Chapter 7 Cells Quiz

A scientist would use a microscope to view cells that make up an organism. A microscope is a tool that magnifies small objects, allowing scientists to see details that are not visible to the naked eye. This is particularly useful for studying cells, as they are too small to be seen without magnification. A telescope is used to view distant objects in space, a photoscope and macroscope are not actual tools, and the unaided eye is not capable of seeing cells at the microscopic level.

Chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesizing in plant cells. It is an organelle found in plant cells that contains chlorophyll, which is the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for plants to produce their own food and release oxygen into the atmosphere. The other options listed, such as cell wall, mitochondria, nucleolus, and vacuole, do not directly participate in photosynthesis.

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for creating most of the ATP used by the cell. ATP is the main source of energy for cellular processes, and mitochondria generate ATP through a process called cellular respiration. They have an inner membrane with folds called cristae, which provide a large surface area for ATP production. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell. Therefore, they play a crucial role in energy production and are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.

The cell membrane is responsible for controlling the movement of food, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier, allowing only certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This selective permeability ensures that the cell receives necessary nutrients and eliminates waste products. The other structures listed, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, vacuole, and chloroplast, have different functions within the cell and do not directly control the movement of these substances.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying and packaging materials inside the cell. It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and modifies them by adding sugars or other molecules. It then packages these modified materials into vesicles, which can be transported to different parts of the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the sorting, processing, and distribution of cellular materials.

A typical eukaryotic animal cell does not have a cell wall. While plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, animal cells do not possess this structure. Instead, animal cells are surrounded by a flexible cell membrane that provides support and protection. The cell wall is not necessary for animal cells as they rely on other structures, such as the cytoskeleton, for maintaining their shape and structure.

Ribosomes are the structures found in the cytoplasm that aid in the assembly of proteins from amino acids. They serve as the site of protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes read the genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) and use it to link amino acids together in the correct order to form a protein chain. This process is known as translation. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. They can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis and transport of lipids throughout the cell. It contains enzymes that are involved in lipid metabolism, such as the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol. The smooth ER also plays a role in detoxification and the storage of calcium ions. The Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins, not lipids. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, while the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material. The cell membrane is involved in the regulation of substances entering and exiting the cell, but it does not specifically transport lipids throughout the cell.

Both plant and animal cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and are eukaryotic. This means that both types of cells have a distinct nucleus that is enclosed by a membrane. This is in contrast to prokaryotic cells, which do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Additionally, both plant and animal cells have similar types of organelles inside their cells, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Therefore, options C and D are both correct statements about the similarities between plant and animal cells.

The correct answer is A, B and C only. This means that statements A, B, and C are not part of the cell theory. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life and that all living things are made up of cells. It also states that all cells come from pre-existing cells. However, the cell theory does not state that all cells have a nucleus which holds DNA. Some cells, such as prokaryotic cells, do not have a nucleus. Therefore, statements A, B, and C are not part of the cell theory.