Chapter 5: Colonial Society On The Eve Of The Revolution

Clergymen were considered the most respected in their occupations because they held positions of religious authority and were seen as spiritual leaders within their communities. They were responsible for guiding and counseling individuals in matters of faith and morality, and their role was highly regarded and valued by society. Their dedication to serving a higher power and their commitment to helping others earned them a great deal of respect and admiration.

The correct answer is Anglican church and Congressional Church. During the colonial period, the Anglican Church (also known as the Church of England) was the established church in many of the colonies. It was the official religion and received support from the government. The Congressional Church, also known as the Puritan Church, was another established church in some colonies, particularly in New England. It had a congregationalist structure and played a significant role in the religious and social life of the colonies.

The New Lights were the Great Awakening evangelists who revitalized religion. The Great Awakening was a religious revival that took place in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. The New Lights were a group of ministers who promoted the revivalist movement and emphasized the importance of personal conversion and emotional religious experiences. They challenged the traditional beliefs and practices of the orthodox clergy, who were known as the Old Lights. The New Lights played a significant role in spreading religious fervor and bringing about a spiritual awakening among the colonists.

The Germans came to the American colonies to escape religious persecution, economic stresses, and war. They sought refuge and freedom to practice their religion without fear of persecution. Additionally, they were attracted to the economic opportunities and resources available in the colonies, which could alleviate their financial burdens. The ongoing wars in Europe also played a role in their decision to migrate, as they hoped to find a more peaceful and stable environment in the American colonies.

John Peter Zenger was the newspaper printer who was charged with sedition. Sedition refers to the act of inciting rebellion against a government or authority. Zenger, a printer in colonial America, was accused of publishing articles that criticized the British colonial government. His trial in 1735 became a landmark case for freedom of the press, as it established the principle that truth is a defense against charges of libel. Zenger's acquittal set an important precedent for the protection of free speech and the press in the United States.

During the colonial period, Ben Franklin was the only scientist among the given options. Charles Darwin and Louis Pasteur were both influential scientists, but they lived and worked after the colonial period. Ben Franklin, on the other hand, was a polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including physics, electricity, and meteorology, during the colonial era. He is known for his experiments with electricity, invention of the lightning rod, and his work on understanding the nature of lightning.

The lower house refers to the legislative body that represents the common people in a government system. In the context of colonial times, the lower house was indeed elected by the colonial people. This means that individuals from the colonies had the ability to vote and choose their representatives in the lower house of government. Therefore, the statement "The lower house was elected by colonial people" is true.

The Old lights refer to the orthodox clergy who were skeptical about the Great Awakening preachings. During the Great Awakening, a religious revival that took place in the American colonies in the 18th century, many evangelical preachers emerged and preached emotional and enthusiastic sermons. However, the Old lights, representing the established religious order, viewed these new teachings with suspicion and were critical of the emotionalism and unorthodox practices associated with the Great Awakening. They believed in a more conservative and traditional approach to religion.

The correct answer is "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God". This sermon by Jonathan Edwards is considered one of the most famous sermons in American history. In this sermon, Edwards vividly described the wrath of God and the eternal damnation that awaited sinners. He emphasized the importance of repentance and turning to God to avoid this fate. The sermon's powerful imagery and persuasive language made a lasting impact on its listeners and contributed to the religious revival known as the Great Awakening.

During colonial times, the majority of people were indeed poor and had limited resources to spend on non-essential items such as books. Additionally, the demands of daily life, including work and survival, left little time for leisure activities like reading. Therefore, it can be inferred that most colonials were too poor and too busy to buy and read books, making the statement "True."

it was developed but very slow and not private

Phillis Wheatly was a former slave and poet who gained recognition in Europe. Despite being enslaved, Wheatly was educated and became the first African American to publish a book of poetry. Her work received praise and attention in Europe, where she was celebrated for her talent and intellect. Wheatly's poetry often addressed themes of freedom, religion, and social issues, making her an influential figure in both American and European literary circles during the 18th century.

The correct answer is upper and lower house. In a two-house system of legislature, the upper house and lower house are two separate chambers that make up the legislative body. The upper house, also known as the Senate or House of Lords, typically represents the interests of regions or states and has a smaller number of members. The lower house, also known as the House of Representatives or House of Commons, represents the general population and has a larger number of members. This system allows for a more balanced and comprehensive decision-making process.

All colonies used property or religious qualifications to determine who was eligible to vote. This means that individuals had to either own a certain amount of property or meet certain religious requirements in order to have the right to vote. This system was used to restrict voting rights to a select group of individuals who were deemed to be more responsible or trustworthy.

England's population could not entirely support the colonial manufactured goods. This is because during the colonial period, England relied heavily on its colonies for raw materials and resources, which were then manufactured into goods in England and exported back to the colonies and other markets. The population of England alone would not have been enough to consume all of the manufactured goods produced, hence the need for external markets and colonies to sustain the demand.

The correct answer is 90. This suggests that a high percentage of people were involved in agriculture. This could be due to various factors such as the importance of agriculture in the economy, the prevalence of rural areas, or the cultural significance of farming in the given context.

Jonathan Edwards began the Great Awakening in Massachusetts. The Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept through the American colonies in the 18th century. Edwards was a prominent preacher and theologian who played a key role in sparking this religious movement. His famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," became a powerful catalyst for spiritual awakening and conversion. Edwards' preaching style and emphasis on personal religious experience greatly influenced the religious landscape of colonial America.

The Parliament passed the Molasses Act to stop colonial trade with the West Indies. This act imposed heavy taxes on molasses imported from the West Indies, making it economically unfeasible for the colonies to continue trading with the region. The British government wanted to protect its own sugar industry in the British West Indies by preventing the colonies from obtaining cheaper molasses from French and Dutch colonies in the West Indies. By restricting colonial trade with the West Indies, the Parliament aimed to maintain British control over the colonial economy and prevent smuggling.

the gap began to widen

Based on the given options, the answer is Erin and Amanda.

The New England colonies valued education for religious purposes. Education was seen as essential for teaching children about their religious beliefs and ensuring that they could read and interpret religious texts. The colonies believed that a strong religious foundation was crucial for their communities' success and wanted to ensure that future generations would be able to uphold their religious values and practices.

During the Great Awakening, the doctrines of the Puritan Church began to lose hold. This can be attributed to the religious revival movement that emphasized a more personal and emotional connection with God, rather than strict adherence to established church doctrines. As people became more focused on their individual relationship with God, the rigid teachings of the Puritan Church became less relevant and started to decline in importance.

The triangle route refers to a trade route during the colonial period where goods were exchanged between three regions in a triangular pattern. In this case, New England sent rum to Africa in exchange for slaves. The slaves were then transported to the Caribbean, where they were exchanged for molasses. Finally, the molasses were transported back to New England. This trade route played a significant role in the transatlantic slave trade and the development of the colonial economies in these regions.

The correct answer is because they began to run out of land. As the population in New England increased, the available land for farming and settlement became scarce. This scarcity led to overcrowding and limited resources, making it difficult for people to sustain themselves. Moving west towards the frontier offered new opportunities for land and resources, allowing them to continue their livelihoods and support their growing population.

Wealthy individuals preferred to use expensive private tutors instead of sending their children to schools, whether boarding or private. This suggests that they valued personalized education and individual attention for their children, which they believed could be better provided by private tutors. This choice also implies that the wealthy wanted to maintain a certain level of exclusivity and privilege for their children's education, rather than sending them to established schools.

they traveled in england

The statement suggests that before the revolution, the colonies were experiencing an increase in social stratification and a decrease in social mobility. This means that the gap between the rich and the poor was widening, and it was becoming harder for individuals to move up the social ladder. This could be attributed to factors such as economic disparities, limited opportunities, and the influence of the colonial elite.

Poor road and travel conditions resulted in the emergence of taverns that provided shelter and entertainment. With difficult road conditions, travelers needed a place to rest and seek refuge from the challenges of the journey. Taverns served as convenient stopping points along the way, offering travelers a place to rest, eat, drink, and find entertainment. These establishments played a crucial role in providing comfort and respite for weary travelers, making them an inevitable outcome of poor road and travel conditions.

Self taxation was used because people believed that by withholding their salaries, they could exert influence over politicians and sway them to act in their favor. This practice gave individuals a sense of power and control over their governors, as they believed that by controlling the politicians' finances, they could shape their decisions and policies. This method of self taxation was seen as a way for the people to assert their rights and have a say in the governance of their society.

The Congressional church was prominent in New England without Rhode Island. This means that the church had a strong presence and influence in the New England region, excluding Rhode Island. It suggests that the Congressional church had a significant following and played a prominent role in the religious and social life of the communities in New England, but not in Rhode Island.

Taverns provided political venues during the time of revolution. These establishments served as gathering places where people could discuss and debate political ideas and issues. They were often frequented by politicians, activists, and other individuals interested in the revolutionary cause. Taverns became important spaces for organizing and planning political actions, making them crucial in the development of the revolution.

George Whitefield preached about human helplessness and divine omnipotence. This means that he focused on the idea that humans are inherently helpless and dependent on the power and control of God. He emphasized the belief that humans cannot achieve salvation or overcome their sins on their own, but rather rely on the divine power of God to guide and save them. Whitefield's preaching emphasized the need for individuals to recognize their own limitations and surrender to the greater power of God.

During the eve of the revolution, there were 40 newspapers in circulation in the colonies. This suggests that there was a significant amount of press and media available to disseminate information and ideas among the colonists. The presence of these newspapers would have played a crucial role in spreading news, opinions, and rallying support for the revolution.

Governors were appointed through the colonial legislature. This means that the colonial government, which consisted of elected representatives, had the authority to appoint governors. This system allowed for some level of local control and decision-making in the appointment of governors, rather than relying solely on the parliament in England.

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they were not popular, people were too busy to work on art and literature

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The colonial colleges arose due to the high cost and inconvenience of sending children to England for education. Establishing colleges in the colonies provided a more accessible and affordable option for families who wanted their children to receive a quality education. Additionally, these colleges served the purpose of training individuals to become ministers, which was a highly respected and important role in colonial society.

The Scots-Irish came to the American colonies due to English restrictions on wool. These restrictions limited their ability to engage in the wool trade, which was a significant source of income for them. By immigrating to the American colonies, they hoped to escape these restrictions and find new economic opportunities.

Princeton, Rutgers, and Brown were found to be new light centers of education. These colleges were recognized for their innovative and progressive approaches to education, which brought new ideas and perspectives to the field. They were known for their emphasis on critical thinking, intellectual curiosity, and academic excellence. These institutions played a significant role in shaping the educational landscape and contributing to the advancement of knowledge and scholarship.