Chapter 7 - Airway
EMT Chapter 7 - Airway
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The diaphragm and muscles of the chest wall are responsible for the regular rise and fall of the chest that accompany normal breathing.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The diaphragm and muscles of the chest wall play a crucial role in the process of breathing. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the muscles of the chest wall expand, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. This causes the chest to rise. On the other hand, when we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the chest wall muscles contract, causing the chest to fall. This regular rise and fall of the chest is a normal and essential part of the breathing process. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The upper airway consits of the
- A.
Nose
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Mouth
- D.
Trachea
- E.
Pharynx
- F.
Epiglottis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Nose
C. Mouth
E. Pharynx
F. EpiglottisExplanation
The upper airway consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, and epiglottis. These structures are responsible for the initial passage of air into the respiratory system. The nose filters, warms, and moistens the air before it enters the body. The mouth also serves as an entry point for air, especially during breathing through the mouth. The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It acts as a passage for both air and food. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing, preventing food or liquid from entering the airway.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The lower airway consists of the
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Main Bronchi
- C.
Bronchioles
- D.
Throat
- E.
Larynx
- F.
Trachea
- G.
Alveoli
Correct Answer(s)
B. Main Bronchi
C. Bronchioles
E. Larynx
F. Trachea
G. AlveoliExplanation
The lower airway refers to the portion of the respiratory system that is located below the larynx. It includes the main bronchi, bronchioles, larynx, trachea, and alveoli. The main bronchi are the two large branches that extend from the trachea and lead to the lungs. The bronchioles are smaller branches that further divide within the lungs. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is located at the top of the trachea and plays a role in speech production. The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. The alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Alveoli are large sacs where no actual exchange of oxygen or carbon dioxide occurs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Alveoli are small sacs where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The space between the lungs containing the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, and many nerves is known as what?
Correct Answer
MediastiriumExplanation
The correct answer is mediastinum. The mediastinum is the space located between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains important structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, and several nerves.Rate this question:
- 6.
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle beacause its attached to the bones and muscles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle because its attached to the costal arch and vertebraeRate this question:
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- 7.
Air outside the body is normally lower then the air pressure within the thorax.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Air outside the body (atmospheric pressure) normally higher than the air pressure within the thorax.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the average tidal volume for a man?
- A.
300 mL
- B.
250 mL
- C.
500 mL
- D.
600 mL
Correct Answer
C. 500 mLExplanation
The average tidal volume for a man is 500 mL. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, without any extra effort. This volume is typically around 500 mL for an average adult male.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Exhalation does not normally require muscular effort and is a passive process.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, allowing the lungs to passively recoil and push air out. This means that exhalation does not require any muscular effort and is a passive process. Therefore, the statement that exhalation does not normally require muscular effort and is a passive process is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Clearing the airways means what?
- A.
Removing obstructing materials
- B.
Inserting an oral adjunct
- C.
Placing patient in recovery position
- D.
Applying a BVM device
Correct Answer
A. Removing obstructing materialsExplanation
Clearing the airways means removing any materials that may be obstructing the passage of air in the respiratory system. This can include clearing mucus, foreign objects, or any other obstructions that may be preventing proper airflow. By removing these obstructing materials, the airways can be opened up and the patient can breathe more easily.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Maintaing the airway means what?
- A.
Keeping airway open
- B.
Keeping airway clear
- C.
Keeping free of obstructions
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Maintaining the airway refers to the process of ensuring that the airway remains unobstructed and open, allowing for proper breathing. This includes keeping the airway clear of any obstructions, such as mucus or foreign objects, and ensuring that it remains open to allow for the passage of air. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as it encompasses all the actions required to maintain the airway.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The air we breath contains __ % oxygen and __ % nitrogen?
Correct Answer
21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen
21% 78%
21,78Explanation
small amounts of other gases make up the remaining 1%Rate this question:
- 13.
Oxygen passes from blood in the veins through the capillaries to tissue cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Oxygen passes from blood in the arteries through the capillaries to tissue cells.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Carbon dioxide and cell waste pass from tissue cells through capillares and into the arteries.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Carbon dioxide and cell waste pass from tissue cells through capillaries and into the veins.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Anything that destroys Surfactant will cause acute
- A.
Cardiac arrest
- B.
Respiratory distress
- C.
Shallow breathing
- D.
Death
Correct Answer
B. Respiratory distressExplanation
The alveoli produce the chemical SurfactantRate this question:
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- 16.
The air we exhale contains 16% ____ and 3% to 5% ________, the rest is all ______.
Correct Answer
oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogenExplanation
When we exhale, the air contains 16% oxygen, which is slightly lower than the 21% present in the air we inhale. It also contains 3% to 5% carbon dioxide, which is significantly higher than the 0.04% present in the air we inhale. The remaining gases in the exhaled air, which make up the majority, are nitrogen. This is because nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, making up around 78% of the air we breathe. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen, which represents the composition of the air we exhale.Rate this question:
- 17.
The higher the level of carbon dioxide in the blood the stronger the impulse is to breath.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases, it triggers chemoreceptors in the brain to send signals to the respiratory muscles, increasing the impulse to breathe. This is because high levels of carbon dioxide indicate a need for more oxygen in the body. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Hypoxia develops in the vital organs of patients who are not breathing or
- A.
Breathing adequately
- B.
Not talking
- C.
Not breathing adequately
- D.
Unconscious
Correct Answer
C. Not breathing adequatelyExplanation
Hypoxia is a condition where there is a lack of oxygen supply to the body's vital organs. When a person is not breathing adequately, it means that they are not taking in enough oxygen into their lungs, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood. This can result in hypoxia, which can be harmful to the vital organs as they require oxygen to function properly.Rate this question:
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- 19.
All hypoxic patients should be treated with a high flow of what?
Correct Answer
supplemental oxygen
supplemental O2Explanation
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by low oxygen levels in the body. To treat hypoxic patients, it is necessary to provide them with an additional supply of oxygen, known as supplemental oxygen. This can be administered through various methods such as oxygen masks or nasal cannulas. The use of supplemental oxygen helps to increase the oxygen concentration in the patient's blood, improving their oxygenation and overall health.Rate this question:
- 20.
Signs for adequate breathing for adult patients
- A.
Regular pattern of inhaling and exhaling
- B.
Normal rate
- C.
Irregular rhythm
- D.
Regular and equal chest rise and fall
- E.
Use of accessory muscles
- F.
Bilateral clear and equal lung sounds
Correct Answer(s)
A. Regular pattern of inhaling and exhaling
B. Normal rate
D. Regular and equal chest rise and fall
F. Bilateral clear and equal lung soundsExplanation
The signs for adequate breathing for adult patients include a regular pattern of inhaling and exhaling, a normal rate of breathing, a regular and equal chest rise and fall, and bilateral clear and equal lung sounds. These signs indicate that the patient is breathing effectively and receiving enough oxygen. The presence of an irregular rhythm or the use of accessory muscles may suggest respiratory distress or a breathing problem. Therefore, these signs are not considered signs of adequate breathing.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What are signs for inadequate breathing in adult patients
- A.
Irregular rhythm
- B.
Bilateral clear and equal lung sounds
- C.
Shallow depth
- D.
Unequal chest expansion
- E.
Adequate depth
- F.
Skin is pale, cyanotic, cool, and moist
- G.
Rates inbetween 12 to 20 breaths/min
- H.
Use of accessory muscles
Correct Answer(s)
A. Irregular rhythm
C. Shallow depth
D. Unequal chest expansion
F. Skin is pale, cyanotic, cool, and moist
H. Use of accessory musclesExplanation
Signs of inadequate breathing in adult patients include irregular rhythm, shallow depth, unequal chest expansion, pale, cyanotic, cool, and moist skin, and the use of accessory muscles. These signs indicate that the patient is not breathing effectively and may require intervention to improve their breathing.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When to agonal respirations occur?
- A.
Right before the death of the patient.
- B.
When the respiratory center in brain continues to send signals to respiratory muscles even after the heart has stopped.
- C.
Once something becomes logged inside the epiglottis and the patient is unable to move air in or out.
- D.
After the Sellicks maneuver has been preformed and on a conscious patient.
Correct Answer
B. When the respiratory center in brain continues to send signals to respiratory muscles even after the heart has stopped.Explanation
Agonal respirations occur when the respiratory center in the brain continues to send signals to the respiratory muscles even after the heart has stopped. This can happen right before the death of the patient.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In unconscious patients what is the most common airway obstruction?
Correct Answer
the tongue
tongueExplanation
In unconscious patients, the most common airway obstruction is the tongue. When a person loses consciousness, the muscles in their body relax, including the muscles in the tongue. This relaxation can cause the tongue to fall back and block the airway, making it difficult for the patient to breathe. It is important to recognize this obstruction and take appropriate measures, such as tilting the head back or using a jaw thrust maneuver, to open the airway and ensure proper ventilation.Rate this question:
- 24.
Patients with inadequate breathing have inadequate minute volume and need to be treated immediately.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Patients with inadequate breathing have inadequate minute volume, which refers to the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled in one minute. When the minute volume is inadequate, it means that the patient is not getting enough oxygen and is not effectively removing carbon dioxide from their body. This can lead to serious health complications and can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial to treat patients with inadequate breathing immediately to ensure that they receive the necessary support and intervention to improve their breathing and maintain proper oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The head tilt chin lift is for patients who have sustained trama.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The head tilt chin lift is for patients who have NOT sustained trama.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The jaw-thrust maneuver is for patients who have cervical spine injuries.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The jaw-thrust maneuver is a technique used to open the airway in patients who have potential or confirmed cervical spine injuries. This maneuver is preferred over the head-tilt/chin-lift technique because it minimizes movement of the neck and reduces the risk of further injury to the cervical spine. By displacing the jaw forward without flexing the neck, the airway can be opened and maintained while ensuring the stability of the cervical spine. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
To assess breathing your should use the ____, _____, and _____ techinque that should take no longer then 5 to 10 seconds.
Correct Answer
look, listen, feel
listen, look, feel
feel, look, listen
look, feel, listen
listen, feel, look
feel, listen, lookExplanation
The correct answer is "look, listen, feel". When assessing breathing, it is important to first look at the person's chest and abdomen for any visible signs of movement. Then, listen for any sounds of breathing, such as wheezing or gasping. Finally, feel for any airflow or movement of breath on your cheek or hand. This technique should be done quickly, within 5 to 10 seconds, to assess the person's breathing effectively.Rate this question:
- 28.
The primary function of the airway adjuct is to prevent obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue and allow the passage of air and oxygen to the lungs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The primary function of an airway adjunct is to prevent obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue and allow the passage of air and oxygen to the lungs. This statement is true because airway adjuncts such as oropharyngeal airways and nasopharyngeal airways are designed to keep the tongue from blocking the airway and maintain an open pathway for air to flow into the lungs. These devices are commonly used in emergency medical situations to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The oropharyngeal airway is ment to keep the ____ from blocking the upper airway, and make suctioning of the _____ easier.
Correct Answer
tongue, oropharynx
tongue oropharynx
tongue, oropharynix
tongue oropharynix
tongue, oropharinix
tongue oropharinixExplanation
The oropharyngeal airway is designed to prevent the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate the suctioning of the oropharynx.Rate this question:
- 30.
Indications for the oropharyngeal airway include
- A.
With gag reflux
- B.
Unconscious patients
- C.
Without gag reflux
- D.
Conscious patients
- E.
Any apneic patient being ventilated with BMV
- F.
Any apneic patient being ventilated with nasal cannula
Correct Answer(s)
B. Unconscious patients
C. Without gag reflux
E. Any apneic patient being ventilated with BMVExplanation
The oropharyngeal airway is indicated for unconscious patients because they are unable to maintain their own airway. It is also indicated for patients without gag reflex because they will not have a protective reflex to prevent the airway from becoming blocked. Additionally, the oropharyngeal airway is indicated for any apneic patient being ventilated with BMV (bag-mask ventilation) because it helps to maintain an open airway and facilitate effective ventilation.Rate this question:
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- 31.
If the oropharyngeal airway is to large what could happen?
- 32.
If the oropharyngeal airway it to small what could happen?
- 33.
The nasopharyngeal airway is used with a patient who has
- A.
Gag reflex
- B.
Able to maintain the airways but gasping
- C.
Unable to maintain the airway
- D.
No gag reflex
- E.
Severe head injuries
- F.
No head injuries
- G.
Unconscious patients
- H.
Conscious patients
Correct Answer(s)
A. Gag reflex
C. Unable to maintain the airway
F. No head injuries
G. Unconscious patients
H. Conscious patientsExplanation
The nasopharyngeal airway is used with a patient who has a gag reflex, is unable to maintain the airway, has no head injuries, and is either unconscious or conscious. This means that the nasopharyngeal airway is suitable for patients who are at risk of airway obstruction due to their inability to maintain their own airway and have no head injuries. It can be used both for unconscious patients who cannot protect their airway and for conscious patients who may have a compromised gag reflex.Rate this question:
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- 34.
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway the curvature of the device should follow the of the ____ of the nose, and the bevel should face the _____.
- A.
Floor, septum
- B.
Curve, mouth
- C.
Septum, floor
- D.
Throat, brain
Correct Answer
A. Floor, septumExplanation
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, the curvature of the device should follow the floor of the nose, and the bevel should face the septum.Rate this question:
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- 35.
If you hear gurgling that means the patient is okay and able to spit up any fluids, so no suctioning is required.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
If you hear gurgling, the patient NEEDS suctioning.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Fixed suctioning unit should generate a vaccum of more than ______ when the tubing is clamped.
- A.
250 cm Hg
- B.
500 mm Hg
- C.
400 cm Hg
- D.
300 mm Hg
- E.
550 cm Hg
Correct Answer
D. 300 mm HgExplanation
A fixed suctioning unit should generate a vacuum of more than 300 mm Hg when the tubing is clamped. This level of vacuum is necessary to effectively suction fluids or secretions from a patient's airway or surgical site. A higher vacuum level ensures efficient removal of substances, providing better patient care and preventing complications.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The best kind of catheter for suctioning the oropharynx in infants, children, and adults is
- A.
French
- B.
Tonsil tip
- C.
Whistle-tip
Correct Answer
B. Tonsil tipExplanation
The tonsil tip catheter is the best choice for suctioning the oropharynx in infants, children, and adults. This type of catheter is specifically designed to reach the tonsil area and effectively remove secretions or blockages from the oropharynx. The shape of the tonsil tip allows for better maneuverability and ensures a more efficient suctioning process.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Soft plastic, nonrigid catheters (French / whistle-tip catheters) are used to suction liquid secretions from where?
- A.
Mouth
- B.
Nose
- C.
Throat
- D.
Head
- E.
Chest
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mouth
B. NoseExplanation
Soft plastic, nonrigid catheters, specifically French or whistle-tip catheters, are used to suction liquid secretions from the mouth and nose. These catheters are designed to be gentle and flexible, making them suitable for use in these delicate areas. Suctioning secretions from the mouth and nose helps to clear airways, improve breathing, and prevent aspiration of fluids into the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Never suction the mouth or nose for longer than ____ seconds for adults ____ seconds for children ____ seconds for infants
Correct Answer(s)
15, 10, 5
15 10 5
adults 15, children 10, infants 5Explanation
The correct answer is 15, 10, 5. The time limits for suctioning the mouth or nose are 15 seconds for adults, 10 seconds for children, and 5 seconds for infants.Rate this question:
- 40.
Suctioning removes not only obstuctions but what other major thing that the patient needs?
Correct Answer(s)
oxygen
O2
o2Explanation
Suctioning removes not only obstructions but also oxygen, which is a major thing that the patient needs. Suctioning involves the use of a suction catheter to remove secretions or other substances that may be blocking the airway. However, during the suctioning process, there is a risk of removing oxygen along with the obstructions. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the patient's oxygen levels and provide supplemental oxygen if necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation during and after suctioning.Rate this question:
- 41.
Removal of oxygen can result in a contition called Monoxia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
HypoxiaRate this question:
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- 42.
Humidified oxygen is usually used for all oxygen therapies.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Humidified oxygen is usually used for long-term oxygen therapies.Rate this question:
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- 43.
What two types of flow meters are commonly used?
- A.
Drag flowmeter
- B.
Alfa flowmeter
- C.
Pressure-compensated
- D.
Boundongauge flowmeter
Correct Answer(s)
C. Pressure-compensated
D. Boundongauge flowmeterExplanation
Pressure-compensated and Boundingauge flowmeters are commonly used types of flow meters. Pressure-compensated flow meters are designed to measure the flow rate of a fluid by compensating for changes in pressure, ensuring accurate readings. Boundingauge flowmeters, on the other hand, use a gauge to measure the flow rate by detecting the displacement of a bounding element. Both types of flow meters are widely used in various industries for measuring fluid flow.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The air you exhale in mouth-to-mouth contains only ___% oxygen
- A.
23
- B.
16
- C.
12
- D.
45
- E.
25
Correct Answer
B. 16Explanation
When we exhale, the air we breathe out contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide compared to the air we inhale. The percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air is reduced to around 16%, while the remaining percentage is made up of other gases like nitrogen and trace amounts of other gases.Rate this question:
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- 45.
You shouldn't use an oral or nasal airway adjuct in conjunction with a BVM device.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
You should use an oral or nasal airway adjunct in conjunction with a BVM device.Rate this question:
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- 46.
BVM device provides less tidal volume than mouth-to-mouth ventilation, but it delivers a much higher oxygen concentration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the BVM device, also known as a bag valve mask, is a manual resuscitator used to provide artificial ventilation to a person who is not breathing or is breathing inadequately. While it may deliver less tidal volume (the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during each breath) compared to mouth-to-mouth ventilation, it compensates by delivering a much higher concentration of oxygen. This is because the BVM device is connected to an oxygen source, allowing for a higher concentration of oxygen to be delivered to the patient.Rate this question:
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- 47.
BVM device is used on patients who are
- A.
Not ventilating adequately
- B.
In respiratory arrest
- C.
In cardiopulmonary arrest
- D.
In respiratory failure
Correct Answer(s)
A. Not ventilating adequately
B. In respiratory arrest
C. In cardiopulmonary arrest
D. In respiratory failureExplanation
The BVM device is used on patients who are not ventilating adequately, in respiratory arrest, in cardiopulmonary arrest, and in respiratory failure. This device is designed to provide manual ventilation to patients who are unable to breathe on their own or are experiencing a life-threatening situation where their breathing has stopped or is severely compromised.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Vomume capabilities of the BVM Device are ____ to ____ mL for Adults ____ to 700 mL for Children ____ to ____ mL for Infants
Correct Answer(s)
1200 to 1600, 500 to 700, 150 to 240
1200, 1600, 500, 150, 240
1200 1600 500 150 240Explanation
The correct answer is "1200 to 1600, 500 to 700, 150 to 240". This answer provides the volume capabilities of the BVM (Bag Valve Mask) device for different age groups. For adults, the volume range is 1200 to 1600 mL. For children, the range is 500 to 700 mL. And for infants, the range is 150 to 240 mL.Rate this question:
- 49.
Breaths delivered too forcefully or too fast can result in two negative effects
- A.
Sever coughing
- B.
Gastric distension
- C.
Vomiting
- D.
Increased intrathoracic pressure
Correct Answer(s)
B. Gastric distension
C. Vomiting
D. Increased intrathoracic pressureExplanation
Breaths delivered too forcefully or too fast can lead to gastric distension, vomiting, and increased intrathoracic pressure. Gastric distension occurs when excessive air enters the stomach, causing discomfort and potentially leading to vomiting. Vomiting is a natural response to the body's attempt to expel excessive air or pressure in the stomach. Increased intrathoracic pressure refers to an increase in pressure within the chest cavity, which can negatively affect the functioning of the heart and lungs. These negative effects highlight the importance of delivering breaths at an appropriate force and rate to prevent complications.Rate this question:
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- 50.
To alleviate gastric distention
- A.
Ensure patients airway is appropriately positioned
- B.
Ensure patient is in the recovery position
- C.
Place hands below the stomach and force air up and out
- D.
Ventilate patient at appropriate rate
- E.
Ventilate patient with appropriate volume
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ensure patients airway is appropriately positioned
D. Ventilate patient at appropriate rate
E. Ventilate patient with appropriate volumeExplanation
The correct answer is to ensure the patient's airway is appropriately positioned, ventilate the patient at an appropriate rate, and ventilate the patient with an appropriate volume. These actions are necessary to alleviate gastric distention, which occurs when air enters the stomach during ventilation. Ensuring the airway is properly positioned helps to prevent air from entering the stomach. Ventilating the patient at an appropriate rate and volume helps to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation without overinflating the lungs and causing air to enter the stomach.Rate this question:
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