Chapter 16, Fluid And Chemical Balance

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  • 1/38 Questions

    Chemical compounds that remain bound together when dissolved in a solution and do not conduct electricity

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About This Quiz

In this scientific quiz we’ll be taking a look at the topics of fluid and chemical balance, with a number of questions regarding blood, positive and negative charges, cells, tissues, plasma, electrolytes and much more. Think you can get all of the questions correct? Let’s find out!

Chapter 16, Fluid And Chemical Balance - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Helps to regulate the distribution of water by controlling the movement of fluid from on location to another

    Explanation
    Osmosis is a process that helps regulate the distribution of water by controlling the movement of fluid from one location to another. It is a natural phenomenon where water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane. This movement of water allows for the equalization of solute concentration on both sides of the membrane, ensuring the balance of fluid distribution. Osmosis is a vital process in various biological systems, including the absorption of nutrients in plants and the regulation of water balance in animal cells.

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  • 3. 

    Consists of 3 liters of plasma (fluid), 2 liters of blood cells, and is comprised of WBC, RBC, and platelets

    Explanation
    Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that consists of various components. It is made up of 3 liters of plasma, which is a yellowish fluid that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Additionally, blood contains 2 liters of blood cells, including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets. WBCs are responsible for the immune response, RBCs carry oxygen to tissues, and platelets aid in blood clotting. Therefore, the given answer "blood" accurately describes the composition of this fluid.

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  • 4. 

    Chemical compounds (sodium and chloride) that are dissolved, absorbed, and distributed in body fluid and possess electrical charge

    Explanation
    Electrolytes are chemical compounds, such as sodium and chloride, that can dissolve, be absorbed, and be distributed in body fluids. These compounds also possess an electrical charge. Electrolytes are essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining proper hydration, transmitting nerve impulses, and balancing pH levels. They play a crucial role in regulating muscle contractions, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting overall cellular function.

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  • 5. 

    Electrolytes with a negative charge

    Explanation
    Anions are electrolytes with a negative charge. An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water or melted. In this case, the electrolytes have a negative charge, which means they have gained one or more electrons. Anions are attracted to the positive electrode and migrate towards it during electrolysis. They play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and are important for maintaining the balance of ions in the body.

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  • 6. 

    Fluid outside cells

    Explanation
    Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid present outside the cells in the body. It includes the interstitial fluid, which surrounds the cells in tissues, as well as the plasma, which is the fluid component of blood. This fluid plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products between the cells and the bloodstream. It also facilitates the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells and helps remove metabolic waste from them. Therefore, the term "extracellular fluid" accurately describes the fluid outside the cells in the body.

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  • 7. 

    Electrolytes with a postive charge

    Explanation
    Cations are positively charged ions that are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water, and they can be either cations or anions. In this case, the given correct answer suggests that the electrolytes being referred to specifically have a positive charge, indicating that they are cations.

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  • 8. 

    Fluid inside cell

    Explanation
    The correct answer is intracellular fluid. Intracellular fluid refers to the fluid that is present inside the cells of an organism. It is the fluid that fills the cytoplasm and surrounds the organelles within the cell. This fluid plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's shape, providing a medium for various cellular processes, and facilitating the transportation of nutrients and waste products. Intracellular fluid is different from extracellular fluid, which is the fluid present outside the cells.

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  • 9. 

    Fluid in tissue space between and around cells

    Explanation
    The correct answer is interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that exists in the tissue space between and around cells. It is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the cells, as well as removing waste products. This fluid plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of chemicals and electrolytes in the body.

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  • 10. 

    A higher than normal volume of water in intravascular fluid compartments and is another example of a fluid balance

    Explanation
    Hypervolemia refers to a condition characterized by an excessive amount of water in the intravascular fluid compartments. It is a type of fluid balance disorder where there is an abnormal increase in blood volume. This can be caused by various factors such as excessive fluid intake, kidney dysfunction, heart failure, or certain medications. Hypervolemia can lead to symptoms like swelling, high blood pressure, shortness of breath, and can also put strain on the heart. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include diuretics to remove excess fluid from the body.

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  • 11. 

    ___________ is the carrier substance for glucose

    Explanation
    Insulin is the carrier substance for glucose. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. It acts as a carrier by binding to glucose molecules and facilitating their entry into cells, where they can be used for energy production. Without insulin, glucose cannot effectively enter cells, leading to high blood sugar levels and potentially causing diabetes.

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  • 12. 

    Substances that carry either a positive or negative electrical charge

    Explanation
    Ions are substances that carry either a positive or negative electrical charge. They are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons. Positively charged ions are called cations, while negatively charged ions are called anions. Ions play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and are important for maintaining the balance of electrical charges in biological systems. They are also involved in processes such as nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

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  • 13. 

    Mix of water, chemicals (electrolytes and nonelectrolytes), and blood cells

    Explanation
    The given answer, "body fluid," is a correct explanation for the mixture of water, chemicals (electrolytes and nonelectrolytes), and blood cells. Body fluid refers to the various fluids found within the human body, including blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and others. These fluids contain a combination of water, electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride), nonelectrolytes (such as glucose and urea), and blood cells (such as red and white blood cells). Therefore, the term "body fluid" accurately describes the composition of the given mixture.

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  • 14. 

    Watery plasma, or serum, of blood

    Explanation
    In this question, the correct answer is "intravascular fluid". Intravascular fluid refers to the fluid that is present within the blood vessels. It is composed of watery plasma or serum, which is the liquid component of blood. This fluid plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It also helps maintain blood pressure and regulate body temperature.

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  • 15. 

    Regulates movement of water and substances from a compartment where pressure is higher to one that is lower

    Explanation
    Filtration is a process that regulates the movement of water and substances from a compartment where pressure is higher to one that is lower. During filtration, a physical barrier, such as a filter, allows the passage of certain substances while blocking others based on their size or charge. This process is commonly observed in various biological systems, such as the kidneys, where blood is filtered to remove waste products and excess water.

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  • 16. 

    Blood clot that travels to the lung

    Explanation
    A pulmonary embolus refers to a blood clot that travels to the lung. This condition occurs when a blood clot, usually from the legs, breaks free and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, blocking one of the blood vessels. This can lead to decreased blood flow and oxygenation in the lung tissue, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to prevent further complications and potential damage to the lungs.

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  • 17. 

    Process of chemical distribution that requires an energy source, involves adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

    Explanation
    Active transport is a process of chemical distribution that requires an energy source, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process involves the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane, against their concentration gradient, with the help of specific carrier proteins. ATP provides the necessary energy to drive these carrier proteins and transport the molecules or ions across the membrane. Active transport is essential for various cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, waste removal, and maintaining ion balance within cells.

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  • 18. 

    The movement of intravascular fluid to nonvascular compartments, where it becomes trapped and useless

    Explanation
    Third spacing refers to the movement of intravascular fluid from the blood vessels into nonvascular compartments, such as the interstitial spaces. This fluid becomes trapped in these compartments and is no longer available for normal physiological functions. This can lead to edema and a decrease in circulating blood volume. Third spacing commonly occurs in conditions such as burns, trauma, and certain diseases where there is an imbalance in fluid distribution within the body.

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  • 19. 

    Inflammation of a vein

    Explanation
    Phlebitis refers to the inflammation of a vein, which can be caused by factors such as infection, injury, or the presence of a blood clot. This condition commonly occurs in the legs and can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area. Phlebitis can also lead to complications like the formation of a blood clot, known as deep vein thrombosis. Treatment for phlebitis may involve medications to reduce inflammation, pain relief, and in some cases, the use of compression stockings to improve blood flow.

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  • 20. 

    Undissolved protein substances such as albumin and blood cells within body fluids that do not readily pass through membranes

    Explanation
    The given answer, "colloids," is the correct answer because it accurately describes the undissolved protein substances such as albumin and blood cells within body fluids that do not readily pass through membranes. Colloids are a type of mixture where particles are dispersed throughout a liquid, but they do not dissolve. In this case, the undissolved protein substances are colloidal particles that remain suspended in body fluids and cannot pass through membranes easily.

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  • 21. 

    Process in which certain dissolved substances require the assistance of a carrier molecule to pass from one side of a semipermeable membrane to the other, also regulates chemical balance

    Explanation
    Facilitated diffusion is a process in which certain dissolved substances require the assistance of a carrier molecule to pass from one side of a semipermeable membrane to the other. This process helps regulate the chemical balance by allowing specific molecules to move across the membrane in a controlled manner. Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion relies on the presence of carrier proteins to transport molecules that are too large or polar to pass through the membrane on their own. This process does not require energy expenditure by the cell and occurs down the concentration gradient.

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  • 22. 

    Pressure exerted against a membrane

    Explanation
    Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid column above it. In the context of the given question, when a fluid is exerting pressure against a membrane, it is likely to be in a state of equilibrium, with the pressure being exerted evenly in all directions. This is characteristic of hydrostatic pressure, where the pressure is exerted uniformly throughout the fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrostatic pressure.

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  • 23. 

    Develops when excess fluid is distributed to the interstitial space

    Explanation
    Edema is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial space, which is the space between cells in tissues. This can occur due to various reasons such as increased capillary permeability, impaired lymphatic drainage, or increased fluid retention. When there is an imbalance between fluid filtration and fluid reabsorption, the excess fluid is distributed to the interstitial space, leading to edema. This can cause swelling, discomfort, and impaired tissue function in the affected area.

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  • 24. 

    Bubble of air traveling within the vascular system

    Explanation
    An air embolism refers to a bubble of air that travels within the vascular system. This occurs when air enters a blood vessel and disrupts the normal flow of blood. Air embolisms can be dangerous as they can block blood flow to vital organs and tissues, leading to serious complications such as stroke or organ damage. It is important to promptly identify and treat air embolisms to prevent further harm.

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  • 25. 

    Sealed opening

  • 26. 

    Infusion device that uses pressure to infuse solutions

    Explanation
    An infusion pump is a device that uses pressure to infuse solutions. It is commonly used in medical settings to deliver fluids, such as medications or nutrients, directly into a patient's bloodstream. The pump controls the rate and volume of the infusion, ensuring accurate and precise delivery. By applying pressure, the pump pushes the solution through a tubing system and into the patient's body. This method allows for controlled and regulated administration of fluids, making it an essential tool in healthcare settings.

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  • 27. 

    Accessing the venous system by piercing a vein with a needle

    Explanation
    Venipuncture refers to the process of accessing the venous system by piercing a vein with a needle. It is commonly performed for various medical procedures, such as drawing blood for diagnostic tests, administering medications, or intravenous therapy. During venipuncture, a healthcare professional inserts a needle into a vein, allowing for the collection of blood or the delivery of fluids or medications directly into the bloodstream. This procedure is essential in many medical settings and plays a crucial role in diagnosing and treating various conditions.

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  • 28. 

    Stationary blood clot

    Explanation
    Thrombus formation refers to the process of a blood clot forming within a blood vessel. A stationary blood clot, also known as a thrombus, can form due to various factors such as injury to the blood vessel wall, abnormal blood flow, or certain medical conditions. This can lead to blockage of the blood vessel, potentially causing serious health complications depending on the location and size of the clot. Therefore, thrombus formation accurately describes the process of a stationary blood clot developing.

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  • 29. 

    A low volume in the extracellular fluid compartments

    Explanation
    Hypovolemia refers to a condition characterized by a low volume in the extracellular fluid compartments. This means that there is a decreased amount of fluid in the spaces outside the cells in the body. This can be caused by various factors such as excessive fluid loss, inadequate fluid intake, or fluid shifting within the body. Hypovolemia can lead to symptoms like thirst, dizziness, low blood pressure, and decreased urine output. It is important to address hypovolemia promptly as it can have serious consequences on the body's overall functioning.

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  • 30. 

    Escape of IV fluid into the tissue

    Explanation
    Infiltration refers to the escape or leakage of IV fluid into the surrounding tissue instead of being properly delivered into the bloodstream. This can occur due to various reasons such as improper placement of the IV catheter, dislodgment of the catheter, or damage to the vein. Infiltration can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort at the site of infusion, and may lead to complications such as tissue damage, infection, or decreased effectiveness of the medication being administered. Prompt recognition and management of infiltration is crucial to prevent further complications and ensure proper delivery of fluids and medications.

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  • 31. 

    Deficit of albumin in the blood

    Explanation
    Hypoalbuminemia refers to a condition characterized by a deficiency of albumin in the blood. Albumin is a protein produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood and transporting various substances throughout the body. A deficit of albumin can lead to fluid accumulation in the tissues, causing edema and swelling. It can also affect the transport of hormones, drugs, and other molecules in the bloodstream. Therefore, hypoalbuminemia can have significant implications for overall health and may be indicative of underlying medical conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or inflammation.

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  • 32. 

    Electrolytes that are measured in the serum of blood

    Explanation
    Milliequivalents is the correct answer because electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, are commonly measured in the serum of blood using this unit. Milliequivalents represent the number of ions present in a solution and are used to determine the concentration of electrolytes in the blood. This measurement is important in assessing the balance of electrolytes in the body, which is crucial for normal physiological functioning.

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  • 33. 

    Physiologic process in which dissolved substances move from an area of higher concentration to one that is lower through a semipermeable membrane

    Explanation
    Passive diffusion is the physiologic process in which dissolved substances move from an area of higher concentration to one that is lower through a semipermeable membrane. This process does not require any energy input and occurs due to the random motion of molecules. As the molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, they equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane. Thus, passive diffusion is a fundamental mechanism for the transport of substances across cell membranes.

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  • 34. 

    Identical balance of cations with anions

    Explanation
    The term "electrochemical neutrality" refers to a state in which a system or solution has an equal balance of positive and negative charges. In the context of the given answer, it suggests that the presence of an identical balance of cations (positively charged ions) with anions (negatively charged ions) ensures electrochemical neutrality. This balance is important for maintaining stability and preventing the buildup of excess charge in a system, which could lead to unwanted reactions or instability.

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  • 35. 

    Made of water and other uniformly dissolved crystals such as salt and sugar

    Explanation
    Crystalloid solutions refer to solutions that are made up of water and other substances that are uniformly dissolved, such as salt and sugar. These solutions are commonly used in medical settings to replace fluids and electrolytes in the body. They are able to quickly move across cell membranes and distribute throughout the body, making them effective for maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance. Crystalloid solutions are often used for fluid resuscitation, intravenous therapy, and in certain medical procedures.

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  • 36. 

    Made of water and molecules of suspended substances such as blood cells and blood products

    Explanation
    Colloid solutions are a type of mixture that consists of particles suspended in a liquid medium. In this case, the colloid solution is made up of water and molecules of suspended substances, such as blood cells and blood products. These suspended particles do not settle out quickly and remain dispersed throughout the solution. Colloid solutions are commonly used in medical settings to restore fluid balance and provide nutrients to patients.

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  • 37. 

    Electronic infusion that instills IV solutions by gravity

    Explanation
    A volumetric pump is a type of medical device that is used to accurately and precisely deliver IV solutions to patients. Unlike gravity infusion, which relies on the force of gravity to deliver the solution, a volumetric pump uses a motorized mechanism to control the flow rate and ensure a consistent and controlled delivery. This allows for more precise dosing and reduces the risk of over or under-infusion. Therefore, a volumetric pump is a more advanced and reliable method for instilling IV solutions compared to gravity infusion.

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  • 38. 

    Number of drops/mL

    Explanation
    The drop factor refers to the number of drops per milliliter (mL) that is delivered by a particular intravenous administration set. It is a crucial factor to consider when calculating the flow rate of medication or fluids being administered. The drop factor determines how fast or slow the substance will be delivered to the patient, as the size of the drops can vary depending on the administration set used. Therefore, understanding the drop factor is essential for accurate dosing and ensuring the proper administration of medication or fluids.

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  • Feb 23, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jul 22, 2009
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