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Stroma
Cuticle
Meristem
Xylem
Cambium
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Chlorophyll and water.
Electrons and protons.
Sugar and oxygen.
Sugar and water.
Chlorophyll and oxygen.
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The endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
The nucleus
Vacuoles
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Conduction and protection.
Storage and conduction.
Anchorage and storage.
Anchorage and absorption.
Anchorage and conduction.
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Growth in height
Growth of the root into the soil
Growth in thickness
Growth of the cuticle
Lengthwise growth of the leaf
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It occurs only in plants, algae and some bacteria
It requires chlorophyll
It involves the conversion of chemical energy into light
It involves a flow of electrons between molecules
It makes energy available to all living organisms
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Lack genetic material
Evolved from eukaryotic cells
Are heterotrophic
Lack a nuclear envelope
Are larger than eukaryotic cells
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Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c
Bacteriochlorophyll
Chlorobium Chlorophyll
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Chlorophyll a
Carotenoids
Phycobilins
Bacteriochlorophyll
Chlorobium chlorophyll
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Localized death of tissues.
Yellowing of leaves.
Loss of chlorophyll.
Development of tumors.
Healing of wounds.
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Aerobic atmosphere
Anaerobic atmosphere
Oxygen-rich environment
Frigid environment
Sunless environment
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Mitochondria
Chromoplasts
Microbodies
Chloroplasts
Golgi bodies
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The light–dependent reaction
Photolysis
Cyclic photophosphorylation
Carbon fixation
C3 Photosynthesis
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Carbon dioxide
Water
Glucose
CH20
C3H3O3
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Mobility within the cell
Two surrounding membranes
Circular DNA molecules
Chlorophyll in the cristae
Ribosomes in the liquid matrix
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Spores
Zygotes
Storage products
Filaments
Cell wall components
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The soil.
The ocean.
Living organisms.
Dead organic material.
The atmosphere.
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The atmosphere became aerobic
The ozone layer was formed
Prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells
The process of respiration could take place
The oxygen content of the atmosphere increased
Sucrose
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
Rubisco
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
An unstable six-carbon compound.
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An alternative name for the protoplast
The portion of the protoplast outside the nucleus
The portion of the ground substance in which actin filaments and the microtubules are suspended
The membrane surrounding the vacuole
An association of actin filaments and microtubules
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It is merely one part of a continuous spectrum of radiation
It is composed of photons
It has the properties of both a wave and a particle.
The longer the wavelength, the higher the energy of light
Visible light accounts for most of the radiation reaching the surface of the earth.
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Epidermis.
Ground tissues.
Protodem.
Xylem and phloem.
Primary meristems.
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Phellem
Phellogen
Phelloderm
Epidermis
Cork cambium
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
3-phosphoglycerate.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
NADP+.
ADP.
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Plasma membrane
Golgi body
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton
Flagellum
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A lipid droplet
A tannin
A starch grain
An ATP molecule
An anthrocyanin
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Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate; C5
Oxaloacetate; C4
3-phosphoglycerate; C3
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; C3
Rubisco; C4
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Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Procambium
Ground meristem
Protoderm
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It results from the activity of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
It is responsible for the increase in girth of a plant.
It can occur simultaneously with primary growth.
Most monocots exhibit considerable secondary growth.
Herbaceous plants undergo little or no secondary growth.
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Blue and green
Green and violet
Blue violet
Violet and green
Green and red
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They lack membrane-bounded organelles.
They have a single, circular chromosome in the nucleoid.
They have a simple cytoskeleton.
They may contain extra chromosomal DNA as plasmids.
They lack a nuclear envelope.
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Stroma
Cristae
Matrix
Protoplast
Grana
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Photosynthesis occurs in two phases
Water is the source of oxygen in photosynthesis
Plants evolve oxygen during photosynthesis
Purple sulfur bacteria evolve oxygen during photosynthesis
The light-dependent reactions are carried out by enzymes
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Lumen of the thylakoid; thylakoid
Chloroplast stroma; outer chloroplast
Chloroplast stroma; thylakoid
Chloroplast matrix; inner chloroplast
Cytosol; inner mitochondrial
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Lumen of the thylakoid.
Chloroplast stroma
Thylakoid membrane.
Cytoplasm.
Mitochondrial matrix.
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They are storage sites for metabolites
They are filled with cell sap
They have functions comparable to those of lysosomes
They often fill much of the interior of a mature plant cell
They contain deposits of carotenoid pigments
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Nitrosomonas.
Nitrobacter.
Ammonifying bacteria and fungi.
Denitrifying bacteria.
Plant roots.
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Companion cells only.
Sieve cells only.
Sieve-tube elements only.
Sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.
Companion cells, sieve cells, and sieve-tube elements.
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Ammonification
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Conversion of nitrite to ammonium
Nitrogen mineralization
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Photosystem I.
Photosystem II.
The photosynthetic electron transport chain.
Cyclic electron flow.
The water-splitting enzyme.
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NH4+
NO3−
NO2−
N2
Amino acids
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Desert areas
Bogs and closed environmental niches
Street corners
Artic areas
None of the above
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Leucoplast
Basal body
Peroxisome
Vacuole
Microtubule
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They are heterotrophic organisms.
Most are multicellular.
They are more closely related to plants than to animals.
The largest living organism may be a fungus.
Only the insects have a greater number of species.
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Water moves out of guard cells.
Water moves into guard cells.
Guard cell turgor pressure decreases.
Guard cell solute concentration declines.
Guard cell water potential increases.
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Carotenes
Xanthophylls
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c
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Differentiate more quickly.
Are located in the shoot apical meristem.
Are located in the root apical meristem.
Undergo cell division.
Give rise to more initials and derivatives.
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Uses O2 as a substrate.
Uses CO2 as a substrate.
Operates inefficiently when the CO2 concentration is low.
Is active only in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells.
Catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate.
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