Proteins
Carbohydrates
Polymers
Nucleotides
Sodium and potassium ions
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
A decrease in temperature
The addition of cholesterol
Hydrogen bonding of water holding the membrane together
Introduction of double bonds into fatty acids
An increase in temperature
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated transport
Active transport
Exocytosis
Ingesting food as molecules and sometimes as entire cells
Returning waste and other molecules back to the environment
Responding to a host of chemical cues
Directing the synthesis of various food-digesting proteins
Passing of messages to other cells
The hydrophobic tails are oriented towards the interior.
The hydrophilic heads are oriented towards the exterior.
Only the saturated fatty acids are always present.
Once they are incorporated they remain in the membrane permanently.
The bilayers made up of them are randomly interspersed with proteins.
Protein channels.
Phospholipid molecules.
Antigen molecules.
Pumps such as the proton pump.
The entire lipid bilayer.
ATP.
Amino acids.
Nucleotides.
Carbohydrate chains.
Inorganic ions.
Transport channels
Hormones
Receptors
Enzymes
Identify markers
Transport of water and bulk material.
Selective transport of certain molecules and material.
Reception of information.
Expression of cellular identify.
Synthesis of DNA.
Active transport.
Diffusion.
Osmosis.
Pumping.
Exocytosis.
Isotonic.
Hypertonic.
Hypotonic.
Hypnotic.
Osmosis.
Plasma membranes.
Organelles.
Cytoskeletons.
Cell walls.
Flagella.
Conformation.
Amino acid sequence.
Net charge.
Solubility.
Immunity.
Osmosis.
Pinocytosis.
Phangocytosis.
Diffusion.
Active transport.
Facilitated diffusion.
Active transport.
Exocytosis.
Endocytosis.
Phagocytosis.
Cell wall.
Semi-permeable membrane.
Vacuole.
ER.
Cytoskeleton.
Exocytosis.
Facilitated diffusion.
Active transport.
Endocytosis.
Osmosis.
3 sodium ions leave and 2 potassium ions enter.
1 sodium ion enters and 1 potassium ion leaves.
1 sodium ion leaves and 1 potassium ion enters.
3 sodium ions enter and 2 potassium ions leave.
Sodium and potassium ions enter and water leaves.
ATP pumps.
Sodium-potassium pumps.
Glucose pumps.
Coupled transport.
Proton pumps.
Transport ions.
Serve as an energy molecule.
Maintain fluidity.
Mediate steroid action.
Maintain hypertension.
The cell membrane was composed of lipids and proteins.
The cell membrane was composed of a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of globular proteins.
The cell membrane was composed of a phospholipid bilayer with globular proteins actually inserted into the bilayer.
The cell membrane was composed of a phospholipid bilayer but the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules were reversed.
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached.
Move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration until an equilibrium is reached.
Remain stationary until their molecular motion allows for an equilibrium to be reached.
Move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until facilitated transport can assist the molecular equilibrium.
Move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached by active transport.
The carrier molecule must be specific to the molecule that is transported. The direction of movement is always with the concentration gradient, never against the gradient.
The carrier molecule is nonspecific to the molecule that is transported. The direction of movement is always with the concentration gradient, never against the gradient.
The carrier molecule is nonspecific to the molecule that is transported. The direction of movement is always against the concentration gradient, never with the gradient.
The carrier molecule must be specific to the molecule that is transported and an ATP molecule must be attached to the specific carrier. The direction of movement is always against the concentration gradient, never with the gradient.
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