Chapter 3: Botany
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- 1.In angiosperms, the endosperm functions in
- A.
Pollen formation
- B.
Fruit formation
- C.
Seed coat formation
- D.
Nourishment of the embryo
- E.
Direction of the growth of the pollen tube
- 2.Which of the following features of angiosperms has probably contributed most to their evolutionary success relative to all other land plant groups?
- A.
Phloem
- B.
Cutinized aerial surfaces
- C.
Flowers and fruits
- D.
True leaves and roots
- E.
Xylem
- 3.Only female gametes are produced in which of the following structures?
- A.
Antheridia
- B.
Stamens
- C.
Protonemata
- D.
Flowers
- E.
Archegonia
- 4.
- A.
Both are produce as secondary growth by vascular cambium.
- B.
Both have companion cells.
- C.
Both are found in bryophytes.
- D.
Both conduct glucose in the plant.
- E.
Both actively move fluids up and down stems.
- 5.Which of the following factors is most important in the movement of water up a tall tree?
- A.
Guttation
- B.
Capillarity in the phloem
- C.
Air pressure
- D.
Leaf transpiration
- E.
Active transport in the xylem
- 6.Which of the following tissue types gives rise to all other plant tissue?
- A.
Parenchyma
- B.
Sclerenchyma
- C.
Collenchyma
- D.
Xylem
- E.
Phloem
- 7.Sieve cells differ from tracheids in that only sieve cell are
- A.
Considered living cells
- B.
Involved in transporting water and ions
- C.
Found in vascular plants
- D.
Found in the outer cortex of the stem
- E.
Found in the center of the stem
- 8.The result of meiosis in angiosperms is the production of
- A.
Gametes
- B.
A haploid sporophyte
- C.
A diploid sporophyte
- D.
A diploid gametophyte
- E.
Haploid megaspores and microspores
- 9.All of the following are plant-growth regulators EXCEPT
- A.
Ethylene
- B.
Indoleacetic acid
- C.
Abscisic acid
- D.
Cytokinins
- E.
Anthocyanin
- 10.
- A.
Is made mostly of meristematic tissue used for the storage of food
- B.
Can be stimulated to germinate by an application of abscisic acid
- C.
Forms from the union of a microspore mother cell with a megaspore mother cell
- D.
Shows the presence of a well-developed coleoptile
- E.
Contains a first-foliage plumule formed at the apical meristem
- 11.Which of the following most directly controls the flowering response in short-day plants?
- A.
Length of the light period
- B.
Length of the dark period
- C.
Relative amount of blue light available during the light period
- D.
Intensity of light during the light period
- E.
Air temperature during the dark period
- 12.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a factor in the movement of water through a terrestrial plant?
- A.
The cohesion of water
- B.
The influence of gibberellin on cell expansion
- C.
Capillary action
- D.
Root pressure
- E.
The evaporation of water from the leaves
- 13.A scientist measured the water content of leaves from two different groups of oak trees on three different summer days. One group of leaves, the T group, came from trees that had been defoliated by gypsy moths the previous year. The other leaves, the C group, came from trees that had not been defoliated. The results, in milliliters of water per gram of dry weight, are shown in the table below. June 10 June 30 July 28 T Group 26.8 20.4 12.7 C Group 32.5 28.7 22.7 All of the following are valid interpretations of these data EXCEPT
- A.
C leaves typically contain more water than do T leaves
- B.
Both C and T leaves show declines in water content as the summer goes on.
- C.
T leaves show greater declines in water content than do C leaves.
- D.
Defoliation by gypsy moths has no effect on the water content of next year’s leaves.
- E.
Differences in the water content between C and T leaves grow greater as the summer goes on.
- 14.Root hairs are extensions of which of the following kinds of cells?
- A.
Cortical
- B.
Xylem
- C.
Phloem
- D.
Epidermal
- E.
Meristematic
- 15.Girdling of a tree by completely removing a ring of bark most directly affects the process of
- A.
Translocation
- B.
Transpiration
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Countercurrent exchange
- E.
Cellular respiration
- 16.Flowering in plants such at tobacco and cocklebur and the germination of certain lettuce seeds are induced primarily by
- A.
Photoperiodism
- B.
Temperature
- C.
Negative feedback
- D.
Circadian rhythms
- E.
Lunar phases
- 17.The movement of water to the top of a 15-meter tree is best explained by
- A.
Transpiration and cohesion
- B.
Root and stem pressure
- C.
Barometric pressure
- D.
Capillary action
- E.
Gravitational flow
- 18.In plants, the cells in which the greatest quantity of organic nutrients are translocated by
- A.
Companion cells
- B.
Tracheids
- C.
Trichomes
- D.
Sieve-tube elements
- E.
Vessel elements
- 19.During germination in most angiosperm seeds, food for the growing embryo is provided by the
- A.
Microgametophyte
- B.
Female gametophyte
- C.
Endosperm
- D.
Hypocotyl
- E.
Ovary
- 20.Phototropism in plants is mediated by what plant growth substance?
- A.
Auxin
- B.
Colchicine
- C.
Chlorophyll
- D.
Ethylene
- E.
Lenticels
- 21.Flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because the
- A.
Process of pollination and fertilization occur in the soil
- B.
Pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs
- C.
Eggs develop without sperm by parthenogenesis
- D.
Eggs have a structure that aids in their dispersal by wind
- E.
Sperm contain large amounts of cytoplasm
- 22.In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the last to occur?
- A.
Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve
- B.
Initiation of cell division in the root meristem
- C.
Emergence of the root
- D.
Expansion and greening of the first true foliage leaves
- E.
Imbibition of water by the see
- 23.The fruit produced by angiosperms is an evolutionary adaptation that most often
- A.
Nourishes the seeds within the fruit on ripening
- B.
Aids in seed dispersal
- C.
Attracts pollinators
- D.
Inhibits seed germination until favorable environmental conditions occur
- E.
Provides an energy source for the plant egg cell prior to fertilization
- 24.Plant stems bend toward a light source as a result of increased
- A.
Chlorophyll synthesis on the side of the stem near the light source
- B.
Cell division on the side of the stem near the light source
- C.
Cell division on the side of the stem away from the light source
- D.
Cell elongation on the side of the stem near the light source
- E.
Cell elongation on the side of the stem away from the light source
- 25.In plants, the initiation of flowering in response to photoperiod is triggered by changes in
- A.
Ethylene
- B.
Auxin
- C.
Gibberellic acid
- D.
Phytochrome
- E.
Cytokinin
- 26.Which of the following describes the mechanism by which a plant stem grows toward light?
- A.
The plant seeks light in order to maximize photosynthesis
- B.
Nervelike impulses stimulate contractile cells on the lighted side of the stem.
- C.
Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side.
- D.
The plant grows into an open area where its leaves will not be shaded by competing plants.
- E.
The greater energy supply on the lighted side of the stem stimulates metabolism and growth on that side.
- 27.Which of the following is an actively dividing tissue in plants?
- A.
Cambium
- B.
Xylem
- C.
Endodermis
- D.
Phloem
- E.
Pith
- 28.Fruits often ripen faster when placed in closed paper bags because of the effect of
- A.
Cytokinin
- B.
Abscisic acid
- C.
CO2
- D.
Gibberellin
- E.
Ethylene
- 29.A major function of the Casparian strip of the endodermal cells of a root is to
- A.
Protect the meristem as the root tip grows through the abrasive soil particles
- B.
Allow for expansion of the vascular cambium as the root grows laterally
- C.
Control the movement of materials into the vascular cylinder of the root
- D.
Initiate lateral root growth
- E.
Serve as a site for the storage of excess sugars in the form of starch
- 30.Which of the following is primarily responsible for cell elongation, gravitropism, and apical dominance in plants?
- A.
Auxin
- B.
Gibberellin
- C.
Cytokinin
- D.
Phytochrome
- E.
Ethylene
- 31.
- A.
Gravity
- B.
A difference in osmotic potential between the source and the sink
- C.
Root pressure
- D.
Transpiration of water through the stomates
- E.
Adhesion of water to vessel elements
- 32.The rate of flow of water through the xylem is regulated by
- A.
Passive transport by the pith
- B.
The force of transpirational pull
- C.
The number of companion cells in the phloem
- D.
Active transport by the sieve-tube members
- E.
Active transport by tracheid and vessel cells
- 33.Is the loss of water vapor through stomata
- A.
Root pressure
- B.
Transpiration
- C.
Translocation
- D.
Adhesion
- E.
Guttation
- 34.Accounts for water being held to the walls of xylem vessels
- A.
Root pressure
- B.
Transpiration
- C.
Translocation
- D.
Adhesion
- E.
Guttation
- 35.Is the exudation of water droplets from the tip of a leaf or stem
- A.
Root pressure
- B.
Transpiration
- C.
Translocation
- D.
Adhesion
- E.
Guttation
- 36.*You will need to be able to label a diagram on Angiosperm Reproduction. 3 questions on it Terms: Root meristem, Male gametophyte, Triploid nutritive tissue (endosperm)
- A.
Correct Answer
- B.
Incorrect(1)
- C.
Incorrect(2)
- D.
Incorrect(3)
- E.
Incorrect(4)
- 37.The rate of transpiration, the flow of water through the stem, and leaf water potential are measured in a tree during a 24-hour period under normal environmental conditions *This is the description to a graph thay talks about transpiration and Stam Flow based on the Time of day; It relates to the plant lab we did where we had 5 different groups taking 5 different readings. You will need to know this, there are 3 questions on it.
- A.
Correct
- B.
Incorrect(1)
- C.
Incorrect(2)
- D.
Incorrect(3)
- E.
Incorrect(4)
- 38.*there is a chart on Growth of Plant Seedlings, you will need to know what different concentrations of chemicals and other biofactors do to growth; 3 Questions on it.
- A.
Correct
- B.
Incorrect(1)
- C.
Incorrect(2)
- D.
Incorrect(3)
- E.
Incorrect(4)
- 39.
- A.
Correct
- B.
Incorrect(1)
- C.
Incorrect(2)
- D.
Incorrect(3)
- E.
Incorrect(4)
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