Chapter 4 Quiz

The correct answer is "Achieved" because it refers to statuses that individuals acquire through their own efforts and accomplishments. These statuses are not assigned at birth or based on characteristics that individuals have no control over. Instead, they are earned through hard work, skills, abilities, and personal achievements.

For a group of people to be classified as a "society," they must share both culture and a territory. Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors that define a group of people, while a territory refers to a specific geographical area where the group resides. These two factors are essential for the formation and functioning of a society as they provide a common identity and a physical space for social interaction and organization. Without a shared culture and a territory, it would be difficult for a group of people to establish and maintain a cohesive society.

Social class is determined by various factors such as education, occupational prestige, and income. These factors reflect an individual's socioeconomic status and their position in society. However, race is not a contributing factor in determining someone's social class. While race can influence certain aspects of a person's life, such as access to resources and opportunities, it does not directly determine their social class. Social class is primarily determined by economic and educational factors rather than racial identity.

A master status is a status that cuts across all other statuses one holds. It is a dominant status that overrides other statuses and is often seen as the most important or defining characteristic of an individual. It can shape a person's identity and influence how they are perceived and treated by others. This term is commonly used in sociology to describe the significant role that a particular status plays in a person's life.

The given answer is plow/microchip. This analogy suggests that the plow was a crucial tool in agrarian society, enabling efficient farming and the production of food. Similarly, the microchip represents the advancements of the postindustrial society, revolutionizing technology and communication. Both the plow and the microchip played significant roles in their respective societies, driving progress and development.

Postindustrial society refers to a society that has transitioned from an economy focused on manufacturing and industry to one that is primarily driven by the service sector. In a postindustrial society, there is less emphasis on production and more focus on providing services such as healthcare, education, finance, and technology. This shift is often accompanied by advancements in technology and a higher level of specialization in the workforce.

Durkheim believed that the factor that holds an organic society together is the dependence people have on one another to do specialized tasks. In an organic society, individuals have different roles and functions, and they rely on each other's skills and expertise to fulfill these tasks. This interdependence creates a sense of solidarity and cohesion within the society. It is not the adherence to a common political system and societal organization, a shared system of values and beliefs, or a strict code of conduct and discipline that holds an organic society together, but rather the mutual reliance on specialized tasks.

A study on the impact of terrorism on the travel plans of business people would most likely be approached from a macrosociological perspective because it focuses on the broader social factors that influence individuals' behavior. This topic involves analyzing the larger social structures, such as the economy, politics, and cultural norms, that shape the decision-making process of business travelers in response to the threat of terrorism. It examines how these macro-level factors impact the travel industry and the behavior of a large group of people, rather than focusing on individual interactions or specific social norms.

The Amish society, with its close-knit relationships, shared values, and strong social bond, can be considered as an example of a mechanical society according to Durkheim. In a mechanical society, social cohesion is based on similarities and shared collective consciousness. Similarly, Tonnies would classify the Amish society as a Gesellschaft, which refers to a society characterized by impersonal relationships and individualism. This aligns with the idea that the Amish society emphasizes social roles and obligations over personal freedom and individuality.