Chapter 23: The Gastro System

The correct answer is jejunum, duodenum, and the ileum. These three parts are specific sections of the small intestine. The esophagus and stomach are part of the digestive system, but they are not part of the small intestine. The jejunum, duodenum, and ileum are sequential sections of the small intestine that play vital roles in the absorption of nutrients from food.

Most ulcers are found in the stomach. This is because the stomach lining is constantly exposed to stomach acid and digestive enzymes, which can damage the protective layer of mucus that lines the stomach. When this protective layer is compromised, the acid and enzymes can irritate and erode the stomach lining, leading to the formation of ulcers. Ulcers can also occur in other parts of the digestive system, such as the duodenum, but the stomach is the most common location.

The correct answer is Vitamins, A, D, E, & K. These vitamins are classified as fat-soluble because they can be dissolved in fat and stored in the body's fatty tissues. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption, vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and supports cell function, and vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism.

The cecum is actually a part of the large intestine. It is a pouch-like structure located at the beginning of the large intestine, where the small intestine connects to it. The cecum plays a role in the absorption of fluids and salts, as well as housing beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion. Therefore, the statement that the cecum is not a part of the large intestine is false.

Reglan, also known as metoclopramide, is a medication that is commonly used as a gastrointestinal stimulant. It helps to increase the movement of the stomach and intestines, which can be beneficial for conditions such as gastroparesis. Additionally, Reglan is also used as an anti-emetic, meaning it helps to prevent nausea and vomiting. Lastly, it is used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus. Therefore, the statement that Reglan is used as a GI stimulant, anti-emetic, and in the treatment of GERD is true.

Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. It is then stored in the gallbladder until it is needed for digestion. When food containing fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the intestine to aid in the breakdown of fats. Therefore, the correct answer is gallbladder.

The statement is true because carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They provide fuel for the brain, muscles, and other organs. The recommended range of 45-65% ensures that individuals have enough carbohydrates to meet their energy needs and maintain proper bodily functions. However, it is important to choose complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables rather than refined sugars and processed foods.

Vitamin B3 is commonly referred to as niacin. Niacin is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the body's energy production and metabolism. It is involved in the synthesis of DNA, the repair of damaged DNA, and the production of various enzymes. Niacin also helps maintain healthy skin, nerves, and digestive system. Folic acid, on the other hand, is another B vitamin that is important for cell growth and development, while thiamine is also a B vitamin that helps convert food into energy.

Vitamin B6 is also known as pyridoxine.

Saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of a person's total fat intake. This is because consuming too much saturated fat can increase the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease. It is recommended to limit the intake of saturated fats and replace them with healthier fats, such as unsaturated fats, which can have a positive impact on overall health.