Chapter 16 Sections 1 And 2

Explanation
Samuel F.B. Morse is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the developer of the telegraph. Morse, an American inventor and artist, alongside his assistant Alfred Vail, successfully developed the telegraph system in the early 1830s. This system revolutionized long-distance communication by transmitting electrical signals over a wire, allowing messages to be sent and received quickly. Morse also created the Morse code, a system of dots and dashes used to represent letters and numbers, which became the standard for telegraph communication. His contributions to the telegraph technology played a crucial role in the advancement of global communication systems.

Explanation
The Suez Canal is the correct answer because it is the canal that connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The Erie Canal is located in New York and connects the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, while the Foster Canal is not a known canal.

Explanation
John Deere built a lightweight plow out of steel. This innovation revolutionized farming as it allowed for more efficient and effective plowing. The steel construction made the plow durable and strong, enabling it to easily cut through the soil. This development greatly increased agricultural productivity and played a significant role in the expansion of farming in the United States.

Explanation
The given question asks about the builder of the Rainbow, and among the options provided, John Grifiths is the only name that matches the question. Therefore, John Grifiths is the correct answer.

Explanation
American merchants traveled to China to purchase tea. Tea was a highly sought-after commodity in the American colonies during the 18th century, and China was a major producer of tea. The American merchants sought to establish trade relationships with Chinese tea producers in order to import tea back to the colonies. This trade was significant in shaping the early American economy and cultural practices, as tea became a popular beverage among the colonists.

Explanation
During the period between 1840 and 1860, factories developed the use of steam power. This was a significant development in the Industrial Revolution, as it allowed for the mechanization of various industries. Steam power was harnessed through the use of steam engines, which provided a more efficient and reliable source of energy compared to earlier methods such as water or wind power. The introduction of steam power revolutionized manufacturing processes, leading to increased production capabilities and the growth of industrialization during this time period.

Explanation
Elias Howe and Isaac Singer were famous for the production of sewing machines. Sewing machines revolutionized the textile industry by automating the process of stitching fabrics together. Howe invented the first practical sewing machine in 1846, while Singer improved upon his design and made it more commercially successful. Their sewing machines greatly increased the efficiency and speed of garment production, leading to significant advancements in the fashion and textile industries.

Explanation
A patent is a legal document that grants the exclusive rights to an inventor to use, make, or sell their invention. Unlike copyright, which protects original works of authorship, a patent specifically protects new and useful inventions. By obtaining a patent, inventors have the sole authority to profit from their invention and prevent others from using or selling it without their permission. Therefore, a patent is the correct answer as it best describes the exclusive right given to inventors.

Explanation
During the mid-19th century, Ireland experienced a devastating potato famine known as the Great Famine. This famine was caused by the failure of the potato crop, which was the main food source for the majority of the Irish population. The failure of the potato crop was primarily due to a disease called late blight, which destroyed the potatoes. The famine resulted in widespread hunger, disease, and mass emigration, leading to the death of approximately one million people and the displacement of millions more. The impact of the potato famine on Ireland's population and history is significant, making it the correct answer to the question.

Explanation
Mary Harris, also known as Mother Jones, was a prominent American labor and community organizer who fought against child labor. She dedicated her life to improving working conditions and advocating for the rights of workers, including children who were exploited in factories and mines. Mother Jones organized strikes, protests, and rallies to raise awareness about the issue and push for legislative reforms. Her activism and relentless campaigning played a significant role in raising public consciousness about the harsh realities of child labor and ultimately contributed to its decline in the United States.

Explanation
In 1832, about one-third of American factory workers were children. This was a result of the Industrial Revolution, which saw an increase in the use of child labor in factories. Children were often employed because they could be paid lower wages than adults and were seen as more manageable and easier to control in the workplace. This practice was eventually challenged and reforms were implemented to protect children from exploitation in the workforce.

Explanation
In 1842, the right of workers to strike was declared legal in Massachusetts. This means that workers in Massachusetts were granted the legal right to go on strike as a form of protest or negotiation for better working conditions, higher wages, or other labor-related issues. This decision was significant as it recognized the importance of workers' rights and paved the way for future labor movements and the establishment of labor laws to protect workers' interests.

Explanation
Between 1830 and 1860, most immigrants to the United States came from Europe. This is because during this time period, there was a significant increase in immigration from European countries such as Ireland, Germany, and Italy. These immigrants were primarily seeking better economic opportunities and escaping political instability and famine in their home countries. The United States offered the promise of land, jobs, and a chance for a better life, making it an attractive destination for European immigrants during this time.

Explanation
Nativists refers to Americans who mistrusted immigrants. They believed in protecting the interests of native-born Americans and advocated for policies that restricted immigration. This term is commonly used to describe the anti-immigrant sentiment prevalent in the United States during various periods of history, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Explanation
The correct answer is New England. New England was the region where the first factories and mills were located in the United States. This region had several advantages such as access to water power, abundant natural resources, and a skilled workforce. The textile industry, in particular, thrived in New England due to its proximity to cotton-producing areas and its well-developed transportation networks. These factors contributed to the establishment of the first industrial centers in New England, making it the birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution.