Chapter 3, Medical Terminology Worksheet, Part 2

Excessive development refers to an abnormal increase in the size or mass of a tissue or organ. Hypertrophy specifically refers to the enlargement of cells, leading to an increase in the size of the affected tissue or organ. This can occur due to factors such as increased workload, hormonal stimulation, or certain diseases. Atrophy, on the other hand, refers to the shrinking or wasting away of tissue or organ due to a decrease in cell size or number. Therefore, the correct answer is hypertrophy.

The correct answer is "laryngeal" because it is the term that specifically relates to the voice box. "Laryngael" and "peritoneal" are not relevant to the voice box and do not pertain to it in any way.

An erythrocyte is a type of red blood cell. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to different parts of the body. They are called erythrocytes because they contain a red pigment called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives the cells their red color. Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell in the body and play a crucial role in maintaining oxygen balance and overall health.

Cardiomyopathy is the correct answer because it refers to a disease of the heart muscle. This condition weakens and enlarges the heart, making it harder for the heart to pump blood and can lead to heart failure. Cardiogram is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart, while cardiomyelopathy is not a recognized medical term.

Phlebotomy refers to the process of making an incision in a vein, usually for the purpose of drawing blood or administering fluids or medications. It is a common medical procedure performed by healthcare professionals such as nurses or phlebotomists. The other options, phlebostomy and phlebotropy, are not recognized medical terms and do not accurately describe the process of making an incision in a vein.

The correct answer is laparotomy. Laparotomy refers to the surgical incision of the abdomen. It is a procedure commonly performed to gain access to the abdominal cavity for various surgical interventions, such as organ removal, biopsy, or repair. Phlebotomy is the process of drawing blood from a vein, while tracheotomy involves creating an opening in the trachea to facilitate breathing. However, in the given context, the most appropriate procedure for an incision of the abdomen is laparotomy.

Blepharoptosis refers to the condition of drooping or sagging of the eyelid. This can occur due to various reasons such as weakened muscles, nerve damage, or trauma. It can affect one or both eyelids and can lead to vision obstruction or cosmetic concerns. Basophil, on the other hand, is a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and immune responses. Therefore, blepharoptosis is the correct answer for the given question.

The correct answer is "inguinal." This term refers to something that is related to or located in the groin area. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe structures or conditions in the lower abdomen and upper thigh region.

Thrombocytopenia is the correct answer because it refers to a deficiency of clotting cells, specifically platelets. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can result in impaired blood clotting and an increased risk of bleeding. Erythrocytes and leukocytes are not directly involved in clotting, so they are not the correct answers in this context.

The process described in the question involves the removal of living tissue for examination under a microscope. This procedure is commonly known as a biopsy. A biopsy is performed to diagnose or determine the nature of a disease or condition by examining the cellular structure of the tissue sample. Both boipsy and necropsy are incorrect options as they do not accurately describe the process of examining living tissue under a microscope.

Metastasis refers to the spread of a cancerous tumor from its original site to other parts of the body. It occurs when cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors in different organs or tissues. This process is beyond control as it is a natural progression of cancer and can lead to the development of secondary tumors, making it a significant factor in the prognosis and treatment of cancer patients.

The correct answer is "pneumonia" because it is the correct spelling of the disease of the lung. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, causing symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. The other options, "pnuemonia" and "pulmonia," are misspelled variations of the correct term.

The correct answer is peritoneal. This term refers to the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. It is responsible for providing protection and support to the abdominal organs. The other options, pulmonary and abdominary, do not accurately describe the membrane surrounding the abdomen.

A cystocele is a type of hernia of the urinary bladder where the bladder bulges into the vagina. This condition occurs when the muscles and tissues that support the bladder weaken, often due to childbirth, aging, or chronic straining. The correct answer, cystocele, accurately describes this specific type of hernia involving the urinary bladder.

Mastectomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical removal of the breast tissue. This procedure is commonly performed for the treatment of breast cancer or as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer. Mastecstomy and mammotomy are not valid medical terms, so they are incorrect answers.

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Hydronephrosis is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal condition of fluid build-up in the kidney. This condition occurs when urine cannot properly drain from the kidney to the bladder, causing the kidney to become swollen and enlarged. Hydronephrosis can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, or urinary tract obstructions. It is important to diagnose and treat hydronephrosis promptly to prevent any further damage to the kidney.

Metastasis refers to the spread of a malignant tumor from its original site to other parts of the body. This process occurs when cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and establish new tumors in distant organs or tissues. It is a critical stage in cancer progression and can significantly impact treatment options and prognosis.

The term "otalgia" refers to ear pain. It is derived from the Greek words "oto" meaning ear and "algia" meaning pain. Therefore, otalgia is the correct term to describe ear pain.

Angiogenesis is the correct answer because it refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This process is essential for various physiological and pathological processes, such as wound healing, embryonic development, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis involves the sprouting and branching of new blood vessels from existing ones, allowing for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Neutrophils are a type of granulocytic white blood cell that destroy cells by engulfing and digesting them. They are also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neutrophils are an important part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against infections. They are highly efficient in phagocytosis, the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or pathogens. Eosinophils and basophils are also types of granulocytic white blood cells, but they have different functions and are not primarily responsible for engulfing and digesting cells like neutrophils.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a record of electrical activity in the brain. It is a non-invasive procedure that involves placing electrodes on the scalp to measure and record the electrical signals produced by the brain's neurons. These signals, known as brainwaves, can provide valuable information about brain function and can be used to diagnose various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain tumors. The term "electroencephalogram" accurately describes the procedure and the resulting record of brain activity.

Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). This process can occur due to various factors such as infection, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. When RBCs are destroyed, they release their contents, including hemoglobin, into the bloodstream. This can lead to the release of iron and bilirubin, causing symptoms such as jaundice and anemia. Therefore, hemolysis is the correct answer in this case as it specifically describes the destruction of RBCs.

A small vein is referred to as a venule. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it to larger veins. They are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules have thinner walls compared to larger veins and lack smooth muscle, which allows them to easily exchange fluids and substances with surrounding tissues.

Tracheostomy is the correct answer because it refers to the new opening of the windpipe to the outside of the body. This procedure is often performed when there is a blockage or obstruction in the upper airway, or when a person requires long-term mechanical ventilation. During a tracheostomy, a surgical incision is made in the front of the neck, and a tube is inserted into the trachea to allow for breathing. Tracheotomy and trecheostomy are incorrect spellings of the same procedure.

Leukopenia refers to a condition where there is a deficiency in white blood cells. This can be caused by various factors such as certain medications, viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or bone marrow disorders. Leukopenia can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. Therefore, leukopenia is the correct answer as it directly relates to the deficiency in white blood cells mentioned in the question.

Platelet is the correct answer because it is another term for clotting cells. Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments that help in the clotting process by forming a plug to stop bleeding. Thrombocytes and platelets are interchangeable terms used to describe these clotting cells. Thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, refers to a condition where there is a low number of platelets in the blood.