Hydrophobic Effect Chapter 3, 4, & 26
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- 1.Which of these is (are) always hydrophobic?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Cholesterol
- C.
Amino acids
- D.
Proteins
- 2.
- A.
Sugar
- B.
K+
- C.
Cl
- D.
Water
- E.
Fat
- 3.Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are ________, while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are __________.
- A.
Hydrophilic; hydrophilic
- B.
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic
- C.
Hydrophobic; hydrophobic
- D.
Hydrophobic; hydrophilic
- E.
Lipophilic; lipophobic
- 4.. ______ describes the number of particles of a solute in a solution, whereas ______ is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell.
- A.
Tonicity; osmolarity
- B.
Osmolarity; diffusion
- C.
Osmolarity; tonicity
- D.
Osmolarity; molarity
- E.
Tonicity; diffusion
- 5.Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________.
- A.
Osmosis; water pumps
- B.
Osmosis; aquaporins
- C.
Osmosis; uniport
- D.
Filtration; aquaporins
- E.
Filtration; water pumps
- 6.Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both
- A.
Are processes involving transport of a solutes up its concentration gradient.
- B.
Are processes involving transport of a solutes down its concentration gradient.
- C.
Are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP
- D.
Are processes ATP independent
- E.
Are cases of carrier-mediated transport.
- 7.The greater the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 8.The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________.
- A.
Up; active transport
- B.
Up; facilitated transport
- C.
Up; cotransport
- D.
Down; active transport
- E.
Down; countertransport
- 9.A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to ______________.
- A.
Higher; swell
- B.
Lower; swell
- C.
Higher; shrink
- D.
Lower; shrink
- E.
Lower; burst
- 10.
- A.
Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration
- B.
Facilitated diffusion of K+
- C.
Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient
- D.
Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
- E.
Transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient
- 11.Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell?
- A.
Facilitated diffusion
- B.
Simple diffusion
- C.
Filtration
- D.
Osmosis
- E.
Active transport
- 12.What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
- A.
Exocytosis
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Ciliary action
- D.
Protein synthesis
- E.
Osmosis
- 13.Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.______ provide motility to a cell, ______ act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and ____________ increase cell's surface area.
- A.
Cilia; microvilli; flagella
- B.
Microvilli; cilia; flagella
- C.
Microvilli; flagella; cilia
- D.
Flagella; microvilli; cilia
- E.
Flagella; cilia; microvilli
- 15.Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has ?
- A.
Flagella
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Microvilli
- D.
Glycocalyx
- E.
Dynein arms
- 16.A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of Normal saline. Normal saline is ________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl.
- A.
Isotonic; 9%
- B.
Isotonic; 0.9%
- C.
Hypertonic; 9%
- D.
Hypotonic; 0.9%
- E.
Hypotonic; 9%
- 17.These are all membranous organelles except
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- E.
The Golgi complex.
- 18.An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.
- A.
Organ system, organs
- B.
Organ system, organelle
- C.
Organ, organelles
- D.
Organ, molecules
- E.
Organelle, molecules
- 19.____________ gives structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through the cell.
- A.
Cholesterol
- B.
The nucleus
- C.
The plasma membrane
- D.
The Golgi complex
- E.
The cytoskeleton
- 20.Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________________________, whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called ________________________.
- A.
Transcription; translation
- B.
Translation; transcription
- C.
DNA replication; translation
- D.
DNA duplication; transcription
- E.
DNA translation; RNA transcription
- 21.Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the _____________.
- A.
Nucleus; cytoplasm
- B.
Nucleus; nucleolus
- C.
Cytoplasm; nucleus
- D.
Nucleolus; cytoplasm
- E.
Nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
- 22.After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called ________________ modifications.
- A.
Splicing
- B.
Posttranscriptional
- C.
Posttranslational
- D.
Polyribosomal
- E.
Secretory
- 23.All of the following are directly involved in translation except
- A.
DNA
- B.
MRNA
- C.
TRNA
- D.
RRNA
- E.
Ribosomes
- 24.This figure shows translation of mRNA. What does "A" show?
- A.
The molecule that carries codons
- B.
The molecule that carries anticodons
- C.
The molecule that carries base triplets
- D.
The molecule that carries amino acids
- E.
The molecule that carries tRNA
- 25.This figure shows translation of mRNA. What does "E" show?
- A.
A newly synthesized amino acid
- B.
A newly synthesized polypeptide
- C.
A newly synthesized nucleic acid
- D.
MRNA
- E.
TRNA
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