Dermatology Diagnostics: Quiz On Skin Disorders And Diseases

A pustule is a raised, inflamed pimple that contains pus on the top of the lesion. Pus is a thick, yellowish-white fluid that is produced as a result of inflammation or infection. It consists of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris. The presence of pus in a pustule is a common sign of infection and indicates that the body is actively fighting against the invading pathogens.

Acne is affected by both genetic and hormonal factors. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty or menstrual cycles, can lead to an increase in oil production and clogged pores, resulting in acne. These hormonal imbalances can also cause an overgrowth of bacteria on the skin, further contributing to acne development. Therefore, the correct answer is "hormonal" as it accurately represents one of the factors that influence acne.

A scar is a slightly raised mark on the skin that forms after an injury or lesion has healed. It is a permanent mark that occurs when the body repairs and replaces damaged skin tissue. Scars can vary in size, shape, and color, and they can be caused by various factors such as cuts, burns, surgeries, or acne. Scars are different from moles, scales, and stains, as they specifically refer to the mark left behind after the healing process of a skin injury.

All of the listed pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can cause skin infections. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes can lead to various skin infections, including cellulitis and impetigo. Fungal infections like ringworm and athlete's foot are caused by fungi, while viral infections like herpes simplex and chickenpox can also affect the skin. Therefore, all three types of pathogens can cause skin infections.

Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes. This lack of melanin results in a pale complexion and sensitivity to sunlight. People with albinism often have light-colored hair and eyes, and they may experience vision problems. Therefore, the absence of melanin pigment and sensitivity to light are common signs of albinism.

Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the follicles. Follicles are small openings in the skin where hair grows. When these follicles get clogged, it can lead to various skin issues such as acne. Noncomedogenic products are formulated in a way that they do not block or obstruct these follicles, allowing the skin to breathe and preventing the formation of acne or other skin problems.

Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland. The sebaceous gland is responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair. When the sebaceous gland becomes blocked or overproduces sebum, it can lead to the formation of acne. This inflammation can cause pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads to develop on the skin. Therefore, the sebaceous gland plays a crucial role in the development of acne.

An open comedo, also known as a blackhead, is a type of acne lesion that occurs when a hair follicle becomes clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. The clogged pore remains open at the surface of the skin, allowing the trapped material to oxidize and turn black, hence the name blackhead. Unlike moles or birthmarks, which are typically pigmented areas of the skin, blackheads are a result of excess oil production and are commonly found on the face, particularly in areas with larger pores such as the nose and chin. Whiteheads, on the other hand, are similar to blackheads but have a closed pore, preventing oxidation and resulting in a white or flesh-colored appearance.

Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. Unlike basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell melanoma, malignant melanoma has a higher likelihood of spreading to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. Verruca cell is not a recognized type of skin cancer.

It is recommended to wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 on a daily basis. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays, which can cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. An SPF of 15 means that the sunscreen can provide 15 times the protection against sunburn compared to not wearing any sunscreen. This level of protection is considered adequate for daily use to protect the skin from harmful sun rays.

Eczema is an uncomfortable and often chronic disease of the skin characterized by inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching. It is a condition that affects the skin's barrier function, causing it to become dry, red, and itchy. Eczema can occur in different forms and can be triggered by various factors such as allergies, irritants, stress, and genetics. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages and can have a significant impact on their quality of life. Treatment for eczema usually involves managing symptoms, moisturizing the skin, avoiding triggers, and using medications to reduce inflammation and itching.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It typically affects areas of the body with a high concentration of these glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper chest. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an overgrowth of yeast on the skin, as well as genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms may include redness, itching, flaking, and greasy scales. Treatment usually involves medicated shampoos, creams, or ointments to help control inflammation and reduce symptoms.

Approximately 80 to 85 percent of skin aging is caused by the rays of the sun. This is because exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can lead to various skin issues such as wrinkles, fine lines, age spots, and loss of elasticity. UV rays can damage the collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, leading to premature aging. Additionally, prolonged sun exposure can also increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, protecting the skin from the sun's harmful rays through the use of sunscreen and other protective measures is crucial in preventing skin aging.

A fissure is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. This term is commonly used to describe deep, painful cracks that occur in areas such as the heels, hands, or lips. Fissures can be caused by dryness, excessive pressure, or certain medical conditions. They can be quite painful and may bleed or become infected if left untreated.

Scales refer to thin, dry or oily plates of epidermal flakes. These flakes can be seen on the skin or scalp and are commonly associated with conditions such as dandruff or psoriasis. Scales can vary in size and texture, and their presence often indicates an imbalance in the skin's natural shedding process. Proper care and treatment can help manage and reduce the appearance of scales.

Irritant contact dermatitis is a condition where irritating substances cause damage to the skin. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as a protective barrier. When irritants come into contact with the epidermis, they can cause temporary damage, leading to symptoms such as redness, itching, and inflammation. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. The papillary layer is a part of the dermis that is involved in the formation of fingerprints. While irritants can affect the dermis and hair follicles to some extent, the primary site of damage in irritant contact dermatitis is the epidermis.

A wheal is an itchy, swollen lesion that typically lasts for only a few hours. This type of skin reaction is commonly seen in allergic reactions, such as hives or insect bites. It is characterized by a raised, red area on the skin that is often accompanied by itching or a burning sensation. Wheals can vary in size and shape and may appear and disappear quickly.

A sebaceous cyst is a large, protruding, pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. When the duct of a sebaceous gland becomes blocked, it can lead to the formation of a cyst. These cysts are usually painless and can occur anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the face, neck, and trunk. They can vary in size and may be firm or soft to the touch. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst if it becomes infected or bothersome.

Milia are keratin-filled cysts that form just below the surface of the skin and do not have any visible openings. They typically appear as small, white or yellowish bumps and are commonly found on the face, particularly around the eyes and nose. Milia are harmless and usually resolve on their own over time, but they can be removed by a dermatologist if desired. Ulcers, crust, and pustules do not match the description given in the question.

Following a good daily skincare routine can help protect the skin from pollutants. This routine may include cleansing the skin to remove dirt and impurities, using a toner to balance the skin's pH, applying moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated, and using sunscreen to protect against harmful UV rays. By taking care of the skin regularly, it can become stronger and better equipped to defend against pollutants in the environment.

A stain refers to an abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. This term is commonly used to describe a mark or discoloration on the skin caused by various factors such as trauma, infection, or exposure to certain substances. Unlike moles, chloasma, and lentigo, which are specific skin conditions with distinct characteristics, a stain is a more general term used to describe any abnormal discoloration on the skin.

A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis, is referred to as a vesicle.

Bromhidrosis refers to foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria. This condition occurs when sweat interacts with bacteria on the skin, resulting in an unpleasant odor. Hyperhidrosis, on the other hand, refers to excessive sweating, while miliaria rubra is a heat rash caused by blocked sweat glands. Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat. Therefore, bromhidrosis is the correct answer as it specifically relates to foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria.

Dyschromia refers to an abnormal coloration that accompanies a skin disorder or systemic disorder. This can manifest as hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, or a combination of both. It is a common symptom seen in various dermatological conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Dyschromia can also be caused by systemic diseases like Addison's disease or liver dysfunction. Therefore, dyschromia is the correct answer as it accurately describes the abnormal coloration that occurs in these conditions.

A callus is a type of keratoma. A callus is a thickened area of skin that forms as a result of repeated friction or pressure. It is a protective response of the skin to prevent further damage. Calluses are commonly found on the hands and feet, particularly in areas that are subjected to constant rubbing or pressure. They can be painful or uncomfortable, but they generally do not require medical treatment unless they become infected or cause other complications.

A macule is a small, flat spot or discoloration on the skin that is left behind after a pimple has healed. It is different from other options like leukoderma, milia, and scale, which do not specifically refer to the aftermath of a pimple.

A tubercle is an abnormal rounded, solid lump larger than a papule and located above, within, or under the skin. This term is commonly used in medical contexts to describe a specific type of skin lesion. A mole is a small, pigmented spot on the skin, while a macula refers to a flat, discolored area of skin. A bulla, on the other hand, is a large fluid-filled blister. Therefore, the correct answer is tubercle.

The given statement suggests that people have a considerable amount of control over the extrinsic factors that affect aging, such as lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and habits. However, they have no control over the intrinsic factors, which are internal and genetic factors that naturally occur within the body and contribute to the aging process.

Miliaria rubra is the correct answer for the given question. Miliaria rubra is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands that is characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles on the skin. It is accompanied by burning and itching sensations. Hyperhidrosis refers to excessive sweating, anhidrosis is the inability to sweat, and bromhidrosis is a condition characterized by foul-smelling sweat.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder that causes rapid skin cell turnover, leading to the formation of thick, scaly plaques. These plaques are often itchy and can appear on various parts of the body, including the scalp, elbows, and knees.