Chapter 5 - Doppler Principles

Reviewed by Editorial Team

The ProProfs editorial team is comprised of experienced subject matter experts. They've collectively created over 10,000 quizzes and lessons, serving over 100 million users. Our team includes in-house content moderators and subject matter experts, as well as a global network of rigorously trained contributors. All adhere to our comprehensive editorial guidelines, ensuring the delivery of high-quality content.

Learn about Our Editorial Process

| By Kfdm26

Kfdm26

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 15 | Total Attempts: 55,805

| Attempts: 271

Questions

Feedback

During the Quiz End of Quiz

Difficulty

Sequential Easy First Hard First

1/63 Questions

Which of the following are parts of the circulatory system?
- Heart
- Cerebral Ventricle
- Artery
- Arteriole
- Capillary
- Bile Duct
- Venule
- Vein

About This Quiz

This quiz, titled 'Chapter 5 - Doppler Principles', explores key components and functions of the circulatory system, including the heart and capillaries. It assesses understanding of fluid dynamics like viscosity and Doppler ultrasound applications in medical diagnostics, enhancing learners' grasp of human anatomy and biophysics.

Quiz Preview

2.

The _____ are the tiniest vessles in the circulatory system?
- Vein
- Capillaries
- Arteries
Correct Answer

A. Capillaries

Explanation

Capillaries are the tiniest vessels in the circulatory system. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls that allow for the diffusion of substances, and their large surface area facilitates efficient exchange. Unlike veins and arteries, which have thicker walls and carry blood to and from the heart, capillaries are the site of exchange and connect the smallest arteries (arterioles) to the smallest veins (venules).

Rate this question:
3.

In which of the following can Doppler ultrasound detect flow?
- Heart
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
Correct Answer(s)

A. Heart
A. Arteries
A. Veins

Explanation

Doppler ultrasound can detect flow in the heart, arteries, and veins. Doppler ultrasound uses sound waves to measure the speed and direction of blood flow. It can be used to assess blood flow in the heart, such as detecting abnormal blood flow patterns or blockages in the coronary arteries. It can also be used to evaluate blood flow in the arteries and veins of the body, helping to diagnose conditions such as peripheral artery disease or deep vein thrombosis.

Rate this question:
4.

To flow is to move in a ______.
- Direction
- Pattern
- Stream
Correct Answer

A. Stream

Explanation

To flow is to move in a stream.

Rate this question:
5.

The characteristic of a fluid that offers resistance to flow is called?
- Resistance
- Viscosity
- Inertia
- Impedance
- Density
Correct Answer

A. Viscosity

Explanation

Viscosity is the correct answer because it refers to the characteristic of a fluid that offers resistance to flow. It is a measure of the internal friction within a fluid, and it determines how easily the fluid can flow. A higher viscosity means a thicker, more resistant fluid, while a lower viscosity means a thinner, more easily flowing fluid.

Rate this question:
6.

Poise is a unit of
- Visocity
- Friction
- Inertia
Correct Answer

A. Visocity

Explanation

The correct answer is viscosity. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is a property of fluids that determines how easily they flow and how much they resist deformation. Poise is the unit used to measure viscosity, named after French physician Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille.

Rate this question:
7.

Pressure is ______ per unit area.
- Force
- Fricition
- Liquid
Correct Answer

A. Force

Explanation

Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit area. In other words, it is the amount of force applied over a given area. Therefore, the correct answer is force.

Rate this question:
8.

If the pressure is greater at one end of the liquid-filled tube or vessle than it is at the other, the liquid will flow from the _____ pressure and to the _____ pressure end.
- Higher, lower
- Lower, higher
- Depends on the liquid
- All of the above
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Higher, lower

Explanation

When the pressure is greater at one end of the liquid-filled tube or vessel than at the other, the liquid will flow from the higher pressure end to the lower pressure end. This is because fluids always flow from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, following the path of least resistance. Therefore, the correct answer is "higher, lower".

Rate this question:
9.

Flow increases if _____ increase(s).
- Pressure difference
- Pressure gradient
- Resistance
- A and B
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. A and B

Explanation

Flow increases if both pressure difference and pressure gradient increase. When there is a greater pressure difference between two points, there is a higher driving force pushing the fluid through a system, resulting in increased flow. Similarly, a steeper pressure gradient indicates a greater change in pressure over a given distance, leading to increased flow. Therefore, both A (pressure difference) and B (pressure gradient) are correct explanations for the increase in flow.

Rate this question:

0
10.

As flow resistance increases, volumetic flow rate will
- Increase
- Decrease
- Stay the same
Correct Answer

A. Decrease

Explanation

As flow resistance increases, it creates more obstacles for the fluid to flow through, resulting in a decrease in the volumetric flow rate. This is because the increased resistance causes a higher pressure drop across the system, reducing the flow velocity and ultimately decreasing the amount of fluid passing through per unit time.

Rate this question:
11.

If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
- Unchanged
- Quartered
- Halved
- Doubled
- Quadrupled
Correct Answer

A. Doubled

Explanation

When the pressure difference is doubled, the volumetric flow rate also doubles. This is because according to Bernoulli's principle, an increase in pressure difference leads to an increase in fluid velocity. As a result, the fluid flows through the system at a faster rate, causing the volumetric flow rate to double.

Rate this question:
12.

If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
- Unchanged
- Quartered
- Halved
- Doubled
- Quadrupled
Correct Answer

A. Halved

Explanation

If the flow resistance is doubled, it means that it becomes harder for the fluid to flow through the system. This increased resistance will result in a decrease in the volumetric flow rate. Therefore, the correct answer is "halved," indicating that the flow rate will be reduced by half.

Rate this question:
13.

Flow resistance in a vessel depends on _______.
- Vessel length
- Vessel radius
- Blood viscosity
- All of the above
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above". Flow resistance in a vessel depends on all of the given factors - vessel length, vessel radius, and blood viscosity. Vessel length affects resistance because the longer the vessel, the more frictional resistance there is to blood flow. Vessel radius also affects resistance because a smaller radius leads to increased resistance. Blood viscosity, which refers to the thickness or stickiness of the blood, also affects resistance as thicker blood has higher resistance. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to flow resistance in a vessel.

Rate this question:
14.

Flow resistance decreases with an increase in ______.
- Svessel length
- Vessel radius
- Blood viscosity
- All of the above
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Vessel radius

Explanation

The correct answer is vessel radius. Flow resistance is directly proportional to vessel length and inversely proportional to vessel radius. As the vessel radius increases, the flow resistance decreases because there is more space for the blood to flow through, resulting in a lower resistance to flow. Conversely, if the vessel radius decreases, the flow resistance increases. Blood viscosity also affects flow resistance, but it is not the only factor that can cause a decrease in flow resistance.

Rate this question:
15.

Flow resistance depends most strongly on ____.
- Vessel length
- Vessel radius
- Blood viscosity
- All of the above
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Vessel radius

Explanation

The flow resistance in a vessel is determined by various factors, but the most significant one is the vessel radius. As the radius of the vessel decreases, the flow resistance increases exponentially. This is because a smaller radius leads to a smaller cross-sectional area, resulting in a higher velocity of blood flow and increased frictional forces between the blood and the vessel walls. Therefore, vessel radius has the strongest influence on flow resistance.

Rate this question:
16.

Volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in ____.
- Pressure difference
- Vessel radius
- Vessel length
- Blood viscosity
- C and d
Correct Answer

A. C and d

Explanation

The volumetric flow rate refers to the volume of fluid that passes through a given point in a unit of time. According to the question, the volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in vessel length and blood viscosity. This means that as the length of the vessel increases or the viscosity of the blood increases, the flow rate of the fluid decreases. This can be explained by the fact that longer vessels and more viscous fluids create more resistance to the flow, resulting in a decrease in flow rate.

Rate this question:
17.

When the speed of a fluid is constant across a vessel, the flow is called _____ flow.
- Volume
- Parabolic
- Laminar
- Viscous
- Plug
Correct Answer

A. Plug

Explanation

In plug flow, the speed of the fluid remains constant across the vessel. This means that the fluid flows in a uniform manner without any disturbances or mixing. It is characterized by a cylindrical or plug-like flow profile, where the fluid elements move in parallel layers without any radial mixing. This type of flow is commonly observed in certain industrial processes and can be advantageous for maintaining consistent conditions within the vessel.

Rate this question:
18.

__________ flow occurs wen straight parallel streamlines describing the flow are altered.
- Disturbed
- Turbulent
- Plug
- Viscous
Correct Answer

A. Disturbed

Explanation

Disturbed flow occurs when straight parallel streamlines describing the flow are altered. This means that the flow pattern is no longer smooth and regular, but instead becomes irregular and chaotic. This can be caused by various factors such as obstacles in the flow, changes in velocity or pressure, or the presence of turbulence. In disturbed flow, the streamlines may become curved, twisted, or broken, indicating a disruption in the flow pattern.

Rate this question:
19.

_____________ flow involves random and chaotic flow patterns, with particles flowing in all directions.
- Disturbed
- Turbulent
- Plug
- Viscous
Correct Answer

A. Turbulent

Explanation

Turbulent flow involves random and chaotic flow patterns, with particles flowing in all directions. It is characterized by irregular fluctuations in velocity and pressure, resulting in mixing and diffusion of particles. In turbulent flow, the fluid moves in eddies and swirls, causing a high level of mixing and energy dissipation. This type of flow is commonly observed in situations where there is high velocity, large pressure gradients, or irregular surfaces.

Rate this question:
20.

Turbulent flow is more likely proximal or distal to a stenosis
- Proximal
- Distal
Correct Answer

A. Distal

Explanation

Turbulent flow is more likely to occur distal to a stenosis. This is because as blood flows through a narrowed or stenotic vessel, it experiences increased resistance, leading to changes in flow patterns. Distal to the stenosis, the blood flow is more likely to become turbulent due to the abrupt changes in vessel diameter and increased velocity. Proximal to the stenosis, the flow is more likely to be laminar as it has not yet encountered the resistance of the stenosis.

Rate this question:
21.

A narrowing of the lumen of a tube is called a _________.
- Stenosis
- Pulsatile
- Disturbed
Correct Answer

A. Stenosis

Explanation

A narrowing of the lumen of a tube is called stenosis. Stenosis refers to the abnormal narrowing of a tubular structure, such as a blood vessel or a digestive tract. This narrowing can restrict the flow of fluids or substances through the tube, leading to various symptoms depending on the location and severity of the stenosis.

Rate this question:
22.

Proximal to , at, and distal to a stenosis ________, must be constant.
- Laminar flow
- Disturbed flow
- Turbulent flow
- Volumetic flow rate
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Turbulent flow

Explanation

The correct answer is turbulent flow. When there is a stenosis (narrowing) in a blood vessel, the flow of blood proximal to (before), at, and distal to (after) the stenosis becomes turbulent. Turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns, with eddies and swirls. In contrast, laminar flow is smooth and orderly, while disturbed flow is a combination of both laminar and turbulent flow. Volumetric flow rate refers to the volume of fluid passing through a given area per unit of time and is not necessarily constant in the presence of a stenosis.

Rate this question:

0
23.

Poiseuille's equation predicts a(n) ________ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius.
- Decrease
- Increase
Correct Answer

A. Decrease

Explanation

According to Poiseuille's equation, there is an inverse relationship between flow speed and vessel radius. As the vessel radius decreases, the flow speed decreases. This is because a smaller radius creates more resistance to flow, resulting in a slower flow speed.

Rate this question:
24.

In a stenosis, the pressure if _______ the proximal and distal values.
- Less than
- Equal to
- Greater than
- Depends on the fuild
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Less than

Explanation

In a stenosis, the pressure is less than the proximal and distal values. This is because a stenosis is a narrowing or constriction in a blood vessel, which restricts the flow of blood. As a result, the pressure upstream (proximal) to the stenosis is higher, while the pressure downstream (distal) to the stenosis is lower. Therefore, the pressure in a stenosis is less than both the proximal and distal values.

Rate this question:
25.

The _______ effect is used to detect and measure ________ in vessels.
- Doppler, flow
- Poiseuille's, velocity
- Color, flow
Correct Answer

A. Doppler, flow

Explanation

The Doppler effect is used to detect and measure flow in vessels. The Doppler effect refers to the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave when there is relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer. In the context of blood flow in vessels, the Doppler effect is used to measure the velocity and direction of blood flow by analyzing the changes in frequency of the ultrasound waves reflected by the moving blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is doppler, flow.

Rate this question:
26.

Motion of an echo-generating structure causes an echo to have a different _______ from that of the emitted pulse.
- Frequency
- Period
- Pulse duration
Correct Answer

A. Frequency

Explanation

When an echo is generated, it is caused by the motion of an echo-generating structure. This motion affects the frequency of the echo, causing it to be different from that of the emitted pulse. The frequency of a wave refers to the number of complete cycles it completes in a given time period. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency.

Rate this question:
27.

If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is _________________ MHz.

Correct Answer
.02

Explanation
2 x 16 x1 / 1600 =
32/1600 = .02

2 x velocity x frequency / c

Rate this question:

1
28.

If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the reflected frequency is _____________ MHz.

Correct Answer
1.02

Explanation
1 MHz + .02 doppler shift

Rate this question:
29.

If 2-MHz ultrasound is reflected from a soft tissue boundary moving at 10 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is ________ MHz.

Correct Answer
.026

Explanation
2 x velcoity (10) x f(2) / c (1540) = .026

Rate this question:

2
30.

The doppler shift is the difference between ______ and ______ frequencies
- Emitted & received
- Beginning & end
- Continuous & listening
Correct Answer

A. Emitted & received

Explanation

The doppler shift is the difference between the frequencies of sound waves that are emitted and received. When an object emitting sound waves is in motion, the frequency of the waves appears higher to an observer in front of the object and lower to an observer behind the object. This shift in frequency is known as the doppler shift and is caused by the relative motion between the source of the sound waves and the observer.

Rate this question:
31.

When incident sound direction and reflector motion are not parallel, calculation of the refelcted frequency involves the _______ of the angle btwn these directions
- Cosine
- Inside
- Outside
Correct Answer

A. Cosine

Explanation

When incident sound direction and reflector motion are not parallel, the calculation of the reflected frequency involves the cosine of the angle between these directions. The cosine of an angle is a trigonometric function that relates the length of the adjacent side of a right triangle to the hypotenuse. In this context, it is used to determine the change in frequency of the reflected sound wave based on the angle between the incident sound direction and the motion of the reflector.

Rate this question:
32.

For an operating frequency of 2 MHz, a flow speed of 10 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 0 degrees, calcuate the Doppler Shift.

Correct Answer
.26 kHz

Explanation
Doppler Shift = 2 x V x Operating Frequency x cosine / c

2(2)(10) / 1.540 = 25.9 = .26KHz

Rate this question:
33.

For an operating frequency of 6 MHz, a flow speed of 50 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 60 degrees, calculate the Doppler Shift.

Correct Answer
1.95 kHz

Explanation
Doppler Shift = 2 x V x Operating Frequency x cosine / c
2(50)6(.50) / 1.540 = 194.8 = 1.95 kHz

Rate this question:

0
34.

Which Doppler angle yields the greatest Doppler Shift?
- -90
- -45
- 0
- 45
- 90
Correct Answer

A. 0

Explanation

The Doppler angle of 0 degrees yields the greatest Doppler Shift. This is because at 0 degrees, the angle between the direction of the wave and the direction of motion of the source or observer is minimal, resulting in the maximum change in frequency. As the angle increases or decreases from 0 degrees, the Doppler Shift decreases.

Rate this question:

1
35.

If operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift is
- Half
- Doubled
- Quadrupled
- Same
Correct Answer

A. Doubled

Explanation

When the operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift is also doubled. This is because the Doppler shift is directly proportional to the frequency of the wave. As the frequency increases, the change in frequency caused by the Doppler effect also increases. Therefore, when the operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift will also double.

Rate this question:
36.

If flow speed is doubled, the Doppler shift is
- Doubled
- Quadrupled
- Stays the same
- Half
Correct Answer

A. Doubled

Explanation

When the flow speed is doubled, the Doppler shift also doubles. This is because the Doppler shift is directly proportional to the velocity of the source or observer relative to the medium through which the wave is traveling. Increasing the flow speed by a factor of 2 will result in a doubling of the Doppler shift.

Rate this question:
37.

If Doppler angle is doubled, the doppler shift is
- Decreased
- Increased
- Stays the same
Correct Answer

A. Decreased

Explanation

When the Doppler angle is doubled, it means that the angle between the direction of the wave and the direction of motion of the source or observer is increased. As a result, the component of the velocity along the line of sight decreases, leading to a decrease in the Doppler shift. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased.

Rate this question:
38.

Which of the following on a color doppler display is (are) presented in real time?
- Gray-scale anatomy
- Flow direction
- Doppler spectrum
- A & B
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. A & B

Explanation

The gray-scale anatomy and flow direction on a color Doppler display are presented in real time. This means that the images and information displayed are continuously updated and reflect the current conditions and movements within the body. The Doppler spectrum, on the other hand, is not presented in real time as it is a graphical representation of the velocity of blood flow over time. Therefore, the correct answer is A & B.

Rate this question:
39.

In color doppler instruments, color is used only to represent flow direction.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Color Doppler instruments use color to represent both flow direction and velocity. By assigning different colors to different flow directions (such as red for flow towards the transducer and blue for flow away from the transducer), the instrument provides a visual representation of the blood flow patterns. Additionally, the intensity or brightness of the color is used to represent the velocity of the blood flow, with brighter colors indicating higher velocities. Therefore, the statement that color is used only to represent flow direction is incorrect.

Rate this question:
40.

The angle dependencies of Doppler shift displays and Doppler power displays are different.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Power display does not depend on an angle

Rate this question:
41.

In practice, approximately ________ pulses are requried to obtain one line of color doppler information.
- 1
- 10
- 100
- 1000
- 1,000,000
Correct Answer

A. 10

Explanation

In practice, approximately 10 pulses are required to obtain one line of color Doppler information. This means that the ultrasound machine emits 10 pulses of sound waves and receives the echoes back from the tissues to create a single line of color Doppler image. This process is repeated multiple times to generate a complete color Doppler image.

Rate this question:
42.

About ________ frames per seocnd are produced by a color Doppler instrument.
- 10
- 20
- 40
- 80
- More than one of the above
Correct Answer

A. More than one of the above

Explanation

The correct answer is "More than one of the above." The question is asking about the number of frames per second produced by a color Doppler instrument. Since the options provided are 10, 20, 40, 80, and "More than one of the above," it suggests that the instrument can produce a frame rate that is greater than 80 frames per second. Therefore, the correct answer is "More than one of the above."

Rate this question:
43.

Doppler shift displays are not dependent on Doppler angle.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

It is dependant on the angle

Rate this question:
44.

If a color doppler instrument shows two colors in the same vessel, it always means flow is occuring in opposit directions in the vessels.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement is false because the presence of two colors in the same vessel on a color doppler instrument does not always indicate flow occurring in opposite directions. It could be due to other factors such as turbulence or aliasing. Therefore, the presence of two colors in the same vessel does not necessarily imply flow in opposite directions.

Rate this question:

1
45.

A region of bright color on doppler shift display always indicates the highest flow speeds.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

A region of bright color on a Doppler shift display does not always indicate the highest flow speeds. The brightness of the color in a Doppler shift display represents the strength or intensity of the signal, not necessarily the velocity or speed of the flow. The velocity of the flow is typically represented by the color itself, with different colors indicating different velocities. Therefore, a bright color region could indicate a strong signal but not necessarily the highest flow speeds.

Rate this question:
46.

Increasing the ensemble length _______ the frame rate.
- Increases
- Decreases
- Stays the same
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

Increasing the ensemble length decreases the frame rate. This means that as the ensemble length, which refers to the number of individual frames in a sequence, increases, the frame rate, which is the number of frames displayed per second, decreases. This is because a longer ensemble length requires more time to process and display each frame, resulting in a slower frame rate.

Rate this question:
47.

Which of the following reduce the frame rate of a color doppler image?
- Wider color window
- Longer color window
- Increased ensemble length
- Higher transducer frequency
- Higher priority setting
Correct Answer(s)

A. Wider color window
A. Increased ensemble length

Explanation

A wider color window reduces the frame rate of a color doppler image because it increases the amount of data that needs to be processed and displayed, which takes longer to complete. Similarly, an increased ensemble length also reduces the frame rate because it requires more time to collect and analyze the data from multiple pulses. These factors contribute to a slower frame rate, which may result in a less smooth and slower image display.

Rate this question:
48.

Lack of color in a vessel containing blood flow may be attributable to ______.
- Low color gain
- A high wall filter setting
- A low priority setting
- Baseline shift
- Aliasing
Correct Answer(s)

A. Low color gain
A. A high wall filter setting
A. A low priority setting

Explanation

The lack of color in a vessel containing blood flow may be attributable to low color gain, a high wall filter setting, or a low priority setting. Low color gain refers to a decrease in the intensity of color signals, resulting in a lack of color representation. A high wall filter setting can filter out low-frequency signals, including color signals, leading to a lack of color. A low priority setting may prioritize other imaging parameters over color representation, causing a lack of color in the vessel.

Rate this question:
49.

Increasing ensemble length ________ color sensitivity and accuracy and ______ frame rate
- Improves, increases
- Degrades, increases
- Degrades, decreases
- Improves, decreases
Correct Answer

A. Improves, decreases

Explanation

Increasing ensemble length improves color sensitivity and accuracy, as more data from different sources can be combined to enhance the overall quality of the image. However, it decreases frame rate, as more time is required to process and combine the additional data, resulting in a slower refresh rate.

Rate this question:

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

Current Version
Mar 21, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Nov 30, 2011

Quiz Created by
Kfdm26

Featured Quizzes

What Ethnicity Do I Look Like? What Ethnicity Do I Look Like?

Best Friend Quiz: Are You Really Best Friends? Best Friend Quiz: Are You Really Best Friends?

What Is My Ethnicity? Let's Take Ethnicity Quiz What Is My Ethnicity? Let's Take Ethnicity Quiz

Introduction to Computer: MCQ Questions With Answers Introduction to Computer: MCQ Questions With Answers

Articles Quiz With Answers Articles Quiz With Answers

Basketball Quiz Questions And Answers Basketball Quiz Questions And Answers

Back to top

Chapter 5 - Doppler Principles

Which of the following are parts of the circulatory system?

Quiz Preview

The _____ are the tiniest vessles in the circulatory system?

In which of the following can Doppler ultrasound detect flow?

To flow is to move in a ______.

The characteristic of a fluid that offers resistance to flow is called?

Poise is a unit of

Pressure is ______ per unit area.

If the pressure is greater at one end of the liquid-filled tube or vessle than it is at the other, the liquid will flow from the _____ pressure and to the _____ pressure end.

Flow increases if _____ increase(s).

As flow resistance increases, volumetic flow rate will

If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is

If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is

Flow resistance in a vessel depends on _______.

Flow resistance decreases with an increase in ______.

Flow resistance depends most strongly on ____.

Volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in ____.

When the speed of a fluid is constant across a vessel, the flow is called _____ flow.

__________ flow occurs wen straight parallel streamlines describing the flow are altered.

_____________ flow involves random and chaotic flow patterns, with particles flowing in all directions.

Turbulent flow is more likely proximal or distal to a stenosis

A narrowing of the lumen of a tube is called a _________.

Proximal to , at, and distal to a stenosis ________, must be constant.

Poiseuille's equation predicts a(n) ________ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius.

In a stenosis, the pressure if _______ the proximal and distal values.

The _______ effect is used to detect and measure ________ in vessels.

Motion of an echo-generating structure causes an echo to have a different _______ from that of the emitted pulse.

If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is _________________ MHz.

If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the reflected frequency is _____________ MHz.

If 2-MHz ultrasound is reflected from a soft tissue boundary moving at 10 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is ________ MHz.

The doppler shift is the difference between ______ and ______ frequencies

When incident sound direction and reflector motion are not parallel, calculation of the refelcted frequency involves the _______ of the angle btwn these directions

For an operating frequency of 2 MHz, a flow speed of 10 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 0 degrees, calcuate the Doppler Shift.

For an operating frequency of 6 MHz, a flow speed of 50 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 60 degrees, calculate the Doppler Shift.

Which Doppler angle yields the greatest Doppler Shift?

If operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift is

If flow speed is doubled, the Doppler shift is

If Doppler angle is doubled, the doppler shift is

Which of the following on a color doppler display is (are) presented in real time?

In color doppler instruments, color is used only to represent flow direction.

The angle dependencies of Doppler shift displays and Doppler power displays are different.

In practice, approximately ________ pulses are requried to obtain one line of color doppler information.

About ________ frames per seocnd are produced by a color Doppler instrument.

Doppler shift displays are not dependent on Doppler angle.

If a color doppler instrument shows two colors in the same vessel, it always means flow is occuring in opposit directions in the vessels.

A region of bright color on doppler shift display always indicates the highest flow speeds.

Increasing the ensemble length _______ the frame rate.

Which of the following reduce the frame rate of a color doppler image?

Lack of color in a vessel containing blood flow may be attributable to ______.

Increasing ensemble length ________ color sensitivity and accuracy and ______ frame rate

If the pressure is greater at one end of the liquid-filled tube or vessle than it is at the other, the liquid will flow from the _ pressure and to the _ pressure end.

The _ effect is used to detect and measure __ in vessels.

The doppler shift is the difference between and frequencies

Increasing ensemble length __ color sensitivity and accuracy and frame rate