Airway Management Part 2 (Powerpoint) - 30 Mins - EMT-p

Explanation
When dealing with the airway, it is important to be prepared for various potential reactions from the patient. Coughing is a common response as the body tries to clear the airway of any obstructions. Spitting may occur if the patient has excess saliva or mucus in their mouth. Vomiting can happen if the patient is experiencing nausea or has swallowed something that irritates their stomach. Biting is also a possibility, especially if the patient is in distress or disoriented. Being aware of these potential reactions allows healthcare providers to take appropriate measures to ensure the patient's safety and prevent any further complications.

Explanation
The correct answer is gloves, face, eye shields, and a respirator if there is concern for airborne disease. When practicing body substance isolation, it is important to protect oneself from potential exposure to bodily fluids and airborne pathogens. Gloves provide a barrier between the hands and any potentially infectious materials. Face and eye shields protect the mucous membranes of the face from splashes or sprays of bodily fluids. A respirator is necessary if there is a risk of inhaling airborne particles that may contain infectious agents. The use of EKG is not relevant to body substance isolation.

Explanation
The statement "All the above" is the correct answer because orogastric tubes are indeed usually used in unresponsive patients, a larger tube may be used, and it is safe to use in facial trauma.

Explanation
Endotracheal intubation offers several advantages. Firstly, it secures the airway, ensuring that it remains open and unobstructed. This is crucial in cases where there is a risk of airway collapse or blockage. Secondly, it provides a route for administering certain medications, known as LANE (Lidocaine, Atropine, Naloxone, Epinephrine), directly into the trachea. This allows for rapid and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, endotracheal intubation optimizes ventilation and oxygenation by providing a direct pathway for the delivery of oxygen to the lungs. Lastly, it enables the healthcare provider to suction the lower airway, effectively removing secretions and maintaining airway patency.

Explanation
The indications for endotracheal intubation include present or impending respiratory failure, apnea, and the inability to protect one's own airway. These conditions require immediate intervention to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Endotracheal intubation provides a secure airway and allows for mechanical ventilation if necessary.

Explanation
Endotracheal intubation is a procedure where a tube is inserted into the trachea to establish an airway. Complications of this procedure include soft tissue trauma or bleeding, which can occur due to the insertion of the tube. Laryngospasm is another complication where the vocal cords spasm and close off the airway, leading to difficulty in breathing. Aspiration is the inhalation of foreign material into the lungs, which can happen during the intubation process. Vocal cord injury can occur due to the trauma caused by the tube, and esophageal intubation is a complication where the tube is mistakenly inserted into the esophagus instead of the trachea.

Explanation
The correct answer includes multiple insertion techniques for endotracheal intubation. Orotracheal Intubation (Direct Laryngoscopy) is a technique where the endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth and into the trachea using a laryngoscope to visualize the vocal cords. Blind Nasotracheal Intubation involves blindly inserting the endotracheal tube through the nostril and into the trachea. Digital Intubation is a technique where the endotracheal tube is inserted using the fingers to guide it into the trachea. Retrograde Intubation involves inserting a guide wire into the trachea through a needle puncture in the neck, and then threading the endotracheal tube over the guide wire. Transillumination is a technique where a light source is used to visualize the trachea and guide the insertion of the endotracheal tube.

Explanation
Possible airway obstructions can include tumors, abscesses, epiglottitis, hematomas, trauma, and foreign bodies. These obstructions can block the airway and prevent air from flowing freely into the lungs, potentially leading to respiratory distress or even respiratory failure. Tumors and abscesses can physically obstruct the airway, while epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis that can cause swelling and blockage. Hematomas, trauma, and foreign bodies can also physically obstruct the airway, making it difficult for a person to breathe properly.

Explanation
Sedation is used for intubation to achieve multiple goals. Firstly, it helps to reduce anxiety in the patient, making the procedure less stressful and more comfortable. Secondly, sedation helps to induce amnesia, ensuring that the patient does not remember the intubation process afterwards. Additionally, sedation can depress the gag reflex, making it easier to insert the endotracheal tube without triggering a gag reflex. Lastly, sedation can also depress spontaneous breathing, allowing for better control of the patient's breathing during intubation.