Chapter 6: Medical Terms Skeletal

Myeloma is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. This condition can lead to the formation of tumors in the bone marrow, which can cause pain and other symptoms. Ischialgia refers to pain in the sciatic nerve, while lumbar and costal refer to the lower back and ribs, respectively. Therefore, myeloma is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the given description of a tumor in the bone marrow.

Craniectomy refers to the surgical removal of a portion of the skull. This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on the brain caused by conditions such as swelling or bleeding. By removing a part of the skull, the brain has more space to expand and reduces the risk of further damage. Craniectomy can also be done as a preparatory step for other brain surgeries or to access the brain for diagnostic purposes.

Myelitis or osteomyelitis refers to the inflammation of the bone marrow. This condition can occur due to infection or injury, leading to pain, swelling, and possible damage to the bone. Osteomyelitis specifically refers to the infection of the bone, while myelitis refers to the inflammation of the bone marrow. Both conditions can cause similar symptoms and may require medical intervention for proper treatment.

The term "intercostal" refers to the space between two ribs. It is derived from the Latin word "intercostalis," which means "between the ribs." This term is commonly used in anatomy to describe the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that are located in this specific area. Therefore, "intercostal" is the correct answer because it directly relates to the space between two ribs.

Coccygodynia refers to pain in the coccyx, which is the small bone at the bottom of the spine. It is often caused by trauma or injury to the coccyx, such as a fall or childbirth. The pain can range from mild to severe and can be aggravated by sitting or moving. Treatment options for coccygodynia include pain medication, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery.

The correct answer is "pedal" because it is the only word that pertains to the foot. "Intercostal" refers to the spaces between the ribs, "dactylic" refers to a metrical pattern in poetry, and "costal" refers to the ribs. Only "pedal" directly relates to the foot.

Arthritis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of a joint. Acroarthritis, on the other hand, specifically relates to arthritis affecting the extremities, while osteotome is a surgical instrument used for cutting bone. Lumbar pertains to the lower back region. Therefore, out of all the options, arthritis is the most appropriate term to describe inflammation of a joint.

Ischialgia refers to pain in the hip. Therefore, it is the correct answer to the question. Myeloma, osteopenia, and arthritis are not specifically related to pain in the hip, so they are not the correct answers.

An osteotome is a surgical instrument specifically designed for cutting bone. It is commonly used in orthopedic surgery to remove or shape bone during procedures such as joint replacements or bone grafts. The other options, chondral, intercostal, and dermatome, do not have the same purpose or function as an osteotome when it comes to cutting bone.

Osteopenia refers to a condition where there is a decrease in bone density, making the bones weaker and more prone to fractures. It is considered a precursor to osteoporosis, a more severe form of bone loss. Osteopenia is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, but not to the extent seen in osteoporosis. Therefore, the given correct answer, osteopenia, aligns with the provided statement of "deficiency of bone tissue".

The term "costal" refers to something related to the ribs. In anatomy, the ribs are a series of bones that form the rib cage and protect the organs in the chest. Therefore, "costal" is the correct answer as it specifically pertains to the ribs. "Lumbar" refers to the lower back, "pedal" refers to the foot, and "chondral" refers to cartilage.

The term "xiphoid" refers to the xiphoid process, which is a small, sword-shaped cartilage at the lower end of the sternum (breastbone). The word "xiphoid" is derived from the Greek word "xiphos," meaning sword, and "oid," meaning resembling. Therefore, the term "xiphoid" literally means resembling a sword, describing the shape and appearance of the xiphoid process.

The term "chondral" is used to describe something that is related to or associated with cartilage. It is derived from the word "chondro-", which refers to cartilage. Therefore, "chondral" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the given topic of cartilage.

Calcaneal refers to the heel bone. Osteoarthritis is a condition that affects the joints and causes pain and stiffness. Costal refers to the ribs, and pedal refers to the foot. Out of these options, only calcaneal is related to the heel bone, making it the correct answer.

The term "lumbar" refers to the lower back region of the body, specifically the area between the ribs and the pelvis. It is derived from the Latin word "lumbus," which means loins. The other options, "osteotome" refers to a surgical instrument used to cut bone, "dactylic" refers to a metrical pattern in poetry, and "intercostal" refers to the spaces between the ribs. Only "lumbar" is related to the loins, making it the correct answer.

The word "dactylic" is derived from the Greek word "daktylos" which means finger or toe. Therefore, "dactylic" pertains to the finger or toe.

Osteoarthritis is the correct answer because it is a degenerative joint disease that involves inflammation of the bone joint. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Unlike other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is primarily caused by wear and tear on the joints over time. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. Treatment options for osteoarthritis include pain management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.

Ankylosis is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint. This condition occurs when there is fusion of the bones in a joint, leading to limited or no movement. Arthritis is a more general term for inflammation of the joints, while osteoarthritis specifically refers to degeneration of the joints. Ischialgia, on the other hand, refers to pain in the sciatic nerve.

Acroarthritis refers to inflammation of the joints in the hands or feet. This condition specifically affects the small joints in these areas, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the extremities, and it can be caused by various factors such as autoimmune diseases, infections, or injury. Treatment for acroarthritis usually involves managing symptoms through medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.