2.
The jaw-thrust maneuver is for patients who have cervical spine injuries.
Explanation
The jaw-thrust maneuver is a technique used to open the airway in patients who have potential or confirmed cervical spine injuries. This maneuver is preferred over the head-tilt/chin-lift technique because it minimizes movement of the neck and reduces the risk of further injury to the cervical spine. By displacing the jaw forward without flexing the neck, the airway can be opened and maintained while ensuring the stability of the cervical spine. Therefore, the statement is true.
3.
The primary function of the airway adjuct is to prevent obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue and allow the passage of air and oxygen to the lungs.
Explanation
The primary function of an airway adjunct is to prevent obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue and allow the passage of air and oxygen to the lungs. This statement is true because airway adjuncts such as oropharyngeal airways and nasopharyngeal airways are designed to keep the tongue from blocking the airway and maintain an open pathway for air to flow into the lungs. These devices are commonly used in emergency medical situations to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
4.
If you hear gurgling that means the patient is okay and able to spit up any fluids, so no suctioning is required.
Explanation
If you hear gurgling, the patient NEEDS suctioning.
5.
Maintaing the airway means what?
Correct Answer
A. All of the above
Explanation
Maintaining the airway refers to the process of ensuring that the airway remains unobstructed and open, allowing for proper breathing. This includes keeping the airway clear of any obstructions, such as mucus or foreign objects, and ensuring that it remains open to allow for the passage of air. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as it encompasses all the actions required to maintain the airway.
6.
Gastric distention can cause vomiting and increase risk of aspiration during CPR.
Explanation
Gastric distention refers to the abnormal accumulation of air or fluid in the stomach. During CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), the chest compressions can cause the stomach to inflate, leading to gastric distention. This can be problematic as the inflated stomach can put pressure on the diaphragm, making it difficult for the person to breathe properly. Additionally, if the person vomits during CPR, there is a higher risk of the vomit being aspirated into the lungs, which can lead to further complications. Therefore, gastric distention can indeed cause vomiting and increase the risk of aspiration during CPR.
7.
Gastric distention can significantly reduce lung volume by elevating the diaphragm especially in children and infants.
Explanation
Gastric distention refers to the condition where the stomach becomes excessively filled with air or gas. When this happens, it can cause the diaphragm, which is the muscle responsible for breathing, to be pushed upward. This elevation of the diaphragm can lead to a reduction in lung volume, particularly in children and infants. Therefore, it is true that gastric distention can significantly reduce lung volume by elevating the diaphragm.
8.
Clearing the airways means what?
Correct Answer
A. Removing obstructing materials
Explanation
Clearing the airways means removing any materials that may be obstructing the passage of air in the respiratory system. This can include clearing mucus, foreign objects, or any other obstructions that may be preventing proper airflow. By removing these obstructing materials, the airways can be opened up and the patient can breathe more easily.
9.
The head tilt chin lift is for patients who have sustained trama.
Explanation
The head tilt chin lift is for patients who have NOT sustained trama.
10.
If a tracheostomy tube is present in a stoma patient then ventilate throught the tube with a BVM device.
Explanation
If a tracheostomy tube is present in a stoma patient, it means that there is an opening in the neck leading directly to the trachea. Ventilating through the tracheostomy tube with a BVM (bag-valve-mask) device allows for the delivery of oxygen directly to the patient's lungs. This method ensures that the airway is bypassed and that oxygen is reaching the lungs effectively. Therefore, the statement is true.
11.
What are signs for inadequate breathing in adult patients
Correct Answer(s)
A. Irregular rhythm
A. Shallow depth
A. Unequal chest expansion
A. Skin is pale, cyanotic, cool, and moist
A. Use of accessory muscles
Explanation
Signs of inadequate breathing in adult patients include irregular rhythm, shallow depth, unequal chest expansion, pale, cyanotic, cool, and moist skin, and the use of accessory muscles. These signs indicate that the patient is not breathing effectively and may require intervention to improve their breathing.
12.
Patients with inadequate breathing have inadequate minute volume and need to be treated immediately.
Explanation
Patients with inadequate breathing have inadequate minute volume, which refers to the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled in one minute. When the minute volume is inadequate, it means that the patient is not getting enough oxygen and is not effectively removing carbon dioxide from their body. This can lead to serious health complications and can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial to treat patients with inadequate breathing immediately to ensure that they receive the necessary support and intervention to improve their breathing and maintain proper oxygenation.
13.
Alveoli are large sacs where no actual exchange of oxygen or carbon dioxide occurs.
Explanation
Alveoli are small sacs where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
14.
The higher the level of carbon dioxide in the blood the stronger the impulse is to breath.
Explanation
When the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases, it triggers chemoreceptors in the brain to send signals to the respiratory muscles, increasing the impulse to breathe. This is because high levels of carbon dioxide indicate a need for more oxygen in the body. Therefore, the statement is true.
15.
Signs for adequate breathing for adult patients
Correct Answer(s)
A. Regular pattern of inhaling and exhaling
A. Normal rate
A. Regular and equal chest rise and fall
A. Bilateral clear and equal lung sounds
Explanation
The signs for adequate breathing for adult patients include a regular pattern of inhaling and exhaling, a normal rate of breathing, a regular and equal chest rise and fall, and bilateral clear and equal lung sounds. These signs indicate that the patient is breathing effectively and receiving enough oxygen. The presence of an irregular rhythm or the use of accessory muscles may suggest respiratory distress or a breathing problem. Therefore, these signs are not considered signs of adequate breathing.
16.
Humidified oxygen is usually used for all oxygen therapies.
Explanation
Humidified oxygen is usually used for long-term oxygen therapies.
17.
Sellick maneuver or Cricoid pressure should only be preformed on unconscious patients.
Explanation
The Sellick maneuver or Cricoid pressure is a technique used during intubation to prevent aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs. It involves applying pressure on the cricoid cartilage to occlude the esophagus. This maneuver should only be performed on unconscious patients because conscious patients may experience discomfort or difficulty in swallowing. Additionally, conscious patients can actively resist the pressure, making the maneuver ineffective. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the patient is unconscious before performing the Sellick maneuver.
18.
Exhalation does not normally require muscular effort and is a passive process.
Explanation
Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, allowing the lungs to passively recoil and push air out. This means that exhalation does not require any muscular effort and is a passive process. Therefore, the statement that exhalation does not normally require muscular effort and is a passive process is true.
19.
In unconscious patients what is the most common airway obstruction?
Correct Answer
the tongue
tongue
Explanation
In unconscious patients, the most common airway obstruction is the tongue. When a person loses consciousness, the muscles in their body relax, including the muscles in the tongue. This relaxation can cause the tongue to fall back and block the airway, making it difficult for the patient to breathe. It is important to recognize this obstruction and take appropriate measures, such as tilting the head back or using a jaw thrust maneuver, to open the airway and ensure proper ventilation.
20.
The air you exhale in mouth-to-mouth contains only ___% oxygen
Explanation
When we exhale, the air we breathe out contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide compared to the air we inhale. The percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air is reduced to around 16%, while the remaining percentage is made up of other gases like nitrogen and trace amounts of other gases.
21.
You shouldn't use an oral or nasal airway adjuct in conjunction with a BVM device.
Explanation
You should use an oral or nasal airway adjunct in conjunction with a BVM device.
22.
Flow-restricted oxygen powered devices should be used on infants, children, and on patients with COPD but not on patients with suspected cervical spine or chest injuries.
Explanation
Flow-restricted oxygen powered devices should NOT be used on infants and children, or on patients with COPD or suspected cervical spine or chest injuries.
23.
Which manuever is required for ventilating a patient with a stoma?
Correct Answer
A. None of these
Explanation
A stoma is an opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure
(EX: a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin.)
24.
The Heimlich maneuver is preformed on ______ adult or children patients.
Correct Answer
A. Conscious
Explanation
The Heimlich maneuver is performed on conscious adult or children patients. This means that the maneuver is intended for individuals who are awake and aware. The purpose of the maneuver is to help dislodge an object that is blocking the airway and causing choking. Performing the maneuver on unconscious or dead individuals would not be effective or appropriate, as they may require different forms of medical intervention. Similarly, cardiac arrest refers to a condition where the heart has stopped beating, and in such cases, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is typically required instead of the Heimlich maneuver.
25.
Poor lung compliance is the inability of the alveoli to expand fully during inhalation.
Explanation
Poor lung compliance refers to the decreased ability of the lungs to expand fully during inhalation. This can be caused by various factors such as lung diseases, inflammation, or scarring of the lung tissue. When lung compliance is poor, the alveoli, which are responsible for gas exchange, cannot fully expand, leading to reduced lung function and difficulty in breathing. Therefore, the statement "Poor lung compliance is the inability of the alveoli to expand fully during inhalation" is true.
26.
Suctioning removes not only obstuctions but what other major thing that the patient needs?
Correct Answer
oxygen
O2
o2
Explanation
Suctioning removes not only obstructions but also oxygen, which is a major thing that the patient needs. Suctioning involves the use of a suction catheter to remove secretions or other substances that may be blocking the airway. However, during the suctioning process, there is a risk of removing oxygen along with the obstructions. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the patient's oxygen levels and provide supplemental oxygen if necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation during and after suctioning.
27.
Removal of oxygen can result in a contition called Monoxia.
28.
Anything that destroys Surfactant will cause acute
Correct Answer
A. Respiratory distress
Explanation
The alveoli produce the chemical Surfactant
29.
BVM device provides less tidal volume than mouth-to-mouth ventilation, but it delivers a much higher oxygen concentration.
Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the BVM device, also known as a bag valve mask, is a manual resuscitator used to provide artificial ventilation to a person who is not breathing or is breathing inadequately. While it may deliver less tidal volume (the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during each breath) compared to mouth-to-mouth ventilation, it compensates by delivering a much higher concentration of oxygen. This is because the BVM device is connected to an oxygen source, allowing for a higher concentration of oxygen to be delivered to the patient.
30.
Indications that artifical ventilations are inadequate are
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ventilation delivered too fast or to slow
A. Heart rate does not return to normal range
A. Minimal or no chest rise and fall
Explanation
The indications that artificial ventilations are inadequate include ventilation delivered too fast or too slow, heart rate not returning to normal range, and minimal or no chest rise and fall. These signs suggest that the ventilation is not effectively providing enough oxygen to the patient's lungs, resulting in inadequate ventilation.
31.
Hypoxia develops in the vital organs of patients who are not breathing or
Correct Answer
A. Not breathing adequately
Explanation
Hypoxia is a condition where there is a lack of oxygen supply to the body's vital organs. When a person is not breathing adequately, it means that they are not taking in enough oxygen into their lungs, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood. This can result in hypoxia, which can be harmful to the vital organs as they require oxygen to function properly.
32.
Do not preform blind ________ in any patient - this may force an obstructing object farther down into the airway.
Correct Answer
finger sweep
finger sweeps
Explanation
Performing blind finger sweeps in any patient may force an obstructing object farther down into the airway. This means that using the fingers to blindly sweep the airway of a patient can potentially push the obstruction deeper into the airway, making the situation worse. It is important to avoid this technique to prevent further complications and to ensure the safety of the patient.
33.
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle beacause its attached to the bones and muscles.
Explanation
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle because its attached to the costal arch and vertebrae
34.
Injuries to the _____ can result in severe tissue swelling and bleeding into the airway.
Correct Answer
Face
Head
Explanation
Injuries to the face and head can result in severe tissue swelling and bleeding into the airway. The face and head are highly vascular areas, meaning they have a rich blood supply. When injured, blood vessels can rupture, leading to bleeding. Additionally, the inflammation and swelling that occur after an injury can further obstruct the airway, making it difficult for the person to breathe. Therefore, injuries to the face and head can be particularly dangerous and require immediate medical attention.
35.
Carbon dioxide and cell waste pass from tissue cells through capillares and into the arteries.
Explanation
Carbon dioxide and cell waste pass from tissue cells through capillaries and into the veins.
36.
The air we breath contains __ % oxygen and __ % nitrogen?
Correct Answer
21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen
21% 78%
21,78
Explanation
small amounts of other gases make up the remaining 1%
37.
What is the average tidal volume for a man?
Explanation
The average tidal volume for a man is 500 mL. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, without any extra effort. This volume is typically around 500 mL for an average adult male.
38.
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway the curvature of the device should follow the of the ____ of the nose, and the bevel should face the _____.
Correct Answer
A. Floor, septum
Explanation
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, the curvature of the device should follow the floor of the nose, and the bevel should face the septum.
39.
Air outside the body is normally lower then the air pressure within the thorax.
Explanation
Air outside the body (atmospheric pressure) normally higher than the air pressure within the thorax.
40.
Never suction the mouth or nose for longer than
____ seconds for adults
____ seconds for children
____ seconds for infants
Correct Answer
15, 10, 5
15 10 5
adults 15, children 10, infants 5
Explanation
The correct answer is 15, 10, 5. The time limits for suctioning the mouth or nose are 15 seconds for adults, 10 seconds for children, and 5 seconds for infants.
41.
To prevent gastric distention you should give ____ and _____ breaths over 1 second when ventilating adults, children, and infants.
Correct Answer
A. Slow, gental
Explanation
To prevent gastric distention, it is important to give slow and gentle breaths over 1 second when ventilating adults, children, and infants. This helps to avoid excessive air entering the stomach and causing distention, which can lead to discomfort and complications. Slow and gentle breaths allow for proper ventilation without causing unnecessary pressure in the digestive system.
42.
Fixed suctioning unit should generate a vaccum of more than ______ when the tubing is clamped.
Correct Answer
A. 300 mm Hg
Explanation
A fixed suctioning unit should generate a vacuum of more than 300 mm Hg when the tubing is clamped. This level of vacuum is necessary to effectively suction fluids or secretions from a patient's airway or surgical site. A higher vacuum level ensures efficient removal of substances, providing better patient care and preventing complications.
43.
If a patient has a stoma and no tube in place then use a _____ with your BVM device to make a seal over the stoma.
Correct Answer
A. Child/infant mask
Explanation
When a patient has a stoma and no tube in place, using a child/infant mask with the BVM device is recommended. This is because the size of the child/infant mask is smaller and more appropriate for creating a seal over the stoma, ensuring effective ventilation. Using an adult mask or a mask that fits the patient may not provide a proper seal and may lead to inadequate ventilation. Connecting the BVM directly to the stoma and ventilating may not be practical or feasible in this situation.
44.
When to agonal respirations occur?
Correct Answer
A. When the respiratory center in brain continues to send signals to respiratory muscles even after the heart has stopped.
Explanation
Agonal respirations occur when the respiratory center in the brain continues to send signals to the respiratory muscles even after the heart has stopped. This can happen right before the death of the patient.
45.
Indications for the oropharyngeal airway include
Correct Answer(s)
A. Unconscious patients
A. Without gag reflux
A. Any apneic patient being ventilated with BMV
Explanation
The oropharyngeal airway is indicated for unconscious patients because they are unable to maintain their own airway. It is also indicated for patients without gag reflex because they will not have a protective reflex to prevent the airway from becoming blocked. Additionally, the oropharyngeal airway is indicated for any apneic patient being ventilated with BMV (bag-mask ventilation) because it helps to maintain an open airway and facilitate effective ventilation.
46.
Oxygen passes from blood in the veins through the capillaries to tissue cells.
Explanation
Oxygen passes from blood in the arteries through the capillaries to tissue cells.
47.
To alleviate gastric distention
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ensure patients airway is appropriately positioned
A. Ventilate patient at appropriate rate
A. Ventilate patient with appropriate volume
Explanation
The correct answer is to ensure the patient's airway is appropriately positioned, ventilate the patient at an appropriate rate, and ventilate the patient with an appropriate volume. These actions are necessary to alleviate gastric distention, which occurs when air enters the stomach during ventilation. Ensuring the airway is properly positioned helps to prevent air from entering the stomach. Ventilating the patient at an appropriate rate and volume helps to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation without overinflating the lungs and causing air to enter the stomach.
48.
The air we exhale contains 16% ____ and 3% to 5% ________, the rest is all ______.
Correct Answer(s)
oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
Explanation
When we exhale, the air contains 16% oxygen, which is slightly lower than the 21% present in the air we inhale. It also contains 3% to 5% carbon dioxide, which is significantly higher than the 0.04% present in the air we inhale. The remaining gases in the exhaled air, which make up the majority, are nitrogen. This is because nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, making up around 78% of the air we breathe. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen, which represents the composition of the air we exhale.
49.
BVM device is used on patients who are
Correct Answer(s)
A. Not ventilating adequately
A. In respiratory arrest
A. In cardiopulmonary arrest
A. In respiratory failure
Explanation
The BVM device is used on patients who are not ventilating adequately, in respiratory arrest, in cardiopulmonary arrest, and in respiratory failure. This device is designed to provide manual ventilation to patients who are unable to breathe on their own or are experiencing a life-threatening situation where their breathing has stopped or is severely compromised.