Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 19

Explanation
Cardiac failure does not cause an increase in serum amylase. Serum amylase levels are typically elevated in conditions such as pancreatitis, Ca lung (lung cancer), and renal failure. However, cardiac failure does not directly affect the pancreas or the production of amylase, so it does not cause an increase in serum amylase levels.

Explanation
Leucine is purely ketogenic because it can only be converted into ketone bodies and cannot be used for glucose synthesis. This means that leucine is solely metabolized to produce energy through the process of ketogenesis, making it a purely ketogenic amino acid. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are both considered to be both ketogenic and glucogenic, as they can be converted into both ketone bodies and glucose. Proline is primarily glucogenic, meaning it can be converted into glucose but not ketone bodies.

Explanation
von Brunn's nests are benign proliferations of urothelial cells that form small, rounded, and often cystic structures within the urothelium. They are commonly found in normal urothelium and are not associated with any pathological condition. Therefore, the correct answer is normal urothelium.

Explanation
Cardiolipin is a major lipid of the mitochondrial membrane. It is a unique phospholipid that is found exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of mitochondria. Cardiolipin is involved in various mitochondrial processes, including electron transport chain activity, ATP synthesis, and apoptosis regulation. It also interacts with numerous mitochondrial proteins, contributing to their proper localization and function. Therefore, cardiolipin is an essential component of the mitochondrial membrane and is critical for the proper functioning of mitochondria.

Explanation
A full course of immunization against tetanus with 3 doses of tetanus toxoid confers immunity for 10 years. This means that after receiving the full course of immunization, an individual is protected against tetanus for a period of 10 years. After this time, a booster dose is usually recommended to maintain immunity.

Explanation
Adenovirus is a DNA virus because it contains a double-stranded DNA genome. This type of virus replicates its genetic material using host cell machinery and can cause a variety of infections in humans, including respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. Poliovirus, Reovirus, and Hepatitis A virus are all RNA viruses, meaning they have a single-stranded RNA genome.

Explanation
A longitudinal tear is the most common type of medial meniscal tear. This type of tear occurs along the length of the meniscus, usually in a vertical direction. It is commonly caused by degeneration or wear and tear of the meniscus over time. Longitudinal tears can cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion in the knee joint. Treatment for this type of tear may include rest, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery to repair or remove the damaged portion of the meniscus.

Explanation
A hamartoma is a benign tumor that consists of an overgrowth of normal cells and tissues that are normally found in the affected area. In the case of a benign tumor of the lung, a hamartoma would be the most likely explanation. It is important to note that a hamartoma is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body.

Explanation
Methylmalonic acidemia is a metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid in the body. This can result in damage to various organs, including the pancreas. As a result, individuals with methylmalonic acidemia are at an increased risk of developing acute and recurrent pancreatitis. This explains why acute and recurrent pancreatitis is reported to occur in individuals with methylmalonic acidemia.