Hydrophobic Effect Chapter 3, 4, & 26

90 Questions | By Shardman38 | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 181

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1.

Which of these is (are) always hydrophobic?
- A.
  
  Glucose
- B.
  
  Cholesterol
- C.
  
  Amino acids
- D.
  
  Proteins
2.

Which of these is hydrophobic?
- A.
  
  Sugar
- B.
  
  K+
- C.
  
  Cl
- D.
  
  Water
- E.
  
  Fat
3.

Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are ________, while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are __________.
- A.
  
  Hydrophilic; hydrophilic
- B.
  
  Hydrophilic; hydrophobic
- C.
  
  Hydrophobic; hydrophobic
- D.
  
  Hydrophobic; hydrophilic
- E.
  
  Lipophilic; lipophobic
4.

. ______ describes the number of particles of a solute in a solution, whereas ______ is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell.
- A.
  
  Tonicity; osmolarity
- B.
  
  Osmolarity; diffusion
- C.
  
  Osmolarity; tonicity
- D.
  
  Osmolarity; molarity
- E.
  
  Tonicity; diffusion
5.

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________.
- A.
  
  Osmosis; water pumps
- B.
  
  Osmosis; aquaporins
- C.
  
  Osmosis; uniport
- D.
  
  Filtration; aquaporins
- E.
  
  Filtration; water pumps
6.

Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both
- A.
  
  Are processes involving transport of a solutes up its concentration gradient.
- B.
  
  Are processes involving transport of a solutes down its concentration gradient.
- C.
  
  Are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP
- D.
  
  Are processes ATP independent
- E.
  
  Are cases of carrier-mediated transport.
7.

The greater the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
8.

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________.
- A.
  
  Up; active transport
- B.
  
  Up; facilitated transport
- C.
  
  Up; cotransport
- D.
  
  Down; active transport
- E.
  
  Down; countertransport
9.

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to ______________.
- A.
  
  Higher; swell
- B.
  
  Lower; swell
- C.
  
  Higher; shrink
- D.
  
  Lower; shrink
- E.
  
  Lower; burst
10.

Which of these is an example of active transport?
- A.
  
  Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration
- B.
  
  Facilitated diffusion of K+
- C.
  
  Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient
- D.
  
  Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
- E.
  
  Transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient
11.

Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell?
- A.
  
  Facilitated diffusion
- B.
  
  Simple diffusion
- C.
  
  Filtration
- D.
  
  Osmosis
- E.
  
  Active transport
12.

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
- A.
  
  Exocytosis
- B.
  
  Active transport
- C.
  
  Ciliary action
- D.
  
  Protein synthesis
- E.
  
  Osmosis
13.

Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
14.

______ provide motility to a cell, ______ act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and ____________ increase cell's surface area.
- A.
  
  Cilia; microvilli; flagella
- B.
  
  Microvilli; cilia; flagella
- C.
  
  Microvilli; flagella; cilia
- D.
  
  Flagella; microvilli; cilia
- E.
  
  Flagella; cilia; microvilli
15.

Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has ?
- A.
  
  Flagella
- B.
  
  Cilia
- C.
  
  Microvilli
- D.
  
  Glycocalyx
- E.
  
  Dynein arms
16.

A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of Normal saline. Normal saline is ________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl.
- A.
  
  Isotonic; 9%
- B.
  
  Isotonic; 0.9%
- C.
  
  Hypertonic; 9%
- D.
  
  Hypotonic; 0.9%
- E.
  
  Hypotonic; 9%
17.

These are all membranous organelles except
- A.
  
  Mitochondria
- B.
  
  Ribosomes
- C.
  
  Nucleus
- D.
  
  Endoplasmic reticulum
- E.
  
  The Golgi complex.
18.

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.
- A.
  
  Organ system, organs
- B.
  
  Organ system, organelle
- C.
  
  Organ, organelles
- D.
  
  Organ, molecules
- E.
  
  Organelle, molecules
19.

____________ gives structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through the cell.
- A.
  
  Cholesterol
- B.
  
  The nucleus
- C.
  
  The plasma membrane
- D.
  
  The Golgi complex
- E.
  
  The cytoskeleton
20.

Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________________________, whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called ________________________.
- A.
  
  Transcription; translation
- B.
  
  Translation; transcription
- C.
  
  DNA replication; translation
- D.
  
  DNA duplication; transcription
- E.
  
  DNA translation; RNA transcription
21.

Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the _____________.
- A.
  
  Nucleus; cytoplasm
- B.
  
  Nucleus; nucleolus
- C.
  
  Cytoplasm; nucleus
- D.
  
  Nucleolus; cytoplasm
- E.
  
  Nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
22.

After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called ________________ modifications.
- A.
  
  Splicing
- B.
  
  Posttranscriptional
- C.
  
  Posttranslational
- D.
  
  Polyribosomal
- E.
  
  Secretory
23.

All of the following are directly involved in translation except
- A.
  
  DNA
- B.
  
  MRNA
- C.
  
  TRNA
- D.
  
  RRNA
- E.
  
  Ribosomes
24.

This figure shows translation of mRNA. What does "A" show?
- A.
  
  The molecule that carries codons
- B.
  
  The molecule that carries anticodons
- C.
  
  The molecule that carries base triplets
- D.
  
  The molecule that carries amino acids
- E.
  
  The molecule that carries tRNA
25.

This figure shows translation of mRNA. What does "E" show?
- A.
  
  A newly synthesized amino acid
- B.
  
  A newly synthesized polypeptide
- C.
  
  A newly synthesized nucleic acid
- D.
  
  MRNA
- E.
  
  TRNA