Chapter 4 Test - Chemistry

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1. In the periodic table, elements are classified as ____ according to their properties.

Explanation

In the periodic table, elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids according to their properties. This classification is based on various characteristics such as their physical state, chemical behavior, and ability to conduct electricity. Metals are typically solid, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals, on the other hand, can be solid, liquid, or gas, and they are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Metalloids exhibit properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals, making them semi-conductors. This classification helps in organizing and understanding the properties and behavior of elements in a systematic manner.

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About This Quiz
Periodic Table Quizzes & Trivia

This Chapter 4 Chemistry test assesses knowledge on the properties and categorization of elements within the Periodic Table. It evaluates understanding of element groups, reactivity, and atomic nature, crucial for learners in advanced chemistry courses.

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2. A potassium ion has 19 protons and 18 electrons, so it has a charge of

Explanation

A potassium ion has 19 protons and 18 electrons, so it has a charge of 1+. This is because the number of protons (positive charge) is greater than the number of electrons (negative charge), resulting in an overall positive charge of 1+.

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3. An atom of oxygen with 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons would have a mass number of

Explanation

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons. In this case, the atom of oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so the mass number would be 8 + 8 = 16.

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4. Atoms are composed of

Explanation

Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. These three subatomic particles make up the structure of an atom and determine its properties and behavior.

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5. Neutrons are particles that

Explanation

Neutrons are particles that help make up the nucleus of an atom. They have no charge, unlike protons which are positively charged and electrons which are negatively charged. Neutrons play a crucial role in stabilizing the nucleus and determining the isotope of an atom. Their neutral charge allows them to interact with both protons and electrons, contributing to the overall stability of the atom.

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6. An iron griddle can cook your favorite foods on a stove because it has high thermal

Explanation

An iron griddle can cook your favorite foods on a stove because it has high thermal conductivity. This means that it is able to transfer heat quickly and efficiently from the stove to the food, allowing for even and consistent cooking. The high thermal conductivity of the iron griddle ensures that the heat is evenly distributed across its surface, resulting in evenly cooked food.

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7. If a boron atom has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons, it has a mass number of 

Explanation

The mass number of an atom is determined by the sum of its protons and neutrons. In this case, the boron atom has 5 protons and 6 neutrons, so the total number of particles in the nucleus is 11. Therefore, the correct answer is 11.

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8. What is the charge of an ion that contains 12 protons and 10 electrons?

Explanation

The charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and the number of electrons. In this case, the ion contains 12 protons and 10 electrons. Since protons have a charge of +1 and electrons have a charge of -1, the ion has a net charge of +2. Therefore, the correct answer is 2+.

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9. Which class of elements are also called semiconductors?

Explanation

Metalloids are a class of elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They are called semiconductors because they have intermediate conductivity, meaning they can conduct electricity under certain conditions but not as well as metals. This property makes them useful in electronic devices such as transistors and diodes. Examples of metalloids include silicon, germanium, and arsenic.

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10. Groups 3–12 are commonly referred to as

Explanation

Groups 3-12 on the periodic table are commonly referred to as transition metals. This is because these elements have properties that are in between those of the alkali metals and the metals in groups 13-16. Transition metals are known for their ability to form stable complex ions, their high melting and boiling points, and their various oxidation states. They also have a partially filled d orbital, which allows them to exhibit characteristic colors and magnetic properties.

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11. Atoms that _____ form positive ions.

Explanation

Atoms that lose electrons form positive ions because when an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged due to an imbalance between the number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge). This loss of negatively charged electrons results in a net positive charge, leading to the formation of a positive ion.

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12. What particles make up a nucleus?

Explanation

The particles that make up a nucleus are protons and neutrons. Electrons are not present in the nucleus, but instead orbit around it in electron shells. The protons have a positive charge and the neutrons have no charge, and together they form the dense core of an atom.

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13. Which of the following is NOT found on the periodic table?

Explanation

The periodic table provides information about the atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass of each element. However, it does not include the density of each element. Density is a physical property of matter and can vary depending on the conditions. Therefore, it is not a fixed characteristic of an element and is not included on the periodic table.

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14. Which statement is true?

Explanation

The statement "Alkali metals are Group 1 elements" is true. Alkali metals are located in Group 1 of the periodic table, which includes elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium. They are known for their low melting points, high reactivity, and ability to form alkaline solutions when they react with water. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the classification of alkali metals in the periodic table.

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15. Electrons are particles that

Explanation

Electrons are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a negative charge and are essential for the stability of an atom. The statement "are located outside of the nucleus and are negatively charged" accurately describes the properties and behavior of electrons in an atom.

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16. ____ are formed by atoms losing electrons.

Explanation

Positive ions are formed when atoms lose electrons. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged because there are more protons than electrons. This creates an imbalance in the atom's charge, resulting in a positive ion. Positive ions are often formed through chemical reactions or by the influence of external factors such as heat or radiation. They play important roles in various chemical processes and can be found in many compounds and substances.

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17. On the periodic table, a row of elements is called a(n)

Explanation

On the periodic table, a row of elements is called a period. Periods are horizontal rows that represent the arrangement of elements based on their atomic number. Each period corresponds to a specific energy level or shell in which the electrons of the elements are arranged. The elements within a period have similar properties and exhibit a gradual change in properties as you move across the period from left to right. Therefore, the term "period" accurately describes a row of elements on the periodic table.

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18. When a chlorine atom becomes Cl–, it ____ in the third energy level.

Explanation

When a chlorine atom becomes Cl-, it gains one electron. This is because chlorine has 7 electrons in its outermost energy level, and it wants to achieve a stable electron configuration of 8 electrons. By gaining one electron, it completes its outermost energy level and becomes negatively charged as a result.

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19. Most of the elements in the periodic table are

Explanation

The majority of elements in the periodic table are classified as metals. Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity. They are found on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table. Nonmetals, on the other hand, are poor conductors of heat and electricity and are found on the right side of the periodic table. Metalloids are elements that have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Therefore, the correct answer is that most elements in the periodic table are classified as metals.

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20. On the periodic table, a column of elements is called

Explanation

On the periodic table, a column of elements is called a group or family. This is because elements within the same group or family share similar chemical properties and have the same number of valence electrons. The elements in a group or family also tend to have similar reactivity patterns and form similar types of compounds. Therefore, grouping elements together in columns helps to organize and classify them based on their similarities, making it easier to study and understand their properties and behaviors.

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21. How many protons does an atom with an atomic number of 23 and a mass number of 51 have?

Explanation

The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons it has. In this case, the atom has an atomic number of 23, which means it has 23 protons. The mass number, on the other hand, represents the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus. However, the question specifically asks for the number of protons, so the correct answer is 23.

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22. An atom has no overall charge if it contains equal numbers of

Explanation

An atom has no overall charge if it contains equal numbers of electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged particles, while protons are positively charged particles. The charges of electrons and protons cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral atom with no overall charge. Neutrons, on the other hand, are electrically neutral particles and do not contribute to the overall charge of an atom. Therefore, the correct answer is electrons and protons.

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23. What is the charge of an ion that contains 16 protons and 18 electrons?

Explanation

The ion contains 16 protons and 18 electrons. Since protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge, the ion will have an overall negative charge. The charge is determined by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. In this case, 16 protons - 18 electrons = -2, indicating a charge of 2-.

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24. Which statement about neutrons is true?

Explanation

Neutrons have a mass of 1 amu. This is true because neutrons are subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass that is close to, but slightly greater than, the mass of a proton. The atomic mass unit (amu) is a unit of measurement used to express the mass of atomic and subatomic particles. Therefore, it is accurate to say that neutrons have a mass of 1 amu.

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25. You can see your reflection in a mirror because metals tend to be

Explanation

Metals tend to be shiny because they have a high reflectivity for light. When light hits the surface of a metal, it is reflected back, allowing us to see our reflection in a mirror. Shiny surfaces have a smooth and polished texture, which helps to enhance the reflection of light. Conductivity, malleability, and ductility are properties of metals but they do not directly contribute to the ability to see a reflection in a mirror.

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26. Which of the following determines the identity of an element?

Explanation

The atomic number of an element determines its identity. It represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is unique to each element. The atomic number is what distinguishes one element from another and determines its position on the periodic table. The mass number and atomic mass are related to the mass of an atom, but they do not determine the identity of the element. The overall charge of an atom can vary due to the presence of electrons, but it also does not determine the identity of the element.

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27. An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons would have a mass number of

Explanation

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons. In this case, the gold atom has 79 protons and 118 neutrons, so the mass number would be 79 + 118 = 197.

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28. During chemical changes, an aluminum atom can lose its 3 electrons in the third energy level to another atom. What is the symbol of the resulting aluminum ion?

Explanation

During a chemical change, an aluminum atom can lose its 3 electrons in the third energy level to another atom, resulting in a positive charge. The symbol for a positively charged ion is represented by adding a plus sign after the element symbol. Therefore, the symbol of the resulting aluminum ion is Al3+.

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29. Alkali metals are the most reactive of all the metals because they have ____ electron(s) in their outer energy level

Explanation

Alkali metals are the most reactive of all the metals because they have 1 electron in their outer energy level. This single electron is easily lost, allowing the alkali metals to readily form positive ions and participate in chemical reactions. The low ionization energy of alkali metals is due to the electron's relatively weak attraction to the positively charged nucleus, making it easier to remove.

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30. Which of the following has the LEAST mass?

Explanation

The electron has the least mass compared to the other options. Electrons are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a very small mass, approximately 1/1836th the mass of a proton or neutron. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom and have a much larger mass compared to electrons. Therefore, the electron has the least mass among the given options.

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31. The element _____________ is a metalloid.

Explanation

Silicon, Si, is a metalloid because it exhibits properties of both metals and nonmetals. It is a semiconductor, meaning it can conduct electricity under certain conditions but not as well as a metal. Silicon also has a shiny appearance like a metal, but it is brittle like a nonmetal. Additionally, silicon forms covalent bonds with other elements, similar to nonmetals. These characteristics classify silicon as a metalloid.

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32. Which of the following elements does NOT exist as a diatomic molecule?

Explanation

Argon does not exist as a diatomic molecule. Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms of the same element. Oxygen, nitrogen, and iodine all exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental forms (O2, N2, and I2, respectively). However, argon exists as a monatomic gas, meaning it exists as single atoms rather than pairs of atoms.

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33. The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ____ bond.

Explanation

Ionic bonds are formed when there is a strong force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. In this type of bond, one atom donates electrons to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. These ions are held together by electrostatic forces, creating a stable bond. Therefore, the correct answer is ionic.

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34. Which of the following groups have a complete set of electrons in their outer energy level?

Explanation

Noble gases have a complete set of electrons in their outer energy level. This is because they have a full valence shell, meaning they have achieved a stable electron configuration. Noble gases have little to no reactivity due to their stable electron arrangement. In contrast, alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and halogens all have incomplete outer energy levels and are therefore more reactive as they try to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

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35. Atoms that are isotopes of each other

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that they have the same atomic number and chemical properties. The only difference between isotopes is their atomic mass. Therefore, atoms that are isotopes of each other are still the same element.

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36. Atoms of one group of nonmetals, the noble gases, have ____ electrons in their outer energy level.

Explanation

Noble gases are known for their stability and lack of reactivity due to having a complete set of electrons in their outer energy level. This means that they have the maximum number of electrons allowed in that level, making it a complete set.

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37. Which of the following is the LEAST reactive

Explanation

Noble gases are the least reactive among the given options. This is because they have a full outer electron shell, making them stable and less likely to form chemical bonds with other elements. Alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and halogens all have incomplete outer electron shells, making them more likely to react and form bonds in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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38. The group of unreactive nonmetals is calle

Explanation

The group of unreactive nonmetals is called noble gases. Noble gases are a group of chemical elements that have a full complement of valence electrons, making them very stable and unreactive. They are located in Group 18 of the periodic table and include elements such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Due to their stable electron configuration, noble gases rarely form compounds with other elements and are known for their low reactivity.

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39. Isotopes exist because atoms of the same element can have different numbers of

Explanation

Isotopes exist because atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron number results in variations in atomic mass. The number of electrons in an atom remains the same for a given element, as it determines the element's chemical properties. Therefore, the correct answer is neutrons.

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40. A lithium atom has 3 protons, 3 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which of the following sets of particles represents an isotope of this atom?

Explanation

An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. In this case, the correct answer is 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons because it has the same number of protons as a lithium atom (3) but differs in the number of neutrons (3 instead of 4) while maintaining the same number of electrons (3). This makes it an isotope of lithium.

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41. Diamond, the hardest material known, is a natural form of an element in the

Explanation

Diamond is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a specific crystal lattice structure, making it the hardest material known. The boron group consists of elements such as boron, aluminum, gallium, etc., which do not form diamonds. Similarly, the nitrogen and oxygen groups do not include elements that can form diamonds. Therefore, the correct answer is carbon group, as diamond is a natural form of carbon.

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42. An atom becomes an ion when

Explanation

An atom becomes an ion when there are unequal numbers of protons and electrons. This is because ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a difference in the number of protons and electrons. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and forms a negative ion (anion), while if it loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and forms a positive ion (cation). Therefore, the correct answer is that there are unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

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43. What type of element tends to lose electrons when it forms bonds?

Explanation

Metals tend to lose electrons when they form bonds. This is because metals have few valence electrons and a low ionization energy, making it easier for them to lose electrons and achieve a stable electron configuration. By losing electrons, metals form positive ions, known as cations, which can then bond with other elements to form compounds.

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44. A sodium ion has a charge of 1+ because it contains

Explanation

A sodium ion has a charge of 1+ because it contains 1 more proton than electrons. This is because sodium is a positively charged ion, meaning it has lost an electron. Since protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge, having more protons than electrons results in a positive charge. Therefore, the sodium ion has a charge of 1+ due to the imbalance of protons and electrons.

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45. Each square on the periodic table includes an element's

Explanation

Each square on the periodic table includes the name of the element, its chemical symbol, its atomic number, and its atomic mass. The name of the element allows us to identify it, while the chemical symbol provides a shorthand representation. The atomic number indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity. The atomic mass represents the average mass of all the isotopes of the element, taking into account their abundance. Therefore, the correct answer is name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

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46. Which of the following describes what happens when an atom becomes an ion with a 2– charge?

Explanation

When an atom becomes an ion with a 2- charge, it means that the atom has gained 2 extra electrons. This occurs when the atom accepts 2 electrons from another atom or molecule. The addition of these electrons gives the atom a negative charge, as electrons are negatively charged particles. Therefore, the correct answer is that the atom gains 2 electrons.

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47. Most metals are good conductors of

Explanation

Metals are good conductors of both thermal energy and electric current. This is due to the presence of free electrons in the metal's atomic structure. These free electrons can easily move through the metal, allowing for the transfer of both heat and electricity. Therefore, the correct answer is both (a) and (b).

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48. Which of the following is a true statement about elements?

Explanation

The statement "Each element has a unique atomic nature" is true because each element is characterized by its atomic number, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. This atomic number determines the element's unique properties, such as its chemical behavior and physical characteristics. Additionally, elements are defined by the number of protons in their atoms, and any change in the number of protons would result in a different element. Therefore, each element has its own distinct atomic nature.

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49. An atom of aluminum-27 will have all of the following EXCEPT

Explanation

An atom of aluminum-27 will have 13 protons, 13 electrons, and an atomic number of 13 because the atomic number is determined by the number of protons in an atom. However, the number of neutrons can vary in different isotopes of an element. Aluminum-27 is an isotope of aluminum, and it has 13 protons and 14 neutrons, not 13 neutrons.

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50. Why are alkaline-earth metals less reactive than alkali metals?

Explanation

Alkaline-earth metals are less reactive than alkali metals because it is more difficult for atoms to give away two electrons than to give away one electron. Alkali metals have only one valence electron, which is loosely held and easily given away to form a positive ion. On the other hand, alkaline-earth metals have two valence electrons, which are more tightly held by the nucleus and require more energy to be removed. This makes it more difficult for alkaline-earth metals to lose electrons and hence they are less reactive compared to alkali metals.

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51. Which pair of atoms can form an ionic bond?

Explanation

Potassium (K) and fluorine (F) can form an ionic bond because potassium readily donates one electron to fluorine, resulting in a complete transfer of electrons and the formation of K+ and F- ions. The opposite charges of the ions attract each other, creating a strong electrostatic force that holds the ions together in an ionic bond.

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52. In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that the atom is mostly empty space with a small, massive, positively charged center because

Explanation

Rutherford concluded that the atom is mostly empty space with a small, massive, positively charged center because most of the particles passed straight through the foil, some particles were slightly deflected, and a few particles bounced back. These results indicated that the positive charge and mass of the atom were concentrated in a small region, which he called the nucleus, while the majority of the atom was empty space.

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53. The current model of the atom suggests that

Explanation

The current model of the atom suggests that electron clouds surround the nucleus. This is based on the concept of electron probability distribution, where electrons are more likely to be found in certain regions around the nucleus. The electron cloud model allows for the understanding of electron behavior and the formation of chemical bonds. It also explains phenomena such as electron energy levels and electron interactions. This model replaces the older idea of electrons traveling in definite paths around the nucleus, as it is now understood that the exact path of a moving electron cannot be predicted.

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54. Atoms ____ to have a filled outermost energy level.

Explanation

Atoms bond to have a filled outermost energy level. When atoms bond, they share, gain, or lose electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. By doing so, they can fill their outermost energy level, also known as the valence shell, which is the most energetically favorable state for an atom. This allows the atoms to become more stable and lower their overall energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "bond".

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55. Why are halogens considered to be the most reactive group of nonmetals?

Explanation

Halogens are considered to be the most reactive group of nonmetals because their atoms have seven valence electrons and need only one more electron to complete their outer level and achieve a stable electron configuration. This makes them highly reactive and eager to gain one electron by accepting it from other elements, forming stable compounds.

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56. Who performed an experiment proving the existence of an atomic nucleus?

Explanation

Rutherford performed the famous gold foil experiment in 1911, which provided evidence for the existence of an atomic nucleus. In this experiment, he directed a beam of alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observed that some particles were deflected at large angles or even bounced back. This unexpected result led Rutherford to conclude that atoms have a small, dense, and positively charged nucleus at their center, which contains most of the mass of the atom. This experiment revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and established Rutherford as the scientist who proved the existence of an atomic nucleus.

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57. An element that is very reactive gas is most likely a member of the

Explanation

Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table that are highly reactive gases. They include elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. These elements have a tendency to gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, making them highly reactive. This reactivity is due to their high electronegativity and the presence of seven valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Therefore, an element that is a very reactive gas is most likely a member of the halogens.

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58. Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms joined by a(n) ____ bond.

Explanation

Diatomic molecules are formed when two atoms of the same element bond together. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons, which is the case in diatomic molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is covalent.

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59. Which of the following metals is most reactive?

Explanation

Lithium (Li) is the most reactive metal among the given options. This is because it belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, known as the alkali metals, which are highly reactive due to their low ionization energies. Lithium has the lowest ionization energy among the options, meaning it requires the least amount of energy to remove an electron and form a positive ion. This high reactivity makes lithium more likely to readily react with other elements or compounds compared to calcium (Ca) and titanium (Ti), which are less reactive.

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60. Which of the following sets of particles represents an ion?

Explanation

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. In the given sets of particles, the only set that represents an ion is 19 protons, 19 neutrons, and 18 electrons. This is because the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, indicating that one electron has been lost, resulting in a positive charge.

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61. Making aluminum foil demonstrates

Explanation

Making aluminum foil involves rolling or hammering aluminum into thin sheets. This process requires the metal to be easily shaped and flattened without breaking. Malleability refers to the ability of a material to be bent or shaped without breaking, and aluminum exhibits this property. Therefore, the correct answer is malleability.

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62. The isotope of uranium used in nuclear reactors, uranium-235, contains 92 protons. Another isotope, uranium-238, contains ____ electrons.

Explanation

Uranium-235 contains 92 protons, which determines its atomic number. The atomic number also represents the number of electrons in an atom when it is neutral. Therefore, uranium-238, being another isotope of uranium, would also contain 92 electrons.

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63. Which element would be the most reactive with potassium?

Explanation

Bromine (Br) would be the most reactive with potassium because bromine is a halogen and halogens are known to be highly reactive with alkali metals like potassium. This is due to the fact that halogens have a strong tendency to gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, while alkali metals have a strong tendency to lose one electron. Therefore, the reaction between bromine and potassium would result in the transfer of electrons, making bromine the most reactive element in this given list.

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64. Which element would be the most reactive with oxygen?

Explanation

Sodium (Na) would be the most reactive with oxygen because it is a highly reactive metal. It belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, which is known as the alkali metals. Alkali metals are very reactive because they have only one valence electron, which they readily give away to form positive ions. Sodium readily reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide (Na2O), a compound that is commonly known as sodium peroxide. This reaction is highly exothermic and can even result in a fire if not controlled properly.

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65. In Thomson's "plum-pudding" model of the atom, the plums represent

Explanation

In Thomson's "plum-pudding" model of the atom, the plums represent electrons. This model suggests that the atom is made up of a positively charged "pudding" with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, resembling plums in a pudding. This was proposed by J.J. Thomson in the early 20th century and was later replaced by the more accurate model of the atom with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting around it.

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66. Which type of element is most likely to gain electrons when it forms bonds?

Explanation

Nonmetals are most likely to gain electrons when they form bonds. This is because nonmetals have a higher electronegativity, which means they have a stronger attraction for electrons. By gaining electrons, nonmetals can achieve a stable electron configuration and become negatively charged ions. This allows them to form bonds with other elements, typically by accepting electrons from metals or sharing electrons with other nonmetals.

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67. Alkaline-earth metals ____ than alkali metals.

Explanation

Alkaline-earth metals have greater density than alkali metals because they have a higher atomic mass and more closely packed atoms in their crystal lattice structure. This results in a higher mass per unit volume, leading to a greater density.

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68. The wires in your home's electrical devices demonstrate a metal's property of

Explanation

The wires in your home's electrical devices demonstrate a metal's property of conductivity because they allow the flow of electric current. They also demonstrate the property of malleability because they can be easily shaped or bent without breaking. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both (a) and (b)".

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69. Atomic mass is calculated by finding the

Explanation

Atomic mass is calculated by finding the weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element. This means that the atomic mass takes into account the abundance (or frequency) of each isotope in nature. Isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Since different isotopes of an element have different masses, their contribution to the overall atomic mass is weighted based on their abundance. Therefore, the atomic mass represents the average mass of all the isotopes of an element found in nature.

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70. What happens when  you mix an ionic compound with water?

Explanation

When an ionic compound is mixed with water, the positive and negative ions of the compound are attracted to the polar water molecules. The water molecules surround the ions, with the oxygen atom of water attracting the positive ion and the hydrogen atoms attracting the negative ion. This attraction causes the ions to separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. This process is known as hydration and results in the dissolution of the ionic compound in water. Therefore, the correct answer is that molecules of water attract each of the ions and pull them away from another.

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71. How can you distinguish between isotopes?

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Therefore, by looking at the mass number, one can distinguish between isotopes. The atomic number only gives information about the number of protons, which is the same for all isotopes of an element.

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72. Thomson's model of the atom resembled

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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73. Which of the following is NOT a metallic property?

Explanation

A hard and brittle texture is not a metallic property because metals are typically malleable and ductile, meaning they can be flattened and shaped without breaking. Additionally, metals have high density and are good conductors of electricity. However, a hard and brittle texture is more commonly associated with nonmetals or certain types of ceramics, which tend to be rigid and easily breakable.

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74. Ionic compounds break when hit with a hammer because

Explanation

Ionic compounds break when hit with a hammer because neither the positive ions nor the negative ions are free to move. Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces between the positively charged ions and the negatively charged ions. When a hammer strikes the compound, the force applied is greater than the strength of these forces, causing the crystal lattice structure to break. Since the ions are not free to move, they cannot rearrange themselves to absorb the impact, resulting in the compound breaking apart.

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75. The size of atoms

Explanation

Atoms vary widely in size. This is because atoms are made up of different elements, and each element has a different number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The size of an atom is determined by the arrangement of these particles and the overall size of the nucleus. Some atoms, like hydrogen, are very small, while others, like uranium, are much larger. Therefore, the size of atoms can vary greatly depending on the element they belong to.

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76. Which statement about the Periodic Table is NOT true?

Explanation

The statement "The metalloids are located in Groups 13 through 16" is not true. Metalloids are actually located in a diagonal strip between metals and nonmetals on the Periodic Table. They are found in Groups 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, not just Groups 13 through 16.

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77. Which of the following statements describes isotopes?

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. Therefore, all of the statements provided in the options are correct and describe isotopes.

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78. Which of the following is NOT found on the Periodic Table?

Explanation

The atomic mass of each element is not found on the Periodic Table. The Periodic Table provides information about the atomic number, symbol, and density of each element, but not the atomic mass. The atomic mass of an element is a decimal value that represents the average mass of all the isotopes of that element, taking into account their abundance. This value can vary slightly depending on the isotopic composition of the element, which is why it is not included in the Periodic Table.

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In the periodic table, elements are classified as ____ according to...
A potassium ion has 19 protons and 18 electrons, so it has a charge of
An atom of oxygen with 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons would...
Atoms are composed of
Neutrons are particles that
An iron griddle can cook your favorite foods on a stove because it has...
If a boron atom has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons, it has a...
What is the charge of an ion that contains 12 protons and 10...
Which class of elements are also called semiconductors?
Groups 3–12 are commonly referred to as
Atoms that _____ form positive ions.
What particles make up a nucleus?
Which of the following is NOT found on the periodic table?
Which statement is true?
Electrons are particles that
____ are formed by atoms losing electrons.
On the periodic table, a row of elements is called a(n)
When a chlorine atom becomes Cl–, it ____ in the third energy...
Most of the elements in the periodic table are
On the periodic table, a column of elements is called
How many protons does an atom with an atomic number of 23 and a mass...
An atom has no overall charge if it contains equal numbers of
What is the charge of an ion that contains 16 protons and 18...
Which statement about neutrons is true?
You can see your reflection in a mirror because metals tend to be
Which of the following determines the identity of an element?
An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons would...
During chemical changes, an aluminum atom can lose its 3 electrons in...
Alkali metals are the most reactive of all the metals because they...
Which of the following has the LEAST mass?
The element _____________ is a metalloid.
Which of the following elements does NOT exist as a diatomic molecule?
The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ____...
Which of the following groups have a complete set of electrons in...
Atoms that are isotopes of each other
Atoms of one group of nonmetals, the noble gases, have ____ electrons...
Which of the following is the LEAST reactive
The group of unreactive nonmetals is calle
Isotopes exist because atoms of the same element can have different...
A lithium atom has 3 protons, 3 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which of...
Diamond, the hardest material known, is a natural form of an element...
An atom becomes an ion when
What type of element tends to lose electrons when it forms bonds?
A sodium ion has a charge of 1+ because it contains
Each square on the periodic table includes an element's
Which of the following describes what happens when an atom becomes an...
Most metals are good conductors of
Which of the following is a true statement about elements?
An atom of aluminum-27 will have all of the following EXCEPT
Why are alkaline-earth metals less reactive than alkali metals?
Which pair of atoms can form an ionic bond?
In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that the atom is...
The current model of the atom suggests that
Atoms ____ to have a filled outermost energy level.
Why are halogens considered to be the most reactive group of...
Who performed an experiment proving the existence of an atomic...
An element that is very reactive gas is most likely a member of the
Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms joined by a(n) ____ bond.
Which of the following metals is most reactive?
Which of the following sets of particles represents an ion?
Making aluminum foil demonstrates
The isotope of uranium used in nuclear reactors, uranium-235, contains...
Which element would be the most reactive with potassium?
Which element would be the most reactive with oxygen?
In Thomson's "plum-pudding" model of the atom, the plums represent
Which type of element is most likely to gain electrons when it forms...
Alkaline-earth metals ____ than alkali metals.
The wires in your home's electrical devices demonstrate a...
Atomic mass is calculated by finding the
What happens when  you mix an ionic compound with water?
How can you distinguish between isotopes?
Thomson's model of the atom resembled
Which of the following is NOT a metallic property?
Ionic compounds break when hit with a hammer because
The size of atoms
Which statement about the Periodic Table is NOT true?
Which of the following statements describes isotopes?
Which of the following is NOT found on the Periodic Table?
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