This Is The Botany Pre-test.
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When it comes to taking an exam most of us get cold feet on how ready you are. The botany pretest below is designed to help you get rid that. Give it a shot and see where you stand when it comes to the possibility of getting an A in the final exam.
- 1.1. Which statement on photosynthesis is NOT Correct?
- A.
It occurs only in plants, algae and some bacteria
- B.
It requires chlorophyll
- C.
It involves the conversion of chemical energy into light
- D.
It involves a flow of electrons between molecules
- E.
It makes energy available to all living organisms
- 2.1. The first steps in the evolution of life took place in a (n):
- A.
Aerobic atmosphere
- B.
Anaerobic atmosphere
- C.
Oxygen-rich environment
- D.
Frigid environment
- E.
Sunless environment
- 3.1. All plants are ________ whereas all animals and fungi are________
- A.
Heterotrophs; autotrophs
- B.
Autotrophs; heterotrophs
- C.
Aerobes; anaerobes
- D.
Anaerobes; aerobes
- E.
Energy consumers; energy producers
- 4.1. Which of the following did NOT result from the evolution of photosynthesis?
- A.
The atmosphere became aerobic
- B.
The ozone layer was formed
- C.
Prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells
- D.
The process of respiration could take place
- E.
The oxygen content of the atmosphere increased
- 5.1. All prokaryotic cells:
- A.
Lack genetic material
- B.
Evolved from eukaryotic cells
- C.
Are heterotrophic
- D.
Lack a nuclear envelope
- E.
Are larger than eukaryotic cells
- 6.1. Which of the following is part of the vascular system of a plant?
- A.
Stroma
- B.
Cuticle
- C.
Meristem
- D.
Xylem
- E.
Cambium
- 7.1. Secondary growth is:
- A.
Growth in height
- B.
Growth of the root into the soil
- C.
Growth in thickness
- D.
Growth of the cuticle
- E.
Lengthwise growth of the leaf
- 8.1. The tonoplast of a cell is:
- A.
An alternative name for the protoplast
- B.
The portion of the protoplast outside the nucleus
- C.
The portion of the ground substance in which actin filaments and the microtubules are suspended
- D.
The membrane surrounding the vacuole
- E.
An association of actin filaments and microtubules
- 9.1. Stacks of disklike thylakoids are characteristic features of:
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Chromoplasts
- C.
Microbodies
- D.
Chloroplasts
- E.
Golgi bodies
- 10.1. In the plastid, chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the:
- A.
Stroma
- B.
Cristae
- C.
Matrix
- D.
Protoplast
- E.
Grana
- 11.1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plant mitochondria?
- A.
Mobility within the cell
- B.
Two surrounding membranes
- C.
Circular DNA molecules
- D.
Chlorophyll in the cristae
- E.
Ribosomes in the liquid matrix
- 12.1. The process of respiration occurs in:
- A.
The endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Chloroplasts
- D.
The nucleus
- E.
Vacuoles
- 13.1. An example of a microbody is a:
- A.
Leucoplast
- B.
Basal body
- C.
Peroxisome
- D.
Vacuole
- E.
Microtubule
- 14.
- A.
They are storage sites for metabolites
- B.
They are filled with cell sap
- C.
They have functions comparable to those of lysosomes
- D.
They often fill much of the interior of a mature plant cell
- E.
They contain deposits of carotenoid pigments
- 15.1. The __________ is a membrane system for channeling materials to different parts of the cell.
- A.
Plasma membrane
- B.
Golgi body
- C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Cytoskeleton
- E.
Flagellum
- 16.1. Which of the following is NOT an ergastic substance
- A.
A lipid droplet
- B.
A tannin
- C.
A starch grain
- D.
An ATP molecule
- E.
An anthrocyanin
- 17.1. Which of the following best indicates the sequence of cell wall layers beginning with the layer adjacent to the plasma membrane and progressing outward?
- A.
Primary wall, secondary wall, middle lamella
- B.
Secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamella
- C.
Primary wall, middle lamella, secondary wall
- D.
Secondary wall, middle lamella, primary wall
- E.
Middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wall.
- 18.1. C.B. van Neil was the first to propose that:
- A.
Photosynthesis occurs in two phases
- B.
Water is the source of oxygen in photosynthesis
- C.
Plants evolve oxygen during photosynthesis
- D.
Purple sulfur bacteria evolve oxygen during photosynthesis
- E.
The light-dependent reactions are carried out by enzymes
- 19.1. The conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is called:
- A.
The light–dependent reaction
- B.
Photolysis
- C.
Cyclic photophosphorylation
- D.
Carbon fixation
- E.
C3 Photosynthesis
- 20.1. Which of the following statements about visible light is NOT correct?
- A.
It is merely one part of a continuous spectrum of radiation
- B.
It is composed of photons
- C.
It has the properties of both a wave and a particle.
- D.
The longer the wavelength, the higher the energy of light
- E.
Visible light accounts for most of the radiation reaching the surface of the earth.
- 21.The process of photosynthesis results in the formation of two substances essential to our existence:
- A.
Chlorophyll and water.
- B.
Electrons and protons.
- C.
Sugar and oxygen.
- D.
Sugar and water.
- E.
Chlorophyll and oxygen.
- 22.The O2 evolved in photosynthesis comes from:
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Water
- C.
Glucose
- D.
CH20
- E.
C3H3O3
- 23.Chlorophyll absorbs light principally in the ______ wavelengths.
- A.
Blue and green
- B.
Green and violet
- C.
Blue violet
- D.
Violet and green
- E.
Green and red
- 24.Which pigment occurs in all photosynthetic eukaryotes?
- A.
Chlorophyll a
- B.
Chlorophyll b
- C.
Chlorophyll c
- D.
Bacteriochlorophyll
- E.
Chlorobium Chlorophyll
- 25.Which of the following is NOT an accessory pigment in plants, green algae, and euglenoid algae?
- A.
Carotenes
- B.
Xanthophylls
- C.
Chlorophyll a
- D.
Chlorophyll b
- E.
Chlorophyll c
- 26.The primary function of ______ is as an anti-oxidant.
- A.
Chlorophyll a
- B.
Carotenoids
- C.
Phycobilins
- D.
Bacteriochlorophyll
- E.
Chlorobium chlorophyll
- 27.Following photolysis, the resulting protons are released into the ______, contributing to the proton gradient across the ______ membrane.
- A.
Lumen of the thylakoid; thylakoid
- B.
Chloroplast stroma; outer chloroplast
- C.
Chloroplast stroma; thylakoid
- D.
Chloroplast matrix; inner chloroplast
- E.
Cytosol; inner mitochondrial
- 28.The reduction of NADP+ is associated with:
- A.
Photosystem I.
- B.
Photosystem II.
- C.
The photosynthetic electron transport chain.
- D.
Cyclic electron flow.
- E.
The water-splitting enzyme.
- 29.The Calvin cycle takes place in the:
- A.
Lumen of the thylakoid.
- B.
Chloroplast stroma
- C.
Thylakoid membrane.
- D.
Cytoplasm.
- E.
Mitochondrial matrix.
- 30.Because the first detectable product of the Calvin cycle is ______, the cycle is also known as the ______ pathway.
- A.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate; C5
- B.
Oxaloacetate; C4
- C.
3-phosphoglycerate; C3
- D.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; C3
- E.
Rubisco; C4
- 31.Carbon dioxide is “fixed” by bonding to:
- A.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
- B.
3-phosphoglycerate.
- C.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
- D.
NADP+.
- E.
ADP.
- 32.In the Calvin cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is reduced to:
- A.
Sucrose
- B.
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
- C.
Rubisco
- D.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
- E.
An unstable six-carbon compound.
- 33.In the C4 pathway, the enzyme PEP carboxylase:
- A.
Uses O2 as a substrate.
- B.
Uses CO2 as a substrate.
- C.
Operates inefficiently when the CO2 concentration is low.
- D.
Is active only in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells.
- E.
Catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate.
- 34.Which of the following statements about CAM plants is FALSE?
- A.
Not all CAM plants are succulent.
- B.
All CAM plants are flowering plants.
- C.
They use both C3 and C4 pathways.
- D.
They are dependent on nighttime accumulation of CO2 for photosynthesis.
- E.
Their water-use efficiency is higher than that of C3 and C4 plants.
- 35.Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?
- A.
They are heterotrophic organisms.
- B.
Most are multicellular.
- C.
They are more closely related to plants than to animals.
- D.
The largest living organism may be a fungus.
- E.
Only the insects have a greater number of species.
- 36.Hyphae are types of fungal:
- A.
Spores
- B.
Zygotes
- C.
Storage products
- D.
Filaments
- E.
Cell wall components
- 37.Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is FALSE?
- A.
They lack membrane-bounded organelles.
- B.
They have a single, circular chromosome in the nucleoid.
- C.
They have a simple cytoskeleton.
- D.
They may contain extra chromosomal DNA as plasmids.
- E.
They lack a nuclear envelope.
- 38.Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are distinguished by differences in their:
- A.
Plasma membranes.
- B.
Cell walls.
- C.
Storage materials.
- D.
Size.
- E.
Shape.
- 39.The procambium is the precursor of the:
- A.
Epidermis.
- B.
Ground tissues.
- C.
Protodem.
- D.
Xylem and phloem.
- E.
Primary meristems.
- 40.In contrast to derivatives, initials:
- A.
Differentiate more quickly.
- B.
Are located in the shoot apical meristem.
- C.
Are located in the root apical meristem.
- D.
Undergo cell division.
- E.
Give rise to more initials and derivatives.
- 41.From which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop?
- A.
Parenchyma
- B.
Collenchyma
- C.
Procambium
- D.
Ground meristem
- E.
Protoderm
- 42.In vascular plants, food is conducted through:
- A.
Companion cells only.
- B.
Sieve cells only.
- C.
Sieve-tube elements only.
- D.
Sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.
- E.
Companion cells, sieve cells, and sieve-tube elements.
- 43.Stomata are the ______ between ______.
- A.
Cells; subsidiary cells
- B.
Cells; guard cells
- C.
Pores; guard cells
- D.
Pores; subsidiary cells
- E.
Pores; trichomes
- 44.Which of the following is NOT part of the periderm?
- A.
Phellem
- B.
Phellogen
- C.
Phelloderm
- D.
Epidermis
- E.
Cork cambium
- 45.The two primary functions of roots are:
- A.
Conduction and protection.
- B.
Storage and conduction.
- C.
Anchorage and storage.
- D.
Anchorage and absorption.
- E.
Anchorage and conduction.
- 46.The principal functions of the stem are:
- A.
Support and photosynthesis.
- B.
Photosynthesis and conduction.
- C.
Conduction and support.
- D.
Photosynthesis and storage.
- E.
Storage and absorption.
- 47.Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?
- A.
It results from the activity of the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
- B.
It is responsible for the increase in girth of a plant.
- C.
It can occur simultaneously with primary growth.
- D.
Most monocots exhibit considerable secondary growth.
- E.
Herbaceous plants undergo little or no secondary growth.
- 48.In plants, necrosis is the:
- A.
Localized death of tissues.
- B.
Yellowing of leaves.
- C.
Loss of chlorophyll.
- D.
Development of tumors.
- E.
Healing of wounds.
- 49.Cation exchange in soils is important because:
- A.
Cations are more crucial to the plant than anions.
- B.
Cations can exchange with anions that are used by the plant.
- C.
Cations prevent anions from binding to colloidal particles.
- D.
Exchangeable ions are not lost with leaching water.
- E.
Potential harmful exchangeable ions are leached away from the roots.
- 50.The chief reservoir of nitrogen is:
- A.
The soil.
- B.
The ocean.
- C.
Living organisms.
- D.
Dead organic material.
- E.
The atmosphere.
- 51.______ releases energy that is used by bacteria to reduce carbon dioxide.
- A.
Ammonification
- B.
Nitrogen fixation
- C.
Nitrification
- D.
Conversion of nitrite to ammonium
- E.
Nitrogen mineralization
- 52.Nitrite is oxidized to nitrate by:
- A.
Nitrosomonas.
- B.
Nitrobacter.
- C.
Ammonifying bacteria and fungi.
- D.
Denitrifying bacteria.
- E.
Plant roots.
- 53.Which of the following is(are) a product of denitrification?
- A.
NH4+
- B.
NO3−
- C.
NO2−
- D.
N2
- E.
Amino acids
- 54.In the process of stomatal closing, which of the following events occurs first?
- A.
Water moves out of guard cells.
- B.
Water moves into guard cells.
- C.
Guard cell turgor pressure decreases.
- D.
Guard cell solute concentration declines.
- E.
Guard cell water potential increases.
- 55.Where are carnivorous plants such as Nepenthes and Saracenia found?
- A.
Desert areas
- B.
Bogs and closed environmental niches
- C.
Street corners
- D.
Artic areas
- E.
None of the above
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