Chapter 19: Functions Of The Blood Vessels
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Function of blood vessels
- 1.A sphygmomanometer measures
- A.
Blood flow.
- B.
Hematocrit.
- C.
Blood pressure.
- D.
Oxygen saturation.
- 2.Blood pressure is lowest in the
- A.
Inferior vena cava.
- B.
Aorta.
- C.
Circle of Willis.
- D.
Femoral artery.
- 3.The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its
- A.
Thin membrane.
- B.
Porous membrane.
- C.
Valves.
- D.
Smooth muscle.
- 4.Which condition is characterized by poor skin turgor?
- A.
Expanded blood volume
- B.
Pulmonary edema
- C.
Varicose veins
- D.
Dehydration
- 5.Which artery is most oftern used to measure the blood pressure?
- A.
Carotid artery
- B.
Brachial artery
- C.
Femoral artery
- D.
Circle of Willis
- 6.Which of the following best indicates why a person who is taking antihypertensive drugs should not drink alcohol or sit in a hot tub?
- A.
Hypokalemia (low potassium) and flabby muscles
- B.
Hypertensive crisis and stroke
- C.
Vasodilation and hypotension
- D.
Hemolysis and jaundice
- 7.Which of the following is true?
- A.
CO= HR*SV*PULSE PRESSURE
- B.
BP=CO*SV*R
- C.
BP=SV*PULSE PRESSURE
- D.
BP=SV*HR*R
- 8.Plasma oncotic pressure is due primarily to
- A.
Blood pressure
- B.
Plasma proteins, especially albumin
- C.
Lymph
- D.
Electrolytes such as sodium and chloride
- 9.Which of the following is most likely to induce a reflex bradycardia?
- A.
Development of hypovolemic (low blood volume) shock, as in hemorrage
- B.
Exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)
- C.
Administration of nitroglycerine (a vasodilator drug)
- D.
Administration of a diuretic for hypertension
- 10.
- A.
- 11.If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) exceeds plasma oncotic pressure,
- A.
Fluid moves from the interstitium into the capillary
- B.
No net flux of water occurs
- C.
Blood volume expansion occurs
- D.
Fluid is filtred into the interstitium
- 12.If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds (CHP),
- A.
Fluid is filtred from the capillary into the interstitium
- B.
Fluid moves osmotically into the capillary from the interstitium
- C.
Plasma proteins diffuse from the capillary into the interstitium
- D.
Blood volume decreases
- 13.Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading, diastolic reading,a nd Korotkoff sounds?
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Blood pressure
- C.
The electrical activity of the heart
- D.
Coronary blood flow
- 14.What do the baroreceptors regulate?
- A.
Blood volume
- B.
Hematocrit
- C.
Blood pressure
- D.
Rate of capillary filtration
- 15.Which of the following increases vascular reisistance, stroke volume, and heart rate?
- A.
Stimulation of the vagus nerve
- B.
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
- C.
Administration of a sympatholytic drug
- D.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
- 16.Which of the following structures has the greatest effect on vascular resistance?
- A.
Veins
- B.
Arterioles
- C.
Heart
- D.
Capillaries
- 17.
- A.
- 18.These blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels
- A.
Arterioles
- B.
Veins
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Arteries
- 19.What is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg?
- A.
120
- B.
80
- C.
40
- D.
Can't determine the pulse pressure from this info
- 20.Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure within the pulmonary capillaries increases?
- A.
Pedal edema
- B.
Pulsating jugular veins
- C.
Pulmonary edema
- D.
Varicose veins
- 21.What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading?
- A.
Pulse deficit
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
Pulse pressure
- 22.Which of the following elevates blood pressure?
- A.
Diuretics
- B.
Vasodilators
- C.
Vasopressors
- D.
Antihypertensive drugs
- 23.Which term refers to drugs that cause vasodilation and reduce vascular resistance?
- A.
Diuretics
- B.
Antihypertensive drugs
- C.
Inotropic drugs
- D.
Sympathomimetic drugs
- 24.Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex?
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Corpus callosum
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Medulla oblongata
- 25.Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are
- A.
Steroids
- B.
Secreted by the adrenal cortex
- C.
Vasopressors
- D.
Blood pressure-lowering hormones
- 26.A sudden rise in blood pressure is most likely to produce a baroreceptor-induced
- A.
(+) inotropic effect
- B.
Bradycardia
- C.
Narrowed pulse pressure
- D.
Increased heart rate
- 27.Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?
- A.
Can induce a reflex tachycardia
- B.
Located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
- C.
Activated by hypoxemia
- D.
Activated by a hemorrahage-induced decline in blood pressure
- 28.If plasma osmolarity increases, as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution)
- A.
Filtration rate increases
- B.
Fluid is forced out of the capillary into the interstitium
- C.
Fluid is "pulled" into the capillary from the interstitium
- D.
Plasma proteins diffuse out of the capillary into the interstitium
- 29.If the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed,
- A.
Excess fluid is filtered out of the capillary
- B.
Plasma oncotic pressure decreases, thereby causing fluid to leak out of the capillary
- C.
Fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium, thereby causing edema
- D.
Excess fluid moves into the capillary, thereby "drying out" the interstitium
- 30.Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following?
- A.
Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because of starvation
- B.
Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because the child filters large amounts of albumin into his urine.
- C.
Plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated
- D.
A woman with breast cancer has surgery that involves a breast amputation and removal of the lymph nodes/vessels
- 31.If the left ventricle of the heart fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary,
- A.
Decreasing plasma oncotic pressure and drying out the lung
- B.
Blocking the glow of lymph and drying out the lungs
- C.
Increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs
- D.
Increasing plasma oncotic pressure, causing pulmonary edema
- 32.A pregnant woman notices that her ankls are swollen after standing for 6 hrs. at her place of employment. In the evening when she elevates her feet, the swelling diminshes because
- A.
Capillary bydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decrease
- B.
Plasma oncotic pressure decreases
- C.
Plasma oncotic pressure increases
- D.
Lymphatic drainage decreases
- 33.An IV infusion of mannitol (a hypertonic sugar solution) is used todecrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because the mannitol
- A.
Provides calories for the lealing of the injured brain
- B.
Is absorbed by the injured brain cells and pulls water into the brain cells from the tissue fluid
- C.
Pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries, thereby relieving edema
- D.
"clumps" the plasma proteins together, thereby severely diminshing plasma oncotic pressure
- 34.Capillary hydrostatic pressure is a reflection of
- A.
Plasma proteins
- B.
Albumin
- C.
Lymph
- D.
Blood pressure
- 35.Which of the following drugs is most likely to increase vascular resistance?
- A.
(+) inotropic agent
- B.
Arteriolar constrictor
- C.
Arteriolar dilator
- D.
Vasodilator
- 36.With which word/phrase is afterload most associated?
- A.
Heart rate
- B.
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
- C.
(+) intotropic effect
- D.
Venous return
- 37.Which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect?
- A.
Diuretic
- B.
Alpha1 adrenergic agonist
- C.
Beta1 adrenergic antagonist
- D.
Sympatholytic
- 38.A drug that activates alpha1 adrenergic receptors
- A.
Causes a vasodepressor effect
- B.
Is classified as a (+) inotropic drug
- C.
Elevates blood pressure
- D.
Is classified as an antihypertensive drug
- 39.A newly diagnosed hypertensive patient is started on prazosin. Within the hour, he complains of dizziness and loses consciousness. What has happened?
- A.
The drug activated the baroreceptors causing an intense parasympathetic discharge, thereby increasing blood pressure and precipitating a mild stroke
- B.
The prazosin has decreased his blood pressure too much; the drug-induced hypotension caused the fainting event (syncope)
- C.
The prazosin causes spasm of the cerebral blood vessels, which, in turn, causes loss of consciousness
- D.
The patient experienced a hypertensive crisis
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