

• Humans have powerful instincts the same way other animals do

• The acorn doesn't fall far from the tree

• For human beings, nature is more important than nurture

When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that:

• People see things only from thier own point of view

• People are self-absorbed

• Our actions are a reflection of our values

• People see themsleves as they think others see them

Which of the following is NOT a function of the economy, as a social institution?

• Guides patterns of consumption of goods and services

• Operates in a relatively predictable manner

• Promotes a "pure" form of capitalism

• Organizes the production and distribution of goods and services

Folkways are norms that are taken very seriously as they are essential to a group's core values

• True

• False

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of:

• Superego

• Ego

• Id

• Generalized other

Which of the following statements comes closest to describing Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization?

• Personality involves tensions between the forces of biology and forces of culture

• Personality develops mostly in childhood

• Personality develops over the entire life course in patterned ways

• We come to see ourselves as we think others see us

Jean Piaget's focus was on:

• How children are stimulated by thier environment

• Cognition- how people think and understand

• How children develop their motor skills

• The role of heredity in shaping human behavior