Chapter 2 Section 4 Review

1. The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are the

Catalysts

Reactants

Products

Reactants are the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. They are the starting materials that undergo a chemical change to form new substances called products. Reactants are consumed during the reaction and their chemical bonds are broken and rearranged to form the bonds of the products. Catalysts, on the other hand, are substances that speed up the reaction but are not consumed in the process. Therefore, the correct answer is reactants.

Explanation

Reactants are the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. They are the starting materials that undergo a chemical change to form new substances called products. Reactants are consumed during the reaction and their chemical bonds are broken and rearranged to form the bonds of the products. Catalysts, on the other hand, are substances that speed up the reaction but are not consumed in the process. Therefore, the correct answer is reactants.

2. Based on the line graph on page 58 of the text, what can you conclude about the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?

Reaction rate decreases with increasing enzyme concentration

Reaction rate increases with decreasing enzyme concentration

Reaction rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration

The variables are not related

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Explanation

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3. Which of the following lowers a chemical reaction's activation energy?

Cohesion

Adhesion

Catalysts

Reactants

Products

Catalysts lower a chemical reaction's activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier. They achieve this by increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. By reducing the activation energy, catalysts enable reactions to occur more readily and at lower temperatures, making them essential in many industrial processes and biological systems.

Explanation

Catalysts lower a chemical reaction's activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier. They achieve this by increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. By reducing the activation energy, catalysts enable reactions to occur more readily and at lower temperatures, making them essential in many industrial processes and biological systems.

4. In humans, carbon dioxide and water quickly combine to form carbonic acid in the presence of a particular enzyme. Most likely, this same enzyme

Helps in the breakdown of acidic foods in the stomach

Is not involved in other types of reactions because enzymes are specific

Is involved in other reactions where temperature and pH are the same

Helps in the synthesis of sugars during photosynthesis

Enzymes are highly specific catalysts that only work on specific substrates. In this case, the given enzyme is involved in the quick combination of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid. Since it is specifically involved in this reaction, it is not likely to be involved in other types of reactions. Enzymes have specific active sites that can only bind to specific substrates, ensuring that they catalyze the correct reaction. Therefore, the enzyme mentioned is not involved in other types of reactions because enzymes are specific.

Explanation

Enzymes are highly specific catalysts that only work on specific substrates. In this case, the given enzyme is involved in the quick combination of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid. Since it is specifically involved in this reaction, it is not likely to be involved in other types of reactions. Enzymes have specific active sites that can only bind to specific substrates, ensuring that they catalyze the correct reaction. Therefore, the enzyme mentioned is not involved in other types of reactions because enzymes are specific.

5. Which class period are you in?

1

4

7

8

The given options represent different class periods. The question is asking the respondent to select the class period they are currently in. The correct answer cannot be determined as the question does not provide any context or information about the respondent's specific situation.

Explanation

The given options represent different class periods. The question is asking the respondent to select the class period they are currently in. The correct answer cannot be determined as the question does not provide any context or information about the respondent's specific situation.