Chapter 9 - Lifespan Development

1. Number of years an individual will live based on the average for others with similar characteristics

Mortality

Life expectancy

Morbidity

Death rate

p. 180

Explanation

p. 180

2. Development is a lifelong process that begins at ____________, the beginning of pregnancy, and ends with ___________.

Meiosis, old age

0 month, 100 years old

Sexual intercourse, a funeral

Conception (fertilization), death

p. 181

Explanation

p. 181

3. By age 8 to 9 months, most babies master eating mashed or junior foods. By 9 months, suggest using a training cup and begin the process of weaning

True

False

p. 191

Explanation

p. 191

4. The number of deaths before the first year of life

Death rate

Infant mortality rate

Infant morbidity rate

Demographics

p. 181

Explanation

p. 181

5. How does Erikson define the task of the infant?

Work vs rest

Industry vs guilt

Basic trust vs mistrust

Play vs learn

p. 190

Explanation

p. 190

6. Match the 8 stages of life span development on the left with the specific age group on the right

infancy

toddler

preschool

school-age

adolescence

early adulthood

middle adulthood

late adulthood

p. 181

Explanation

p. 181

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7. In Erik Erickson's stages of psychosocial development, match the stage on the left with its approximate age and the corresponding developmental task on the right.

infancy

toddler

preschool

school age

adolescence

young adulthood

middle adulthood

late adulthood

p. 187

Explanation

p. 187

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8. Infants do not require additional fluids, especially water or juice, during the first 4 months of life.

True

False

p. 191

Explanation

p. 191

9. What is the leading cause of injury and death in infants and young children ?

Food poisoning

Accidents

Stupid parents

Violence

p. 192

Explanation

p. 192

10. What is the pattern of growth from 1 month to a year?

First Cephalocaudal, then proximodistal

First proximodistal, the cephalocaudal

First lateral, then parenteral

First the bones, then the skin

p. 189

Explanation

p. 189

11. Causes of family stress. Select all that apply

Chronic illness

Working mothers

Abuse

Divorce

Birthday parties and first communion

p. 186

Explanation

p. 186

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12. Studies on children ages 5 to 30 months who had good attachment relationships showed that they experienced a predictable behavior pattern following separation. What is t?

Isolation

Abandonment

Separation anxiety

Mistrust

p. 191

Explanation

p. 191

13. Using Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development, match a trait on the left with a stage on the right.

develops schema

uses trial and error to discover new traits and characteristics

has more realistic views; better understands other viewpoints

recongizes past, present and future

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

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14. Match the motor development ability on the left with the age group on the right

Infant is able to hold the head up whil in the prone position

Infant has the ability to hold the head up steadily to a 90 degree angle while in prone position

Most infants are able to balance the head quite well

Infants have acquired the ability to sit up steadily without support

p. 190

Explanation

p. 190

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15. In relation to chromosomes, what is the difference between a sperm and an ovum?

Ovum always carries a Y chromosome. Sperm sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of X chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male

Sperm always carries a X chromosome. Ovum sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male

Ovum always carries an X chromosome. Sperm sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male

Zygotes always carries an X chromosome. Embryos sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male

p. 182

Explanation

p. 182

16. Match a family pattern on the left with its description on the right

autocratic

patriarchal

matriarchal (or matrifocal)

democratic

p. 184

Explanation

p. 184

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17. Based on Piaget's theory, which group recognizes cause and effect relationships?

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

18. Common signs of stress in children. Select all that apply:

Mood swings, acting out behavior

Change in eating or sleeping patterns

Frequent stomach aches, headaches or other unexplained somatic complaints

Excessive clinging to parents

Thumb-sucking, bed wetting; regression to an early stage of development

p. 186

Explanation

p. 186

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19. Using Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development, match a trait on the left with a stage on the right.

learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight (object permanence) and begins to remember and imagine experiences (mental representation)

uses symbols to represent objects

focuses on more than one task; develops logical, socialized thoughts

becomes more interested in ethics, politics and all social and moral issues as ability to take a broader and more theoretic approach to experience increases

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

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20. During the first 6 months, there are certain foods that need to be avoided since they are mostly identified as allergy-producing substances. All of the food below should be avoided except for what?

Citrus fruits

Egg whites

Milk

Wheat flour

p. 191

Explanation

p. 191

21. Match Piaget's Stages of cognitive development on the left with its specific trait on the right

birth to 2

2 to 6 years

7 to 11 years

12+ years

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

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22. Piaget claims that according to his theory, this group learns to identify behavior outcome and understands basic ideas of conversation, number classification, and other concrete ideas:

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

23. Match the stages of family development on the left with a brief description on the right

Engagement or Commitment stage

Establishment stage

Expectant stage

Parenthood stage

Disengagement stage of parenthood

Senescence stage

p. 185

Explanation

p. 185

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24. Children do not reach the physiologic or psychological maturity necessary to begin toilet training until what age?

24 to 36 months

18 to 24 months

6 to 12 months

12 to 18 months

p. 194

Explanation

p. 194

25. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about an infant's weight growth?

The infant usually doubles his or her birth weight by 4 to 6 months

By the time the baby is 1 year old, his weight has tripled.

Infant is expected to gain about 1.5 pounds per month until 5 months

Most of the weight gain in the first month of life is fat

After 8 months, weight gain includes water retention

p. 189 After 8 months, weight gain includes more bone and muscle

Explanation

p. 189 After 8 months, weight gain includes more bone and muscle

26. The following statements pertain to the intellectual and developmental growth of an infant. Select all that apply

The infant uses senses to learn about self and environment

Infant learns by exploration of objects and events and by interaction

Piaget describes the infant as being in the SENSORIMOTOR stage

The infant develops an image or schema and assimilates and interprets the information.

Beginning at 8 months, infants show anxiety when they are separated from their primary caregiver; by 9 months most children will show alarm at the presence of a stranger.

p. 191

Explanation

p. 191

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27. Match Erickson's developmental tasks on the left with expected outcomes on the right

trust vs mistrust (infancy)

autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddler)

initiative vs guilt (preschool)

industry vs inferiority (school age)

identity vs role confusion (adolescence)

intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood)

generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood)

ego integrity vs despair (late adulthood)

p. 187

Explanation

p. 187

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28. Steps that reduce the incidence of SIDS. Select all that apply

Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, avoid using soft bedding or pillows

Place infants on their side to sleep

Keep room well ventilated

Breast feed if possible

p. 192 - Place infants on their back to sleep

Explanation

p. 192 - Place infants on their back to sleep

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29. Which of the following statements on infant nutrition is not true?

Breast milk or formula is the only food most babies need until they are about 4 to 6 months

Newborns should be fed when hungry

Signs of overfeeding include vomiting and watery stools

Signs of underfeeding includes permanent wrinkling of the skin

p. 191 - Signs of underfeeding includes persistent wrinkling of the skin

Explanation

p. 191 - Signs of underfeeding includes persistent wrinkling of the skin

30. Which of the following are applicable rules for infants with regards to solid foods. Select all that apply:

Introduce only one new food at a time, allowing several days between new foods

Introduce cereals first, fruits and vegetables next, and meats last

Avoid mixing foods to allow the infant to develop interest in different foods and tastes.

Full term infants need an iron supplement in their diet

p. 191 Full term infants have enough stored iron to last for at least 5 to 6 months of age.

Explanation

p. 191 Full term infants have enough stored iron to last for at least 5 to 6 months of age.

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31. Basic functions of a family include the following: Select all that apply

Protection

Nurturance

Education

Sustenance

Socialization

p. 183

Explanation

p. 183

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32. Match the terms on the left with a corresponding definition as they relate to growth and development

growth

development

cephalocaudal

proximodistal

chromosomes

karyotype

zygote

teratogen

p. 182

Explanation

p. 182

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33. What does smoking do to pregnancy? Select all that apply:

5 to 25% of unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy is because of smoking

Nicotine has been found out the cause of infant bone deformity

It is suggested that smoking increases the incidence of low birth weight babies

Smoking leaves intractable stain in the infants lungs

p. 182

Explanation

p. 182

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34. Sleep patterns of newborns and infants. Select all that apply:

Newborns and infants sleep 18 hours out of 24. They consist of short nap-like periods

It is normal for an infant to make noises during this period

By the end of the first year, infant will usually sleep 12 hours at night and take one nap during the day

Formerly known as crib death, sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) appears to peak 12 to 24 months after birth

p. 192 - Formerly known as crib death, sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) appears to peak 2 to 3 months after birth

Explanation

p. 192 - Formerly known as crib death, sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) appears to peak 2 to 3 months after birth

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35. Using Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development, match a trait on the right with a stage on the left.

birth to 2: sensorimotor

2 to 6: preoperational

7 to 11: concrete operational

12+ : formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

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36. Match the concept pertinent to the family on the left with a definition/description on the right

family

nuclear

extended

single-parent

blended (reconstituted)

social contract and cohabitation

homosexual

adoptive

foster

p. 183

Explanation

p. 183

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37. Based on Piaget's theory, which group develops more logical and intuitive thinking?

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

38. Which of the following principles of growth and development (G&D) is not true?

G&D proceeds at a highly individualized rate that varies from person to person. Do not expect two people to react in the same manner to the same stimuli

G&D are continuous and interdependent processes characterized by spurts of growth and periods of rest

G&D proceed from the simple to the complex in a predictable sequence

G&D vary for specific structures at specific times. IN other words, not all organs grow and develop at the same rate; for example, the ovaries in the female and the testes in the male do not mature until puberty

G&D are sequential stages that involve a person in segments of his chronological age. The person grows physically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.

p. 182 - G&D are a total process that involves the whole person. The person grows physically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.

Explanation

p. 182 - G&D are a total process that involves the whole person. The person grows physically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.

39. Psychosocial traits of a toddler (1 to 3 years old). Select all that apply:

Uninhibited, energetic, seeking attention, approval and achievment

Erickson sees toddler as struggling with autonomy (self-control) in opposition to shame and doubt.

Temper tantrums are common

The toddler's concept of time is unlimited

p. 194 - The toddler's concept of time is not limited to the present

Explanation

p. 194 - The toddler's concept of time is not limited to the present

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40. What is the pattern of growth among toddlers from 1 to 3 years of age? Select all that apply:

Proceeds from head to foot

From the center outward

From bone to skin

From general to specific movements

p. 192

Explanation

p. 192

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41. Match Piaget's Stages of cognitive development on the left with its specific age group on the right

sensorimotor

preoperational thought

concrete operational thought

formal operational thought

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

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42. According to Piaget's theory, this group focuses on a single aspect of an object, producing some distortion of reality. They also gain an imaginative ability. And gradually begins to become less egocentric and understands other points of view.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

43. According to Piaget, which stage develops thinking and goal directed behevior

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

p. 188

Explanation

p. 188

44. Primary dentition schedule: match the age group on the left with dentition development on the right

6 months

7 months

9 months

11 months

12 months

24 months

30 months (2 yrs and 1/2)

p. 189

Explanation

p. 189

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45. Match the age group on the left with the specific locomotor ability on the right

7 months

9 months

10 months

About 8 months to 15 months

p. 190

Explanation

p. 190

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46. Match the basic sequence of language on the right with the age group it belongs on the left.

3 months

1 year

Preschool

6 years

p. 189

Explanation

p. 189

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