Chapter 5 - Doppler Principles
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- 1.Which of the following are parts of the circulatory system?
- A.
Heart
- B.
Cerebral Ventricle
- C.
Artery
- D.
Arteriole
- E.
Capillary
- F.
Bile Duct
- G.
Venule
- H.
Vein
- 2.The _____ are the tiniest vessles in the circulatory system?
- A.
Vein
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Arteries
- 3.In which of the following can Doppler ultrasound detect flow?
- A.
Heart
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Arterioles
- D.
Capillaries
- E.
Venules
- F.
Veins
- 4.To flow is to move in a ______.
- A.
Direction
- B.
Pattern
- C.
Stream
- 5.The characteristic of a fluid that offers resistance to flow is called?
- A.
Resistance
- B.
Viscosity
- C.
Inertia
- D.
Impedance
- E.
Density
- 6.Poise is a unit of
- A.
Visocity
- B.
Friction
- C.
Inertia
- 7.Pressure is ______ per unit area.
- A.
Force
- B.
Fricition
- C.
Liquid
- 8.If the pressure is greater at one end of the liquid-filled tube or vessle than it is at the other, the liquid will flow from the _____ pressure and to the _____ pressure end.
- A.
Higher, lower
- B.
Lower, higher
- C.
Depends on the liquid
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 9.Flow increases if _____ increase(s).
- A.
Pressure difference
- B.
Pressure gradient
- C.
Resistance
- D.
A and B
- E.
All of the above
- 10.As flow resistance increases, volumetic flow rate will
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- C.
Stay the same
- 11.If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
- A.
Unchanged
- B.
Quartered
- C.
Halved
- D.
Doubled
- E.
Quadrupled
- 12.If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
- A.
Unchanged
- B.
Quartered
- C.
Halved
- D.
Doubled
- E.
Quadrupled
- 13.Flow resistance in a vessel depends on _______.
- A.
Vessel length
- B.
Vessel radius
- C.
Blood viscosity
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 14.Flow resistance decreases with an increase in ______.
- A.
Svessel length
- B.
Vessel radius
- C.
Blood viscosity
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 15.Flow resistance depends most strongly on ____.
- A.
Vessel length
- B.
Vessel radius
- C.
Blood viscosity
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 16.Volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in ____.
- A.
Pressure difference
- B.
Vessel radius
- C.
Vessel length
- D.
Blood viscosity
- E.
C and d
- 17.When the speed of a fluid is constant across a vessel, the flow is called _____ flow.
- A.
Volume
- B.
Parabolic
- C.
Laminar
- D.
Viscous
- E.
Plug
- 18.__________ flow occurs wen straight parallel streamlines describing the flow are altered.
- A.
Disturbed
- B.
Turbulent
- C.
Plug
- D.
Viscous
- 19._____________ flow involves random and chaotic flow patterns, with particles flowing in all directions.
- A.
Disturbed
- B.
Turbulent
- C.
Plug
- D.
Viscous
- 20.Turbulent flow is more likely proximal or distal to a stenosis
- A.
Proximal
- B.
Distal
- 21.A narrowing of the lumen of a tube is called a _________.
- A.
Stenosis
- B.
Pulsatile
- C.
Disturbed
- 22.Proximal to , at, and distal to a stenosis ________, must be constant.
- A.
Laminar flow
- B.
Disturbed flow
- C.
Turbulent flow
- D.
Volumetic flow rate
- E.
None of the above
- 23.Poiseuille's equation predicts a(n) ________ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius.
- A.
Decrease
- B.
Increase
- 24.In a stenosis, the pressure if _______ the proximal and distal values.
- A.
Less than
- B.
Equal to
- C.
Greater than
- D.
Depends on the fuild
- E.
None of the above
- 25.The _______ effect is used to detect and measure ________ in vessels.
- A.
Doppler, flow
- B.
Poiseuille's, velocity
- C.
Color, flow
- 26.Motion of an echo-generating structure causes an echo to have a different _______ from that of the emitted pulse.
- A.
Frequency
- B.
Period
- C.
Pulse duration
- 27.If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is _________________ MHz.
- 28.If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the reflected frequency is _____________ MHz.
- 29.If 2-MHz ultrasound is reflected from a soft tissue boundary moving at 10 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is ________ MHz.
- 30.The doppler shift is the difference between ______ and ______ frequencies
- A.
Emitted & received
- B.
Beginning & end
- C.
Continuous & listening
- 31.When incident sound direction and reflector motion are not parallel, calculation of the refelcted frequency involves the _______ of the angle btwn these directions
- A.
Cosine
- B.
Inside
- C.
Outside
- 32.For an operating frequency of 2 MHz, a flow speed of 10 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 0 degrees, calcuate the Doppler Shift.
- 33.For an operating frequency of 6 MHz, a flow speed of 50 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 60 degrees, calculate the Doppler Shift.
- 34.Which Doppler angle yields the greatest Doppler Shift?
- A.
-90
- B.
-45
- C.
0
- D.
45
- E.
90
- 35.If operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift is
- A.
Half
- B.
Doubled
- C.
Quadrupled
- D.
Same
- 36.If flow speed is doubled, the Doppler shift is
- A.
Doubled
- B.
Quadrupled
- C.
Stays the same
- D.
Half
- 37.If Doppler angle is doubled, the doppler shift is
- A.
Decreased
- B.
Increased
- C.
Stays the same
- 38.Which of the following on a color doppler display is (are) presented in real time?
- A.
Gray-scale anatomy
- B.
Flow direction
- C.
Doppler spectrum
- D.
A & B
- E.
All of the above
- 39.In color doppler instruments, color is used only to represent flow direction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.The angle dependencies of Doppler shift displays and Doppler power displays are different.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.In practice, approximately ________ pulses are requried to obtain one line of color doppler information.
- A.
1
- B.
10
- C.
100
- D.
1000
- E.
1,000,000
- 42.About ________ frames per seocnd are produced by a color Doppler instrument.
- A.
10
- B.
20
- C.
40
- D.
80
- E.
More than one of the above
- 43.Doppler shift displays are not dependent on Doppler angle.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.If a color doppler instrument shows two colors in the same vessel, it always means flow is occuring in opposit directions in the vessels.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 45.A region of bright color on doppler shift display always indicates the highest flow speeds.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 46.Increasing the ensemble length _______ the frame rate.
- A.
Increases
- B.
Decreases
- C.
Stays the same
- 47.Which of the following reduce the frame rate of a color doppler image?
- A.
Wider color window
- B.
Longer color window
- C.
Increased ensemble length
- D.
Higher transducer frequency
- E.
Higher priority setting
- 48.Lack of color in a vessel containing blood flow may be attributable to ______.
- A.
Low color gain
- B.
A high wall filter setting
- C.
A low priority setting
- D.
Baseline shift
- E.
Aliasing
- 49.Increasing ensemble length ________ color sensitivity and accuracy and ______ frame rate
- A.
Improves, increases
- B.
Degrades, increases
- C.
Degrades, decreases
- D.
Improves, decreases
- 50.Which control can be used to help with clutter?
- A.
Wall filter
- B.
Gain
- C.
Baseline shift
- D.
Pulse repetition frequency
- E.
Smoothing
- 51.Doubling the width of a color window produces a(n) ________ frame rate.
- A.
Doubled
- B.
Quadrupled
- C.
Unchanged
- D.
Halved
- E.
Quartered
- 52.Steering the color window to the right or left produces a(n) _____ frame rate
- A.
Doubled
- B.
Quadrupled
- C.
Unchanged
- D.
Halved
- 53.Steering the color window to the right or left changes ________. (multiple answers)
- A.
Frame rate
- B.
Pulse repetition frequency
- C.
Doppler angle
- D.
Doppler shift
- 54.Color Doppler frame rates are _________ gray-scale rates.
- A.
Equal to
- B.
Less than
- C.
More than
- D.
Depends on color map
- E.
Depends on priority
- 55.Compared with Doppler-shift imaging, Doppler-power imaging is ___________ .
- A.
More sensitive
- B.
Angle independent
- C.
Aliasing independent
- D.
Speed independent
- E.
All of the above
- 56.Doppler-power imaging indicates (with color) the _______ of flow.
- A.
Presence
- B.
Direction
- C.
Speed
- D.
Character
- 57.Doppler-shift imaging indicates (with color) the __________ of flow.
- A.
Presence
- B.
Direction
- C.
Speed
- D.
Character
- E.
More than one of the above
- 58.Doppler signal power is proportional to ____________.
- A.
Volume flow rate
- B.
Flow speed
- C.
Doppler angle
- D.
Cell concentration
- E.
More than one of the above.
- 59.Stenosis affects _________
- A.
Peak systolic flow speed
- B.
End diastolic flow speed
- C.
Spectral broadening
- D.
Window
- E.
All of the above
- 60.As stenosis progresses, which fo the following increase(s)?
- A.
Lumen diameter
- B.
Systolic doppler shift
- C.
Diastolic doppler shift
- D.
Spectral broadening
- E.
More than one of the above
- 61.Higher flow speed always produces a higher doppler shift on a spectral display
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 62.Which of the following is increased if Doppler Angle is increase?
- A.
Aliasing
- B.
Doppler shift
- C.
Effect of angle error
- D.
B & C
- E.
None of the above
- 63.If a 5 kHz doppler shift corresponds to 100 cm/s, then a 2.5 kHz shift corresponds to _______ cm/s
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