Chapter 7: Medical Terms

Explanation
The term "atonic" refers to a lack of normal tone or tension. In the context of the given options, "levator," "synergetic," and "myology" do not relate to a lack of normal tone or tension. Therefore, the correct answer is "atonic."

Explanation
Bradykinesia refers to the slowness of motion or movement. It is a symptom commonly associated with Parkinson's disease, where individuals experience a significant reduction in their ability to initiate and execute voluntary movements. This slowness can affect various activities, including walking, writing, and even facial expressions. It is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, which are responsible for regulating movement. The term "brady-" in bradykinesia signifies slowness, while "kinesia" refers to motion or movement.

Explanation
Dactylospasm is the correct answer because it refers to a medical term for a cramp in a finger or toe. This term specifically describes the involuntary contraction of the muscles in the digit, causing pain and temporary immobility. Dystrophy refers to a disorder characterized by abnormal tissue development, levator is a muscle that raises a body part, and myoparesis refers to partial paralysis of the muscles.

Explanation
Dystrophy refers to any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often characterized by the degeneration of muscles. This term is commonly used to describe muscular dystrophy, a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration.

Explanation
The term "intramuscular" refers to something that is located or occurring within a muscle. In the context of the given question, it is likely asking for the term that describes an injection that is administered directly into a muscle, which would be an intramuscular injection. The other options provided, triceps, atonic, and myoplasty, do not pertain to within a muscle and are therefore not the correct answer.

Explanation
The term "levator" refers to a muscle that raises or elevates a specific part of the body. This muscle is responsible for lifting or elevating a particular structure, such as a limb or an organ. In the context of myology, which is the study of muscles, the term "levator" is commonly used to describe muscles that have this elevating function. Therefore, "levator" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the muscle that raises or elevates a part.

Explanation
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles of the body. This condition affects the voluntary muscles, causing muscle weakness and fatigue that worsens with activity and improves with rest. It is caused by antibodies attacking the communication between nerves and muscles, leading to muscle weakness and difficulty in controlling movements. Common symptoms include drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and weakness in the arms and legs. Treatment options include medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Explanation
Myology is the study of muscles. It involves the examination of the structure, function, and diseases related to muscles. It encompasses various aspects such as muscle anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics. Myology is a broad field that helps in understanding the movement, coordination, and strength of muscles in the human body. It is essential for diagnosing and treating muscle-related disorders and injuries.

Explanation
Myoperesis refers to weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle. The term "myo" indicates muscle, and "peresis" refers to weakness or paralysis. Therefore, myoperesis accurately describes the condition of weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle. The other options, such as peresis, myotomy, and myoplasty, do not specifically refer to weakness or paralysis of a muscle, making them incorrect choices.

Explanation
Myoplasty refers to the surgical repair of a muscle. It involves reconstructing or restoring the function of a muscle that has been damaged or weakened. This procedure can be performed to improve muscle strength, enhance mobility, or correct any abnormalities or defects in the muscle. It typically involves reattaching the muscle to its original location or using grafts to repair or replace damaged muscle tissue. Myoplasty is a common surgical technique used to address various muscle-related conditions and injuries.

Explanation
A myosarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from muscle tissue. It is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. The prefix "myo-" refers to muscle, and "sarcoma" indicates a malignant tumor. Therefore, myosarcoma is the correct answer as it specifically describes a tumor derived from muscle tissue. Myotomy, myasthenia, and myoplasty do not involve the presence of a tumor, so they are not the correct answers.

Explanation
A myotomy refers to a surgical procedure that involves making an incision inside a muscle. This procedure is typically performed to relieve muscle spasms or to improve muscle function in cases of conditions like dystonia or achalasia. By making an incision in the muscle, the surgeon aims to release tension or remove a portion of the muscle to allow for better movement or function.

Explanation
Polyplegia refers to paralysis affecting many muscles. This condition involves the loss of movement and sensation in multiple muscle groups, leading to a loss of function and control. It can result from various causes such as spinal cord injuries, neurological disorders, or certain medical conditions. The term "polyplegia" combines the prefix "poly-" meaning many, and "-plegia" meaning paralysis. Therefore, polyplegia is the correct answer as it accurately describes the condition of paralysis affecting multiple muscles.

Explanation
Tenodesis refers to the surgical procedure of binding a tendon. This procedure involves anchoring a tendon to a nearby bone to provide stability and support. It is commonly performed to restore function and relieve pain in conditions such as tendon injuries or instability. The other options listed are not directly related to the surgical binding of a tendon.

Explanation
The term "synergetic" refers to a situation where multiple muscles work together in a coordinated manner. This can be seen in various movements and actions where different muscles collaborate to produce a desired outcome. In the context of the given options, "synergetic" is the most suitable term as it accurately describes the concept of muscles working together. The other options do not specifically relate to the coordination of muscles or their collective action.

Explanation
The triceps muscle is the correct answer because it is the only muscle listed that has three heads with a single insertion. The triceps muscle is located at the back of the upper arm and consists of three heads: the long head, lateral head, and medial head. These three heads come together to form a common tendon, which inserts at the olecranon process of the ulna. This allows the triceps muscle to extend the forearm at the elbow joint.